@article{KarunakaranSubramanianJinetal.2023,
  author    = {Karunakaran, Mohindar M. and Subramanian, Hariharan and Jin, Yiming and Mohammed, Fiyaz and Kimmel, Brigitte and Juraske, Claudia and Starick, Lisa and N{\"o}hren, Anna and L{\"a}nder, Nora and Willcox, Carrie R. and Singh, Rohit and Schamel, Wolfgang W. and Nikolaev, Viacheslav O. and Kunzmann, Volker and Wiemer, Andrew J. and Willcox, Benjamin E. and Herrmann, Thomas},
  title     = {A distinct topology of BTN3A IgV and B30.2 domains controlled by juxtamembrane regions favors optimal human γδ T cell phosphoantigen sensing},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-023-41938-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358179},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Butyrophilin (BTN)-3A and BTN2A1 molecules control the activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells during T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated sensing of phosphoantigens (PAg) derived from microbes and tumors. However, the molecular rules governing PAg sensing remain largely unknown. Here, we establish three mechanistic principles of PAg-mediated γδ T cell activation. First, in humans, following PAg binding to the intracellular BTN3A1-B30.2 domain, Vγ9Vδ2 TCR triggering involves the extracellular V-domain of BTN3A2/BTN3A3. Moreover, the localization of both protein domains on different chains of the BTN3A homo-or heteromers is essential for efficient PAg-mediated activation. Second, the formation of BTN3A homo-or heteromers, which differ in intracellular trafficking and conformation, is controlled by molecular interactions between the juxtamembrane regions of the BTN3A chains. Finally, the ability of PAg not simply to bind BTN3A-B30.2, but to promote its subsequent interaction with the BTN2A1-B30.2 domain, is essential for T-cell activation. Defining these determinants of cooperation and the division of labor in BTN proteins improves our understanding of PAg sensing and elucidates a mode of action that may apply to other BTN family members.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HarterBernatzScholzetal.2015,
  author    = {Harter, Patrick N. and Bernatz, Simon and Scholz, Alexander and Zeiner, Pia S. and Zinke, Jenny and Kiyose, Makoto and Blasel, Stella and Beschorner, Rudi and Senft, Christian and Bender, Benjamin and Ronellenfitsch, Michael W. and Wikman, Harriet and Glatzel, Markus and Meinhardt, Matthias and Juratli, Tareq A. and Steinbach, Joachim P. and Plate, Karl H. and Wischhusen, J{\"o}rg and Weide, Benjamin and Mittelbronn, Michel},
  title     = {Distribution and prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in human brain metastases},
  series = {Oncotarget},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Oncotarget},
  number    = {38},
  doi       = {10.18632/oncotarget.5696},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137107},
  pages     = {40836 -- 40849},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The activation of immune cells by targeting checkpoint inhibitors showed promising results with increased patient survival in distinct primary cancers. Since only limited data exist for human brain metastases, we aimed at characterizing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression of immune checkpoints in the respective tumors. Two brain metastases cohorts, a mixed entity cohort (n = 252) and a breast carcinoma validation cohort (n = 96) were analyzed for CD3+, CD8+, FOXP3+, PD-1+ lymphocytes and PD-L1+ tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. Analyses for association with clinico-epidemiological and neuroradiological parameters such as patient survival or tumor size were performed. TILs infiltrated brain metastases in three different patterns (stromal, peritumoral, diffuse). While carcinomas often show a strong stromal infiltration, TILs in melanomas often diffusely infiltrate the tumors. Highest levels of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were seen in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and strongest PD-1 levels on RCCs and melanomas. High amounts of TILs, high ratios of PD-1+/CD8+ cells and high levels of PD-L1 were negatively correlated with brain metastases size, indicating that in smaller brain metastases CD8+ immune response might get blocked. PD-L1 expression strongly correlated with TILs and FOXP3 expression. No significant association of patient survival with TILs was observed, while high levels of PD-L1 showed a strong trend towards better survival in melanoma brain metastases (Log-Rank p = 0.0537). In summary, melanomas and RCCs seem to be the most immunogenic entities. Differences in immunotherapeutic response between tumor entities regarding brain metastases might be attributable to this finding and need further investigation in larger patient cohorts.},
  language  = {en}
}