@article{AlbSieAdametal.2012,
  author    = {Alb, Miriam and Sie, Christopher and Adam, Christian and Chen, Suzie and Becker, J{\"u}rgen C. and Schrama, David},
  title     = {Cellular and cytokine-dependent immunosuppressive mechanisms of grm1-transgenic murine melanoma},
  series = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00262-012-1290-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125096},
  pages     = {2239-2249},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Grm1-transgenic mice spontaneously develop cutaneous melanoma. This model allowed us to scrutinize the generic immune responses over the course of melanoma development. To this end, lymphocytes obtained from spleens, unrelated lymph nodes and tumor-draining lymph nodes of mice with no evidence of disease, and low or high tumor burden were analyzed ex vivo and in vitro. Thereby, we could demonstrate an increase in the number of activated CD4\(^+\) and CD8+ lymphocytes in the respective organs with increasing tumor burden. However, mainly CD4\(^+\) T cells, which could constitute both T helper as well as immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, but not CD8\(^+\) T cells, expressed activation markers upon in vitro stimulation when obtained from tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, these cells from tumor-burdened animals were also functionally hampered in their proliferative response even when subjected to strong in vitro stimulation. Further analyses revealed that the increased frequency of regulatory T cells in tumor-bearing mice is an early event present in all lymphoid organs. Additionally, expression of the immunosuppressive cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-10 became more evident with increased tumor burden. Notably, TGF-β1 is strongly expressed in both the tumor and the tumor-draining lymph node, whereas IL-10 expression is more pronounced in the lymph node, suggesting a more complex regulation of IL-10. Thus, similar to the situation in melanoma patients, both cytokines as well as cellular immune escape mechanisms seem to contribute to the observed immunosuppressed state of tumor-bearing grm1-transgenic mice, suggesting that this model is suitable for preclinical testing of immunomodulatory therapeutics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CarsilloHueyLevinskyetal.2014,
  author    = {Carsillo, Thomas and Huey, Devra and Levinsky, Amy and Obojes, Karola and Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Niewiesk, Stefan},
  title     = {Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (CD150) Is an Entry Receptor for Measles Virus},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0110120},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-115178},
  pages     = {e110120},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) replicate measles virus (MV) after intranasal infection in the respiratory tract and lymphoid tissue. We have cloned the cotton rat signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (CD150, SLAM) in order to investigate its role as a potential receptor for MV. Cotton rat CD150 displays 58\% and 78\% amino acid homology with human and mouse CD150, respectively. By staining with a newly generated cotton rat CD150 specific monoclonal antibody expression of CD150 was confirmed in cotton rat lymphoid cells and in tissues with a pattern of expression similar to mouse and humans. Previously, binding of MV hemagglutinin has been shown to be dependent on amino acids 60, 61 and 63 in the V region of CD150. The human molecule contains isoleucine, histidine and valine at these positions and binds to MV-H whereas the mouse molecule contains valine, arginine and leucine and does not function as a receptor for MV. In the cotton rat molecule, amino acids 61 and 63 are identical with the mouse molecule and amino acid 60 with the human molecule. After transfection with cotton rat CD150 HEK 293 T cells became susceptible to infection with single cycle VSV pseudotype virus expressing wild type MV glycoproteins and with a MV wildtype virus. After infection, cells expressing cotton rat CD150 replicated virus to lower levels than cells expressing the human molecule and formed smaller plaques. These data might explain why the cotton rat is a semipermissive model for measles virus infection.},
  language  = {en}
}