@article{BauerGoebelerWeissbrichetal.2015, author = {Bauer, Boris and Goebeler, Matthias and Weissbrich, Benedikt and Kerstan, Andreas}, title = {Kerinokeratosis papulosa of childhood}, series = {Dermatology}, volume = {231}, journal = {Dermatology}, number = {1}, issn = {1018-8665}, doi = {10.1159/000381539}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198997}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Kerinokeratosis papulosa (KP) is considered an extremely rare genodermatosis presenting usually as waxy papules on the trunk in childhood. Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical, histological and potential etiopathological aspects of KP. Methods: The dermatoscopic features of a new case of KP of childhood are investigated. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in lesional skin was studied by polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, all cases of KP of childhood reported so far were reviewed. Results: As a diagnostic tool, we describe for the first time a dermatoscopic feature, namely a cribriform pattern of KP, in an 11-year-old boy. In addition, we detected HPV (type 57) in his KP lesions. Conclusions: Dermatoscopic examination might be a useful tool to distinguish KP from other skin lesions, e.g. common warts. The detection of HPV type 57 might hint to an etiological role of HPV for KP.}, language = {en} } @article{HochleitnerJuengstBrownetal.2015, author = {Hochleitner, Gernot and J{\"u}ngst, Tomasz and Brown, Toby D and Hahn, Kathrin and Moseke, Claus and Jakob, Franz and Dalton, Paul D and Groll, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Additive manufacturing of scaffolds with sub-micron filaments via melt electrospinning writing}, series = {Biofabrication}, volume = {7}, journal = {Biofabrication}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1088/1758-5090/7/3/035002}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254053}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to explore the lower resolution limits of an electrohydrodynamic process combined with direct writing technology of polymer melts. Termed melt electrospinning writing, filaments are deposited layer-by-layer to produce discrete three-dimensional scaffolds for in vitro research. Through optimization of the parameters (flow rate, spinneret diameter, voltage, collector distance) for poly-ϵ-caprolactone, we could direct-write coherent scaffolds with ultrafine filaments, the smallest being 817 ± 165 nm. These low diameter filaments were deposited to form box-structures with a periodicity of 100.6 ± 5.1 μm and a height of 80 μm (50 stacked filaments; 100 overlap at intersections). We also observed oriented crystalline regions within such ultrafine filaments after annealing at 55 °C. The scaffolds were printed upon NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)-coated glass slide surfaces and withstood frequent liquid exchanges with negligible scaffold detachment for at least 10 days in vitro.}, language = {en} } @article{HindererShenRinguetteetal.2015, author = {Hinderer, Svenja and Shen, Nian and Ringuette, L{\´e}a-Jeanne and Hansmann, Jan and Reinhardt, Dieter P and Brucker, Sara Y and Davis, Elaine C and Schenke-Layland, Katja}, title = {In vitro elastogenesis: instructing human vascular smooth muscle cells to generate an elastic fiber-containing extracellular matrix scaffold}, series = {Biomedical Materials}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biomedical Materials}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/034102}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254074}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Elastic fibers are essential for the proper function of organs including cardiovascular tissues such as heart valves and blood vessels. Although (tropo)elastin production in a tissue-engineered construct has previously been described, the assembly to functional elastic fibers in vitro using human cells has been highly challenging. In the present study, we seeded primary isolated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) onto 3D electrospun scaffolds and exposed them to defined laminar shear stress using a customized bioreactor system. Increased elastin expression followed by elastin deposition onto the electrospun scaffolds, as well as on newly formed fibers, was observed after six days. Most interestingly, we identified the successful deposition of elastogenesis-associated proteins, including fibrillin-1 and -2, fibulin-4 and -5, fibronectin, elastin microfibril interface located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) within our engineered constructs. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a developing extracellular matrix (ECM) similar to native human fetal tissue, which is composed of collagens, microfibrils and elastin. To conclude, the combination of a novel dynamic flow bioreactor and an electrospun hybrid polymer scaffold allowed the production and assembly of an elastic fiber-containing ECM.}, language = {en} } @article{MatsudaUnoKondoetal.2015, author = {Matsuda, Yoichi and Uno, Yoshinobu and Kondo, Mariko and Gilchrist, Michael J. and Zorn, Aaron M. and Rokhsar, Daniel S. and Schmid, Michael and Taira, Masanori}, title = {A New Nomenclature of Xenopus laevis Chromosomes Based on the Phylogenetic Relationship to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis}, series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, volume = {145}, journal = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, number = {3-4}, issn = {1424-8581}, doi = {10.1159/000381292}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196748}, pages = {187-191}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Xenopus laevis (XLA) is an allotetraploid species which appears to have undergone whole-genome duplication after the interspecific hybridization of 2 diploid species closely related to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis (XTR). Previous cDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments have identified 9 sets of homoeologous chromosomes in X. laevis, in which 8 sets correspond to chromosomes 1-8 of X. tropicalis (XTR1-XTR8), and the last set corresponds to a fusion of XTR9 and XTR10. In addition, recent X. laevis genome sequencing and BAC-FISH experiments support this physiological relationship and show no gross chromosome translocation in the X. laevis karyotype. Therefore, for the benefit of both comparative cytogenetics and genome research, we here propose a new chromosome nomenclature for X. laevis based on the phylogenetic relationship and chromosome length, i.e. XLA1L, XLA1S, XLA2L, XLA2S, and so on, in which the numbering of XLA chromosomes corresponds to that in X. tropicalis and the postfixes 'L' and 'S' stand for 'long' and 'short' chromosomes in the homoeologous pairs, which can be distinguished cytologically by their relative size. The last chromosome set is named XLA9L and XLA9S, in which XLA9 corresponds to both XTR9 and XTR10, and hence, to emphasize the phylogenetic relationship to X. tropicalis, XLA9_10L and XLA9_10S are also used as synonyms.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidEvansBogart2015, author = {Schmid, Michael and Evans, Ben J. and Bogart, James P.}, title = {Polyploidy in Amphibia}, series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, volume = {145}, journal = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, number = {3-4}, issn = {1424-8581}, doi = {10.1159/000431388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196730}, pages = {315-330}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This review summarizes the current status of the known extant genuine polyploid anuran and urodelan species, as well as spontaneously originated and/or experimentally produced amphibian polyploids. The mechanisms by which polyploids can originate, the meiotic pairing configurations, the diploidization processes operating in polyploid genomes, the phenomenon of hybridogenesis, and the relationship between polyploidization and sex chromosome evolution are discussed. The polyploid systems in some important amphibian taxa are described in more detail.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidSteinlein2015, author = {Schmid, Michael and Steinlein, Claus}, title = {Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXII. The Genus Xenopus (Anura, Pipidae)}, series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, volume = {145}, journal = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, number = {3-4}, issn = {1424-8581}, doi = {10.1159/000433481}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196727}, pages = {201-217}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Mitotic chromosomes of 16 species of the frog genus Xenopus were prepared from kidney and lung cell cultures. In the chromosomes of 7 species, high-resolution replication banding patterns could be induced by treating the cultures with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and deoxythymidine (dT) in succession, and in 6 of these species the BrdU/dT-banded chromosomes could be arranged into karyotypes. In the 3 species of the clade with 2n = 20 and 4n = 40 chromosomes (X. tropicalis, X. epitropicalis, X. new tetraploid 1), as well as in the 3 species with 4n = 36 chromosomes (X. laevis, X. borealis, X. muelleri), the BrdU/dT-banded karyotypes show a high degree of homoeology, though differences were detected between these groups. Translocations, inversions, insertions or sex-specific replication bands were not observed. Minor replication asynchronies found between chromosomes probably involve heterochromatic regions. BrdU/dT replication banding of Xenopus chromosomes provides the landmarks necessary for the exact physical mapping of genes and repetitive sequences. FISH with an X. laevis 5S rDNA probe detected multiple hybridization sites at or near the long-arm telomeric regions in most chromosomes of X. laevis and X. borealis, whereas in X. muelleri, the 5S rDNA sequences are located exclusively at the long-arm telomeres of a single chromosome pair. Staining with the AT base pair-specific fluorochrome quinacrine mustard revealed brightly fluorescing heterochromatic regions in the majority of X. borealis chromosomes which are absent in other Xenopus species.}, language = {en} } @article{PootHaaf2015, author = {Poot, Martin and Haaf, Thomas}, title = {Mechanisms of Origin, Phenotypic Effects and Diagnostic Implications of Complex Chromosome Rearrangements}, series = {Molecular Syndromology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Molecular Syndromology}, number = {3}, issn = {1661-8769}, doi = {10.1159/000438812}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196524}, pages = {110-134}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are currently defined as structural genome variations that involve more than 2 chromosome breaks and result in exchanges of chromosomal segments. They are thought to be extremely rare, but their detection rate is rising because of improvements in molecular cytogenetic technology. Their population frequency is also underestimated, since many CCRs may not elicit a phenotypic effect. CCRs may be the result of fork stalling and template switching, microhomology-mediated break-induced repair, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, or chromothripsis. Patients with chromosomal instability syndromes show elevated rates of CCRs due to impaired DNA double-strand break responses during meiosis. Therefore, the putative functions of the proteins encoded by ATM, BLM, WRN, ATR, MRE11, NBS1, and RAD51 in preventing CCRs are discussed. CCRs may exert a pathogenic effect by either (1) gene dosage-dependent mechanisms, e.g. haploinsufficiency, (2) mechanisms based on disruption of the genomic architecture, such that genes, parts of genes or regulatory elements are truncated, fused or relocated and thus their interactions disturbed - these mechanisms will predominantly affect gene expression - or (3) mixed mutation mechanisms in which a CCR on one chromosome is combined with a different type of mutation on the other chromosome. Such inferred mechanisms of pathogenicity need corroboration by mRNA sequencing. Also, future studies with in vitro models, such as inducible pluripotent stem cells from patients with CCRs, and transgenic model organisms should substantiate current inferences regarding putative pathogenic effects of CCRs. The ramifications of the growing body of information on CCRs for clinical and experimental genetics and future treatment modalities are briefly illustrated with 2 cases, one of which suggests KDM4C(JMJD2C) as a novel candidate gene for mental retardation.}, language = {en} } @article{SchneiderElHajjMuelleretal.2015, author = {Schneider, Eberhard and El Hajj, Nady and M{\"u}ller, Fabian and Navarro, Bianca and Haaf, Thomas}, title = {Epigenetic Dysregulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Completers}, series = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, volume = {146}, journal = {Cytogenetic and Genome Research}, number = {1}, issn = {1424-8581}, doi = {10.1159/000435778}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199032}, pages = {19-27}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The epigenome is thought to mediate between genes and the environment, particularly in response to adverse life experiences. Similar to other psychiatric diseases, the suicide liability of an individual appears to be influenced by many genetic factors of small effect size as well as by environmental stressors. To identify epigenetic marks associated with suicide, which is considered the endpoint of complex gene-environment interactions, we compared the cortex DNA methylation patterns of 6 suicide completers versus 6 non-psychiatric sudden-death controls, using Illumina 450K methylation arrays. Consistent with a multifactorial disease model, we found DNA methylation changes in a large number of genes, but no changes with large effects reaching genome-wide significance. Global methylation of all analyzed CpG sites was significantly (0.25 percentage point) lower in suicide than in control brains, whereas the vast majority (97\%) of the top 1,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were higher methylated (0.6 percentage point) in suicide brains. Annotation analysis of the top 1,000 DMRs revealed an enrichment of differentially methylated promoters in functional categories associated with transcription and expression in the brain. In addition, we performed a comprehensive literature research to identify suicide genes that have been replicated in independent genetic association, brain methylation and/or expression studies. Although, in general, there was no significant overlap between different published data sets or between our top 1,000 DMRs and published data sets, our methylation screen strengthens a number of candidate genes (APLP2, BDNF, HTR1A, NUAK1, PHACTR3, MSMP, SLC6A4, SYN2, and SYNE2) and supports a role for epigenetics in the pathophysiology of suicide.}, language = {en} } @article{KolominskyRabasWiedmannWeingaertneretal.2015, author = {Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L. and Wiedmann, Silke and Weing{\"a}rtner, Michael and Liman, Thomas G. and Endres, Matthias and Schwab, Stefan and Buchfelder, Michael and Heuschmann, Peter U.}, title = {Time Trends in Incidence of Pathological and Etiological Stroke Subtypes during 16 Years: The Erlangen Stroke Project}, series = {Neuroepidemiology}, volume = {44}, journal = {Neuroepidemiology}, number = {1}, issn = {0251-5350}, doi = {10.1159/000371353}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196503}, pages = {24-29}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Population-based data, which continuously monitors time trends in stroke epidemiology are limited. We investigated the incidence of pathological and etiological stroke subtypes over a 16 year time period. Methods: Data were collected within the Erlangen Stroke Project (ESPro), a prospective, population-based stroke register in Germany covering a total study population of 105,164 inhabitants (2010). Etiology of ischemic stroke was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Results: Between January 1995 and December 2010, 3,243 patients with first-ever stroke were documented. The median age was 75 and 55\% were females. The total stroke incidence decreased over the 16 year study period in men (Incidence Rate Ratio 1995-1996 vs. 2009-2010 (IRR) 0.78; 95\% CI 0.58-0.90) but not in women. Among stroke subtypes, a decrease in ischemic stroke incidence (IRR 0.73; 95\% CI 0.57-0.93) and of large artery atherosclerotic stroke (IRR 0.27; 95\% CI 0.12-0.59) was found in men and an increase of stroke due to small artery occlusion in women (IRR 2.33; 95\% CI 1.39-3.90). Conclusions: Variations in time trends of pathological and etiological stroke subtypes were found between men and women that might be linked to gender differences in the development of major vascular risk factors in the study population.}, language = {en} } @article{KnollSchramm2015, author = {Knoll, Johannes and Schramm, Holger}, title = {Advertising in social network sites - Investigating the social influence of user-generated content on online advertising effects}, series = {Communications}, volume = {40}, journal = {Communications}, number = {3}, issn = {1613-4087}, doi = {10.1515/commun-2015-0011}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194192}, pages = {341-360}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In today's social online world there is a variety of interaction and participatory possibilities which enable web users to actively produce content themselves. This user-generated content is omnipresent in the web and there is growing evidence that it is used to select or evaluate professionally created online information. The present study investigated how this surrounding content affects online advertising by drawing from social influence theory. Specifically, it was assumed that web users sharing an interpersonal relationship (interpersonal influence) and/or a group membership (collective influence) with authors of user-generated content which appears next to advertising on the web page are more strongly influenced in their response to the advertising than unrelated users. These assumptions were tested in a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment with 118 students who were exposed to four different Facebook profiles that differed in terms of interpersonal connection to the source (existent/non-existent) and collective connection to the source (existent/non-existent). The results show a significant impact in the case of collective influence, but not in the case of interpersonal influence. The underlying mechanisms of this effect and implications of the results for online advertising are discussed.}, language = {en} }