@article{DostalFennelKochetal.2018, author = {Dost{\´a}l, Jakub and Fennel, Franziska and Koch, Federico and Herbst, Stefanie and W{\"u}rthner, Frank and Brixner, Tobias}, title = {Direct observation of exciton-exciton interactions}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04884-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226271}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Natural light harvesting as well as optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices depend on efficient transport of energy following photoexcitation. Using common spectroscopic methods, however, it is challenging to discriminate one-exciton dynamics from multi-exciton interactions that arise when more than one excitation is present in the system. Here we introduce a coherent two-dimensional spectroscopic method that provides a signal only in case that the presence of one exciton influences the behavior of another one. Exemplarily, we monitor exciton diffusion by annihilation in a perylene bisimide-based J-aggregate. We determine quantitatively the exciton diffusion constant from exciton-exciton-interaction 2D spectra and reconstruct the annihilation-free dynamics for large pump powers. The latter enables for ultrafast spectroscopy at much higher intensities than conventionally possible and thus improves signal-to-noise ratios for multichromophore systems; the former recovers spatio-temporal dynamics for a broad range of phenomena in which exciton interactions are present.}, language = {en} } @article{DindasScherzerRoelfsemaetal.2018, author = {Dindas, Julian and Scherzer, S{\"o}nke and Roelfsema, M. Rob G. and Meyer, Katharina von and M{\"u}ller, Heike M. and Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. and Palme, Klaus and Dietrich, Petra and Becker, Dirk and Bennett, Malcolm J. and Hedrich, Rainer}, title = {AUX1-mediated root hair auxin influx governs SCFTIR1/AFB-type Ca2+ signaling}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-03582-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225368}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, but the causal relationship between hormone transport and root responses remains unresolved. Here we describe auxin uptake, together with early steps in signaling, in Arabidopsis root hairs. Using intracellular microelectrodes we show membrane depolarization, in response to IAA in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner. This depolarization is strongly impaired in aux1 mutants, indicating that AUX1 is the major transporter for auxin uptake in root hairs. Local intracellular auxin application triggers Ca2+ signals that propagate as long-distance waves between root cells and modulate their auxin responses. AUX1-mediated IAA transport, as well as IAA- triggered calcium signals, are blocked by treatment with the SCFTIR1/AFB - inhibitor auxinole. Further, they are strongly reduced in the tir1afb2afb3 and the cngc14 mutant. Our study reveals that the AUX1 transporter, the SCFTIR1/AFB receptor and the CNGC14 Ca2+ channel, mediate fast auxin signaling in roots.}, language = {en} } @article{deJongDinizSalomaetal.2018, author = {de Jong, Simone and Diniz, Mateus Jose Abdalla and Saloma, Andiara and Gadelha, Ary and Santoro, Marcos L. and Ota, Vanessa K. and Noto, Cristiano and Curtis, Charles and Newhouse, Stephen J. and Patel, Hamel and Hall, Lynsey S. and O'Reilly, Paul F. and Belangero, Sintia I. and Bressan, Rodrigo A. and Breen, Gerome}, title = {Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder}, series = {Communications Biology}, volume = {1}, journal = {Communications Biology}, organization = {Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-018-0155-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223622}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30\% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders.}, language = {en} } @article{CiuchiDiSanteDobrosavljevićetal.2018, author = {Ciuchi, Sergio and Di Sante, Domenico and Dobrosavljević, Vladimir and Fratini, Simone}, title = {The origin of Mooij correlations in disordered metals}, series = {npj Quantum Materials}, volume = {3}, journal = {npj Quantum Materials}, doi = {10.1038/s41535-018-0119-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223148}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Sufficiently disordered metals display systematic deviations from the behavior predicted by semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Here the scattering events from impurities or thermal excitations can no longer be considered as additive-independent processes, as asserted by Matthiessen's rule following from this picture. In the intermediate region between the regime of good conduction and that of insulation, one typically finds a change of sign of the temperature coefficient of resistivity, even at elevated temperature spanning ambient conditions, a phenomenology that was first identified by Mooij in 1973. Traditional weak coupling approaches to identify relevant corrections to the Boltzmann picture focused on long-distance interference effects such as "weak localization", which are especially important in low dimensions (1D and 2D) and close to the zero-temperature limit. Here we formulate a strong-coupling approach to tackle the interplay of strong disorder and lattice deformations (phonons) in bulk three-dimensional metals at high temperatures. We identify a polaronic mechanism of strong disorder renormalization, which describes how a lattice locally responds to the relevant impurity potential. This mechanism, which quantitatively captures the Mooij regime, is physically distinct and unrelated to Anderson localization, but realizes early seminal ideas of Anderson himself, concerning the interplay of disorder and lattice deformations.}, language = {en} } @article{ChinaBurrowsWangetal.2018, author = {China, Swarup and Burrows, Susannah M. and Wang, Bingbing and Harder, Tristan H. and Weis, Johannes and Tanarhte, Meryem and Rizzo, Luciana V. and Brito, Joel and Cirino, Glauber G. and Ma, Po-Lun and Cliff, John and Artaxo, Paulo and Gilles, Mary K. and Laskin, Alexander}, title = {Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222492}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In the Amazon basin, particles containing mixed sodium salts are routinely observed and are attributed to marine aerosols transported from the Atlantic Ocean. Using chemical imaging analysis, we show that, during the wet season, fungal spores emitted by the forest biosphere contribute at least 30\% (by number) to sodium salt particles in the central Amazon basin. Hydration experiments indicate that sodium content in fungal spores governs their growth factors. Modeling results suggest that fungal spores account for ~69\% (31-95\%) of the total sodium mass during the wet season and that their fractional contribution increases during nighttime. Contrary to common assumptions that sodium-containing aerosols originate primarily from marine sources, our results suggest that locally-emitted fungal spores contribute substantially to the number and mass of coarse particles containing sodium. Hence, their role in cloud formation and contribution to salt cycles and the terrestrial ecosystem in the Amazon basin warrant further consideration.}, language = {en} } @article{CastilhoHochleitnerWilsonetal.2018, author = {Castilho, Miguel and Hochleitner, Gernot and Wilson, Wouter and van Rietbergen, Bert and Dalton, Paul D. and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Malda, Jos and Ito, Keita}, title = {Mechanical behavior of a soft hydrogel reinforced with three-dimensional printed microfibre scaffolds}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-19502-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222280}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Reinforcing hydrogels with micro-fibre scaffolds obtained by a Melt-Electrospinning Writing (MEW) process has demonstrated great promise for developing tissue engineered (TE) constructs with mechanical properties compatible to native tissues. However, the mechanical performance and reinforcement mechanism of the micro-fibre reinforced hydrogels is not yet fully understood. In this study, FE models, implementing material properties measured experimentally, were used to explore the reinforcement mechanism of fibre-hydrogel composites. First, a continuum FE model based on idealized scaffold geometry was used to capture reinforcement effects related to the suppression of lateral gel expansion by the scaffold, while a second micro-FE model based on micro-CT images of the real construct geometry during compaction captured the effects of load transfer through the scaffold interconnections. Results demonstrate that the reinforcement mechanism at higher scaffold volume fractions was dominated by the load carrying-ability of the fibre scaffold interconnections, which was much higher than expected based on testing scaffolds alone because the hydrogel provides resistance against buckling of the scaffold. We propose that the theoretical understanding presented in this work will assist the design of more effective composite constructs with potential applications in a wide range of TE conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{CarradecPelletierDaSilvaetal.2018, author = {Carradec, Quentin and Pelletier, Eric and Da Silva, Corinne and Alberti, Adriana and Seeleuthner, Yoann and Blanc-Mathieu, Romain and Lima-Mendez, Gipsi and Rocha, Fabio and Tirichine, Leila and Labadie, Karine and Kirilovsky, Amos and Bertrand, Alexis and Engelen, Stefan and Madoui, Mohammed-Amin and M{\´e}heust, Rapha{\"e}l and Poulain, Julie and Romac, Sarah and Richter, Daniel J. and Yoshikawa, Genki and Dimier, C{\´e}line and Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie and Picheral, Marc and Searson, Sarah and Jaillon, Olivier and Aury, Jean-Marc and Karsenti, Eric and Sullivan, Matthew B. and Sunagawa, Shinichi and Bork, Peer and Not, Fabrice and Hingamp, Pascal and Raes, Jeroen and Guidi, Lionel and Ogata, Hiroyuki and de Vargas, Colomban and Iudicone, Daniele and Bowler, Chris and Wincker, Patrick}, title = {A global ocean atlas of eukaryotic gene}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, organization = {Tara Oceans Coordinators}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-02342-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222250}, year = {2018}, abstract = {While our knowledge about the roles of microbes and viruses in the ocean has increased tremendously due to recent advances in genomics and metagenomics, research on marine microbial eukaryotes and zooplankton has benefited much less from these new technologies because of their larger genomes, their enormous diversity, and largely unexplored physiologies. Here, we use a metatranscriptomics approach to capture expressed genes in open ocean Tara Oceans stations across four organismal size fractions. The individual sequence reads cluster into 116 million unigenes representing the largest reference collection of eukaryotic transcripts from any single biome. The catalog is used to unveil functions expressed by eukaryotic marine plankton, and to assess their functional biogeography. Almost half of the sequences have no similarity with known proteins, and a great number belong to new gene families with a restricted distribution in the ocean. Overall, the resource provides the foundations for exploring the roles of marine eukaryotes in ocean ecology and biogeochemistry.}, language = {en} } @article{BrunkSputhDooseetal.2018, author = {Brunk, Michael and Sputh, Sebastian and Doose, S{\"o}ren and van de Linde, Sebastian and Terpitz, Ulrich}, title = {HyphaTracker: An ImageJ toolbox for time-resolved analysis of spore germination in filamentous fungi}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-19103-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221691}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The dynamics of early fungal development and its interference with physiological signals and environmental factors is yet poorly understood. Especially computational analysis tools for the evaluation of the process of early spore germination and germ tube formation are still lacking. For the time-resolved analysis of conidia germination of the filamentous ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi we developed a straightforward toolbox implemented in ImageJ. It allows for processing of microscopic acquisitions (movies) of conidial germination starting with drift correction and data reduction prior to germling analysis. From the image time series germling related region of interests (ROIs) are extracted, which are analysed for their area, circularity, and timing. ROIs originating from germlings crossing other hyphae or the image boundaries are omitted during analysis. Each conidium/hypha is identified and related to its origin, thus allowing subsequent categorization. The efficiency of HyphaTracker was proofed and the accuracy was tested on simulated germlings at different signal-to-noise ratios. Bright-field microscopic images of conidial germination of rhodopsin-deficient F. fujikuroi mutants and their respective control strains were analysed with HyphaTracker. Consistent with our observation in earlier studies the CarO deficient mutant germinated earlier and grew faster than other, CarO expressing strains.}, language = {en} } @article{BruchhagenJarickMewisetal.2018, author = {Bruchhagen, Christin and Jarick, Marcel and Mewis, Carolin and Hertlein, Tobias and Niemann, Silke and Ohlsen, Knut and Peters, Georg and Planz, Oliver and Ludwig, Stephan and Ehrhardt, Christina}, title = {Metabolic conversion of CI-1040 turns a cellular MEK-inhibitor into an antibacterial compound}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-27445-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221648}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Influenza virus (IV) infections cause severe respiratory illnesses that can be complicated by bacterial super-infections. Previously, we identified the cellular Raf-MEK-ERK cascade as a promising antiviral target. Inhibitors of MEK, such as CI-1040, showed potent antiviral activity. However, it remained unclear if this inhibitor and its active form, ATR-002, might sensitize host cells to either IV or secondary bacterial infections. To address these questions, we studied the anti-pathogen activity of ATR-002 in comparison to CI-1040, particularly, its impact on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is a major cause of IV super-infections. We analysed IV and S. aureus titres in vitro during super-infection in the presence and absence of the drugs and characterized the direct impact of ATR-002 on bacterial growth and phenotypic changes. Importantly, neither CI-1040 nor ATR-002 treatment led to increased bacterial titres during super-infection, indicating that the drug does not sensitize cells for bacterial infection. In contrast, we rather observed reduced bacterial titres in presence of ATR-002. Surprisingly, ATR-002 also led to reduced bacterial growth in suspension cultures, reduced stress- and antibiotic tolerance without resistance induction. Our data identified for the first time that a particular MEK-inhibitor metabolite exhibits direct antibacterial activity, which is likely due to interference with the bacterial PknB kinase/Stp phosphatase signalling system.}, language = {en} } @article{AnanyKreckelFuellsacketal.2018, author = {Anany, Mohamed A. and Kreckel, Jennifer and F{\"u}llsack, Simone and Rosenthal, Alevtina and Otto, Christoph and Siegmund, Daniela and Wajant, Harald}, title = {Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) enhances poly(I:C)-induced RIPK1-mediated necroptosis}, series = {Cell Death \& Disease}, volume = {9}, journal = {Cell Death \& Disease}, doi = {10.1038/s41419-018-1137-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221104}, year = {2018}, abstract = {TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) sensitize for poly(I:C)-induced cell death. Notably, although CHX preferentially enhanced poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis, TWEAK enhanced primarily poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis. Both sensitizers of poly(I:C)-induced cell death, however, showed no major effect on proinflammatory poly(I:C) signaling. Analysis of a panel of HeLa-RIPK3 variants lacking TRADD, RIPK1, FADD, or caspase-8 expression revealed furthermore similarities and differences in the way how poly(I:C)/TWEAK, TNF, and TRAIL utilize these molecules for signaling. RIPK1 turned out to be essential for poly(I:C)/TWEAK-induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis but was dispensable for this response in TNF and TRAIL signaling. TRADD-RIPK1-double deficiency differentially affected poly(I:C)-triggered gene induction but abrogated gene induction by TNF completely. FADD deficiency abrogated TRAIL- but not TNF- and poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis, whereas TRADD elicited protective activity against all three death inducers. A general protective activity against poly(I:C)-, TRAIL-, and TNF-induced cell death was also observed in FLIPL and FLIPS transfectrants.}, language = {en} }