@article{LindemannRethwilm2011,
  author    = {Lindemann, Dirk and Rethwilm, Axel},
  title     = {Foamy Virus Biology and Its Application for Vector Development},
  series = {Viruses},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Viruses},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.3390/v3050561},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139811},
  pages     = {561-585},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Spuma- or foamy viruses (FV), endemic in most non-human primates, cats, cattle and horses, comprise a special type of retrovirus that has developed a replication strategy combining features of both retroviruses and hepadnaviruses. Unique features of FVs include an apparent apathogenicity in natural hosts as well as zoonotically infected humans, a reverse transcription of the packaged viral RNA genome late during viral replication resulting in an infectious DNA genome in released FV particles and a special particle release strategy depending capsid and glycoprotein coexpression and specific interaction between both components. In addition, particular features with respect to the integration profile into the host genomic DNA discriminate FV from orthoretroviruses. It appears that some inherent properties of FV vectors set them favorably apart from orthoretroviral vectors and ask for additional basic research on the viruses as well as on the application in Gene Therapy. This review will summarize the current knowledge of FV biology and the development as a gene transfer system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MaurerBannertRethwilmetal.1988,
  author    = {Maurer, B. and Bannert, H. and Rethwilm, Axel and Darai, B. and Fl{\"u}gel, R. M.},
  title     = {Characterization of the env gene and of two novel coding regions of the human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86334},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Recombinant clones harboring retroviral DNA were established. The nucleotide sequence of the central and 3' region of the genome of the human spumaretrovirus was determined. The 5' end of the deduced protein sequence was homologaus to the endonuclease domain of retroviral reverse transcriptases. A small intergenic region is followed by a lang open reading frame of 985 aminoacid residues that according to its genomic location and structural features is a typical retroviral env gene. Surprisingly, the postenv region contains two open reading frames that encodes two novel retroviral genes, termed bel-l and bel-2. The 3' LTR is 963 nucleotides lang and contains the signal sequences characteristic for transcriptional regulation of retrovirus genomes.},
  subject      = {Spumaviren},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaurerSerflingterMeulenetal.1991,
  author    = {Maurer, Bernd and Serfling, Edgar and ter Meulen, Volker and Rethwilm, Axel},
  title     = {Transcription factor AP-1 modulates the activity of the human foamy virus long terminal repeat},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61444},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The human foamy virus (HFV) contains within the UJ region of its long terminal repeat (L TR) three perfect consensus sequences for the binding of the inducible transcription factor AP-1. Results of DNase I footprint protection and gel retardation assays demonstrated that proteins in extracts of HeLa and BHK-21 cells as weil as bacterially expressed Jun and Fos proteins bind to these AP-1 sites. By conducting transient expression assays using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids carrying LTR sequences with point-mutated AP-1 sites it was found that the three AP-1 sites contribute to the optimal activity ofthe HFV promoter. It is shown that lnduction of the HFV L TR by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and serum factors is mediated through the AP-1 sites.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MoriRethwilmSchwinnetal.1990,
  author    = {Mori, Kazuyasu and Rethwilm, Axel and Schwinn, Andreas and Horak, Ivan},
  title     = {Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human t-cells expressing antisense RNA},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86426},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerKrennSchindleretal.1993,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, J. G. and Krenn, V. and Schindler, C. and Czub, S. and Stahl-Henning, C. and Coulibaly, C. and Hunsmann, G. and Kneitz, C. and Kerkau, Thomas and Rethwilm, Axel and terMeulen, Volker},
  title     = {Alterations of thymus cortical epithelium and interdigitating dendritic cells but no increase of thymocyte cell death in the early course of simian immunodeficiency virus infection},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32583},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerKrennCzubetal.1993,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, J. and Krenn, V. and Czub, S. and Schindler, C. and Kneitz, C. and Kerkau, T. and Stahl-Henning, C. and Coulibaly, C. and Hunsmann, G. and Rethwilm, Axel and ter Meulen, Volker and M{\"u}ller-Hermelink, H. K.},
  title     = {The thymus in SIV infection},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80265},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {HIV-Infektion},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NetzerRethwilmMaureretal.1990,
  author    = {Netzer, Kai O. and Rethwilm, Axel and Maurer, Bernd and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Identification of the major immunogenic structural proteins of human foamy virus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61477},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {We have identified the major immunogenic structural proteins of the human foamy virus (HFV), a distinct member of the foamy virus subfamily of Retroviridae. Radiolabelied viral proteins were immunoprecipitated from HFV -infected cells by foamy virus antisera of human and non-human primate origin. Precipitated viral proteins were in the range of 31 K to 170K. Labelling of proteins with [\(^{14}\)C]glucosamine or with [\(^{35}\)S]methionine in the presence oftunicamycin, as well as endo-ß-N-acetylglycosaminidase Hand F treatment of [\(^{35}\)S]methionine-labelled proteins, revealed three viral glycoproteins of approximately 170K, 130K and 47K, most likely representing the env gene-encoded precursor, the surface glycoprotein and the transmembrane protein of HFV, respectively.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NetzerSchliephakeMaureretal.1993,
  author    = {Netzer, Kai O. and Schliephake, Andreas and Maurer, Bernd and Watanabe, Rihito and Aguzzi, Adriano and Rethwilm, Axel},
  title     = {Identification of pol-related gene products of human foamy virus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61429},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Human foamy viruspol gene fragments were molecularly cloned into a procaryotic expression vector. The expression pattern of the cloned fragments and nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5' pol gene region revealed that in HFV the protease (PR) is located in the pol open reading frame. Purified recombinant proteins were used to generate antibodies in rats. ln immunoblot assay, using infected cells as antigen, a precursor protein with an apparent molecular mass (M,) of 127K was identified by antibodies directed against the reverse transcriptase (RT), RNaseH, or integrase (IN) domeins of pol. With concentrated virus as antigen, the RT and RNaseH antibodies recognized a protein of 80K, the IN antiserum recognized a protein of 40K, and the PR antiserum detected a protein of approximately 10K.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeumannHaefelinRethwilmBaueretal.1983,
  author    = {Neumann-Haefelin, D. and Rethwilm, Axel and Bauer, G. and Gudat, F. and zur Hausen, H.},
  title     = {Characterization of a foamy virus isolated from Cercopithecus aethiops lymphoblastoid cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61538},
  year      = {1983},
  abstract  = {A virus derived from cells of a Iymphoblastoid line originating from the lymph node of a healthy African green monkey was characterized as a typical member of the foamy virus subgroup of rctroviridac by its morphological, physicochemical, biological and biochemical properties (reverse transcriptase actvity). Besides the usual host range of foamy viruses, the isolated strain revealed a remarkable T -lymphotropism, distinguishing it from the prototypes of foamy viruses previously isolated from African green monkeys. Two foamy virus infectious are demonstrated in human contacts of the African green monkey colony, with the animal barbauring the isolate.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RethwilmBaunachMorietal.1990,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Baunach, Gerald and Mori, Kazuyasu and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Transactivation of HIV by human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86436},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {To study the activation of HIV by human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of HSRV, HIVl and HIV2 were examined with respect to their ability to function as transcriptional promoters in virus infected and uninfected cells. Transient transfections using plasmids in which the L TRs of the three viruses were coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CA T) gene revealed (i) the level of cat gene expression directed by the HSRV LTR was markedly increased in HSRV infected cells compared to uninfected cells, (ii) cat gene expression driven by the HIV1 LTR, but not by the HIV2 LTR could be enhanced upon HSRV infection, whereas (iii) neither in HIV1 nor in HIV2 infected cells an effect on HSRV LTR driven cat geneexpression was detected.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {en}
}