@misc{May2002,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {May, Jan-Hendrik},
  title     = {The Quebrada de Purmamarca, Juyuj, NW-Argentina : Landscape Evolution and Morphodynamics in the Semi-Arid Andes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34416},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {This study aims at reconstructing landscape evolution in the Quebrada de Purmamarca, NW-Argentina. Thorough mapping of the existing landforms and present morphodynamic situation was conducted on the base of intensive field work and the interpretation of remote sensing imagery. Aside from geomorphological mapping, field work focused on the description of numerous sedimentological and pedological profiles. The analysis of these profiles was supported by laboratory data from field samples (granulometry, CaCO3 content) but also by a 14C age date. With particular regard to pedological questions, several samples from soil crust were micromorphologically analysed and interpreted. The resulting data allowed the reconstruction of several phases of landscape evolution in the Quebrada de Purmamarca back to the Miocene. During this phase, the Andes were still a landscape of relatively low relief being subject to processes of planation under conditions markedly more humid than today. Highly faulted and deformed fanglomerates are the first evidence of a progressing uplift coupled under an increasingly arid climate. As a consequence of continued uplift and alternating phases of erosion and aggradation, large terrace systems have formed. Particularly the youngest terrace level shows good preservation. Against the background of the intense climatic changes characteristic for the Pleistocene, these terraces have been the major focus of this study. They are built up almost entirely from coarse debris-flow sediments which are thought to be the result of a significant drop of the periglacial belt of more than 1,000 meters. This interpretation is confirmed by a variety of relict periglacial landforms like "glatthang" morphology (smooth topography), sheets of frost debris and asymmetric valleys. As sediment supply from periglacial debris production exceeded the transport capacity of the drainage system leading to the dominance of depositional processes. Aggradation has been interrupted or at least weakened several times as reflected by two lacustrine to fluvial intervals within the terrace deposits. In this context, particularly the younger interval might announce a shift in morphodynamics around 49 ka BP (14C age), when the phase of terrace aggradation grades into a phase of dominant alluvial fan activity. On the terrace surfaces a well-developed reddish soil has developed. It is interpreted to indicate a phase of increased humidity possibly in relation with the "Minchin" wet phase between 40 ka BP and 25 ka BP. At many places, this reddish soil is overlain by a markedly cemented sand crust. Based on the good sorting of medium and fine sand, this sand crust could be interpreted as fluvio-eolian sediment. Its deposition under very arid and cold climatic conditions may be attributed to the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the sand crust shows signs of erosion at many places and has not been observed anywhere below the level of the terrace surface. Therefore the onset of severe erosion and incision resulting in the evacuation of enormous quantities of sediment from the study area is assumed to postdate the LGM, possibly due to increased discharge rates during a wetter Lateglacial. Regardless of its timing, the intense incision is likely to have cut down to below the present floodplain evidently causing several mass wasting events in the study area. Since the early Holocene a number of short-term changes seem to have been responsible for the landscape evolution of the Quebrada de Purmamarca. More humid phases of pronounced slope smoothing have alternated with semi-arid phases of longer duration. The well-developed, polycyclic calcretes on top of the inactive terraces and alluvial fans give evidence for these changes. At present, the marked desert pavement on top of most terraces and alluvial fan surfaces prevent soil. The concentration of runoff on these pavements amplifies badland formation and alluvial fan activity along the terrace slopes. The presently observed floodplain aggradation may be attributed to these processes but considering the severe gullying reaching far into the upper study area, the aggradation may as well reflect a more general and regional trend.},
  subject      = {Quart{\"a}r},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Walz2004,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Walz, Yvonne},
  title     = {Measuring burn severity in forests of South-West Western Australia using MODIS},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14745},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Burn severity was measured within the Mediterranean sclerophyll forests of south-west Western Australia (WA) using remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The region of south-west WA is considered as a high fire prone landscape and is managed by the state government's Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM). Prescribed fuel reduction burning is used as a management tool in this region. The measurement of burn severity with remote sensing data focused on monitoring the success and impact of prescribed burning and wildfire in this environment. The high temporal resolution of MODIS with twice daily overpasses in this area was considered highly favourable, as opportunities for prescribed burning are temporally limited by climatic conditions. The Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) was investigated to measure burn severity in the forested area of south-west WA. This index has its heritage based on data from the Landsat TM/ETM+ sensors (Key and Benson, 1999 [1],[2]) and was transferred from Landsat to MODIS data. The measurement principally addresses the biomass consumption due to fire, whereas the change detected between the pre-fire image and the post-fire image is quantified by the {\"A}NBR. The NBR and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have been applied to MODIS and Landsat TM/ETM+ data. The spectral properties and the index values of the remote sensing data have been analysed within different burnt areas. The influence of atmospheric and BRDF effects on MODIS data has been investigated by comparing uncorrected top of atmosphere reflectance and atmospheric and BRDF corrected reflectance. The definition of burn severity classes has been established in a field trip to the study area. However, heterogeneous fire behaviour and patchy distribution of different vegetation structure made field classification difficult. Ground truth data has been collected in two different types of vegetation structure present in the burnt area. The burn severity measurement of high resolution Landsat data was assessed based on ground truth data. However, field data was not sufficient for rigorous validation of remote sensing data. The NBR index images of both sensors have been calibrated based on training areas in the high resolution Landsat image. The burn severity classifications of both sensors are comparable, which demonstrates the feasibility of a burn severity measurement using moderate spatial resolution 250m MODIS data. The normalisation through index calculation reduced atmospheric and BRDF effects, and thus MODIS top of at-mosphere data has been considered suitable for the burn severity measurement. The NBR could not be uniformly applied, as different structures of vegetation influenced the range of index values. Furthermore, the index was sensitive to variability in moisture content. However, the study concluded that the NBR on MODIS data is a useful measure of burn severity in the forested area of south-west WA.},
  subject      = {Westaustralien},
  language  = {en}
}