@article{RauchSalzwedelBjarnasonWehrensetal.2021, author = {Rauch, Bernhard and Salzwedel, Annett and Bjarnason-Wehrens, Birna and Albus, Christian and Meng, Karin and Schmid, Jean-Paul and Benzer, Werner and Hackbusch, Matthes and Jensen, Katrin and Schwaab, Bernhard and Altenberger, Johann and Benjamin, Nicola and Bestehorn, Kurt and Bongarth, Christa and D{\"o}rr, Gesine and Eichler, Sarah and Einwang, Hans-Peter and Falk, Johannes and Glatz, Johannes and Gielen, Stephan and Grilli, Maurizio and Gr{\"u}nig, Ekkehard and Guha, Manju and Hermann, Matthias and Hoberg, Eike and H{\"o}fer, Stefan and Kaemmerer, Harald and Ladwig, Karl-Heinz and Mayer-Berger, Wolfgang and Metzendorf, Maria-Inti and Nebel, Roland and Neidenbach, Rhoia Clara and Niebauer, Josef and Nixdorff, Uwe and Oberhoffer, Renate and Reibis, Rona and Reiss, Nils and Saure, Daniel and Schlitt, Axel and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and K{\"a}nel, Roland von and Weinbrenner, Susanne and Westphal, Ronja}, title = {Cardiac rehabilitation in German speaking countries of Europe — evidence-based guidelines from Germany, Austria and Switzerland LLKardReha-DACH — Part 1}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, number = {10}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm10102192}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239709}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Although cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is well accepted in general, CR-attendance and delivery still considerably vary between the European countries. Moreover, clinical and prognostic effects of CR are not well established for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The guidelines address all aspects of CR including indications, contents and delivery. By processing the guidelines, every step was externally supervised and moderated by independent members of the "Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany" (AWMF). Four meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of CR after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), after coronary bypass grafting (CABG), in patients with severe chronic systolic heart failure (HFrEF), and to define the effect of psychological interventions during CR. All other indications for CR-delivery were based on a predefined semi-structured literature search and recommendations were established by a formal consenting process including all medical societies involved in guideline generation. Results: Multidisciplinary CR is associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients after ACS and after CABG, whereas HFrEF-patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <40\%) especially benefit in terms of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Patients with other cardiovascular diseases also benefit from CR-participation, but the scientific evidence is less clear. There is increasing evidence that the beneficial effect of CR strongly depends on "treatment intensity" including medical supervision, treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, information and education, and a minimum of individually adapted exercise volume. Additional psychologic interventions should be performed on the basis of individual needs. Conclusions: These guidelines reinforce the substantial benefit of CR in specific clinical indications, but also describe remaining deficits in CR-delivery in clinical practice as well as in CR-science with respect to methodology and presentation.}, language = {en} } @article{WildeLiebLeichtetal.2021, author = {Wilde, Anne-Christin Beatrice and Lieb, Charlotte and Leicht, Elise and Greverath, Lena Maria and Steinhagen, Lara Marleen and Wald de Chamorro, Nina and Petersen, J{\"o}rg and Hofmann, Wolf Peter and Hinrichsen, Holger and Heyne, Renate and Berg, Thomas and Naumann, Uwe and Schwenzer, Jeannette and Vermehren, Johannes and Geier, Andreas and Tacke, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Tobias}, title = {Real-world clinical management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis — a retrospective multicenter study from Germany}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, number = {5}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm10051061}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234003}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Clinical practice guidelines for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have been recently revised and implemented for well-established response criteria to standard first-line ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy at 12 months after treatment initiation for the early identification of high-risk patients with inadequate treatment responses who may require treatment modification. However, there are only very limited data concerning the real-world clinical management of patients with PBC in Germany. Objective: The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate response rates to standard first-line UDCA therapy and subsequent Second-line treatment regimens in a large cohort of well-characterized patients with PBC from 10 independent hepatological referral centers in Germany prior to the introduction of obeticholic acid as a licensed second-line treatment option. Methods: Diagnostic confirmation of PBC, standard first-line UDCA treatment regimens and response rates at 12 months according to Paris-I, Paris-II, and Barcelona criteria, the follow-up cut-off alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 1.67 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and the normalization of bilirubin (bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN) were retrospectively examined between June 1986 and March 2017. The management and hitherto applied second-line treatment regimens in patients with an inadequate response to UDCA and subsequent response rates at 12 months were also evaluated. Results: Overall, 480 PBC patients were included in this study. The median UDCA dosage was 13.2 mg UDCA/kg bodyweight (BW)/d. Adequate UDCA treatment response rates according to Paris-I, Paris-II, and Barcelona criteria were observed in 91, 71.3, and 61.3\% of patients, respectively. In 83.8\% of patients, ALP ≤ 1.67 × ULN were achieved. A total of 116 patients (24.2\%) showed an inadequate response to UDCA according to at least one criterion. The diverse second-line treatment regimens applied led to significantly higher response rates according to Paris-II (35 vs. 60\%, p = 0.005), Barcelona (13 vs. 34\%, p = 0.0005), ALP ≤ 1.67 × ULN and bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN (52.1 vs. 75\%, p = 0.002). The addition of bezafibrates appeared to induce the strongest beneficial effect in this cohort (Paris II: 24 vs. 74\%, p = 0.004; Barcelona: 50 vs. 84\%, p = 0.046; ALP < 1.67 × ULN and bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN: 33 vs. 86\%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our large retrospective multicenter study confirms high response rates following UDCA first-line standard treatment in patients with PBC and highlights the need for close monitoring and early treatment modification in high-risk patients with an insufficient response to UDCA since early treatment modification significantly increases subsequent response rates of these patients.}, language = {en} } @article{PinznerKellerMutetal.2021, author = {Pinzner, Florian and Keller, Thorsten and Mut, J{\"u}rgen and Bechold, Julian and Seibel, J{\"u}rgen and Groll, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Polyoxazolines with a vicinally double-bioactivated terminus for biomacromolecular affinity assessment}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {9}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s21093153}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239530}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Interactions between proteins and carbohydrates with larger biomacromolecules, e.g., lectins, are usually examined using self-assembled monolayers on target gold surfaces as a simplified model measuring setup. However, most of those measuring setups are either limited to a single substrate or do not allow for control over ligand distance and spacing. Here, we develop a synthetic strategy, consisting of a cascade of a thioesterification, native chemical ligation (NCL) and thiol-ene reaction, in order to create three-component polymer conjugates with a defined double bioactivation at the chain end. The target architecture is the vicinal attachment of two biomolecule residues to the α telechelic end point of a polymer and a thioether group at the ω chain end for fixating the conjugate to a gold sensor chip surface. As proof-of-principle studies for affinity measurements, we demonstrate the interaction between covalently bound mannose and ConA in surface acoustic wave (SAW) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments.}, language = {en} } @article{GhazaryanRienowOldenburgetal.2021, author = {Ghazaryan, Gohar and Rienow, Andreas and Oldenburg, Carsten and Thonfeld, Frank and Trampnau, Birte and Sticksel, Sarah and J{\"u}rgens, Carsten}, title = {Monitoring of urban sprawl and densification processes in Western Germany in the light of SDG indicator 11.3.1 based on an automated retrospective classification approach}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {9}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13091694}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236671}, year = {2021}, abstract = {By 2050, two-third of the world's population will live in cities. In this study, we develop a framework for analyzing urban growth-related imperviousness in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) from the 1980s to date using Landsat data. For the baseline 2017-time step, official geodata was extracted to generate labelled data for ten classes, including three classes representing low, middle, and high level of imperviousness. We used the output of the 2017 classification and information based on radiometric bi-temporal change detection for retrospective classification. Besides spectral bands, we calculated several indices and various temporal composites, which were used as an input for Random Forest classification. The results provide information on three imperviousness classes with accuracies exceeding 75\%. According to our results, the imperviousness areas grew continuously from 1985 to 2017, with a high imperviousness area growth of more than 167,000 ha, comprising around 30\% increase. The information on the expansion of urban areas was integrated with population dynamics data to estimate the progress towards SDG 11. With the intensity analysis and the integration of population data, the spatial heterogeneity of urban expansion and population growth was analysed, showing that the urban expansion rates considerably excelled population growth rates in some regions in NRW. The study highlights the applicability of earth observation data for accurately quantifying spatio-temporal urban dynamics for sustainable urbanization and targeted planning.}, language = {en} } @article{RiyasSyedKumaretal.2021, author = {Riyas, Moidu Jameela and Syed, Tajdarul Hassan and Kumar, Hrishikesh and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {Detecting and analyzing the evolution of subsidence due to coal fires in Jharia coalfield, India using Sentinel-1 SAR data}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {8}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13081521}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236703}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Public safety and socio-economic development of the Jharia coalfield (JCF) in India is critically dependent on precise monitoring and comprehensive understanding of coal fires, which have been burning underneath for more than a century. This study utilizes New-Small BAseline Subset (N-SBAS) technique to compute surface deformation time series for 2017-2020 to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of coal fires in JCF. The line-of-sight (LOS) surface deformation estimated from ascending and descending Sentinel-1 SAR data are subsequently decomposed to derive precise vertical subsidence estimates. The most prominent subsidence (~22 cm) is observed in Kusunda colliery. The subsidence regions also correspond well with the Landsat-8 based thermal anomaly map and field evidence. Subsequently, the vertical surface deformation time-series is analyzed to characterize temporal variations within the 9.5 km\(^2\) area of coal fires. Results reveal that nearly 10\% of the coal fire area is newly formed, while 73\% persisted throughout the study period. Vulnerability analyses performed in terms of the susceptibility of the population to land surface collapse demonstrate that Tisra, Chhatatanr, and Sijua are the most vulnerable towns. Our results provide critical information for developing early warning systems and remediation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{DirscherlDietzKneiseletal.2021, author = {Dirscherl, Mariel and Dietz, Andreas J. and Kneisel, Christof and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {A novel method for automated supraglacial lake mapping in Antarctica using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery and deep learning}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {2}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13020197}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222998}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Supraglacial meltwater accumulation on ice sheets can be a main driver for accelerated ice discharge, mass loss, and global sea-level-rise. With further increasing surface air temperatures, meltwater-induced hydrofracturing, basal sliding, or surface thinning will cumulate and most likely trigger unprecedented ice mass loss on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. While the Greenland surface hydrological network as well as its impacts on ice dynamics and mass balance has been studied in much detail, Antarctic supraglacial lakes remain understudied with a circum-Antarctic record of their spatio-temporal development entirely lacking. This study provides the first automated supraglacial lake extent mapping method using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery over Antarctica and complements the developed optical Sentinel-2 supraglacial lake detection algorithm presented in our companion paper. In detail, we propose the use of a modified U-Net for semantic segmentation of supraglacial lakes in single-polarized Sentinel-1 imagery. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is implemented with residual connections for optimized performance as well as an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) module for multiscale feature extraction. The algorithm is trained on 21,200 Sentinel-1 image patches and evaluated in ten spatially or temporally independent test acquisitions. In addition, George VI Ice Shelf is analyzed for intra-annual lake dynamics throughout austral summer 2019/2020 and a decision-level fused Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 maximum lake extent mapping product is presented for January 2020 revealing a more complete supraglacial lake coverage (~770 km\(^2\)) than the individual single-sensor products. Classification results confirm the reliability of the proposed workflow with an average Kappa coefficient of 0.925 and a F\(_1\)-score of 93.0\% for the supraglacial water class across all test regions. Furthermore, the algorithm is applied in an additional test region covering supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet which further highlights the potential for spatio-temporal transferability. Future work involves the integration of more training data as well as intra-annual analyses of supraglacial lake occurrence across the whole continent and with focus on supraglacial lake development throughout a summer melt season and into Antarctic winter.}, language = {en} } @article{BuddeHassounTangosetal.2021, author = {Budde, Heidi and Hassoun, Roua and Tangos, Melina and Zhazykbayeva, Saltanat and Herwig, Melissa and Varatnitskaya, Marharyta and Sieme, Marcel and Delalat, Simin and Sultana, Innas and Kolijn, Detmar and G{\"o}m{\"o}ri, Kamilla and Jarkas, Muhammad and L{\´o}di, M{\´a}ria and Jaquet, Kornelia and Kov{\´a}cs, {\´A}rp{\´a}d and Mannherz, Hans Georg and Sequeira, Vasco and M{\"u}gge, Andreas and Leichert, Lars I. and Sossalla, Samuel and Hamdani, Nazha}, title = {The interplay between S-glutathionylation and phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I and myosin binding protein C in end-stage human failing hearts}, series = {Antioxidants}, volume = {10}, journal = {Antioxidants}, number = {7}, issn = {2076-3921}, doi = {10.3390/antiox10071134}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242701}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the antioxidant defense system and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). At low levels, ROS are involved in the regulation of redox signaling for cell protection. However, upon chronical increase in oxidative stress, cell damage occurs, due to protein, DNA and lipid oxidation. Here, we investigated the oxidative modifications of myofilament proteins, and their role in modulating cardiomyocyte function in end-stage human failing hearts. We found altered maximum Ca\(^{2+}\)-activated tension and Ca\(^{2+}\) sensitivity of force production of skinned single cardiomyocytes in end-stage human failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts, which was corrected upon treatment with reduced glutathione enzyme. This was accompanied by the increased oxidation of troponin I and myosin binding protein C, and decreased levels of protein kinases A (PKA)- and C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of both proteins. The Ca\(^{2+}\) sensitivity and maximal tension correlated strongly with the myofilament oxidation levels, hypo-phosphorylation, and oxidative stress parameters that were measured in all the samples. Furthermore, we detected elevated titin-based myocardial stiffness in HF myocytes, which was reversed by PKA and reduced glutathione enzyme treatment. Finally, many oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were significantly elevated in failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts, and corrected upon treatment with the anti-oxidant GSH enzyme. Here, we provide evidence that the altered mechanical properties of failing human cardiomyocytes are partially due to phosphorylation, S-glutathionylation, and the interplay between the two post-translational modifications, which contribute to the development of heart failure.}, language = {en} } @article{KirschKundeHerbort2021, author = {Kirsch, Wladimir and Kunde, Wilfried and Herbort, Oliver}, title = {Impact of proprioception on the perceived size and distance of external objects in a virtual action task}, series = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, volume = {28}, journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, number = {4}, issn = {1531-5320}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-021-01915-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273235}, pages = {1191-1201}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Previous research has revealed changes in the perception of objects due to changes of object-oriented actions. In present study, we varied the arm and finger postures in the context of a virtual reaching and grasping task and tested whether this manipulation can simultaneously affect the perceived size and distance of external objects. Participants manually controlled visual cursors, aiming at reaching and enclosing a distant target object, and judged the size and distance of this object. We observed that a visual-proprioceptive discrepancy introduced during the reaching part of the action simultaneously affected the judgments of target distance and of target size (Experiment 1). A related variation applied to the grasping part of the action affected the judgments of size, but not of distance of the target (Experiment 2). These results indicate that perceptual effects observed in the context of actions can directly arise through sensory integration of multimodal redundant signals and indirectly through perceptual constancy mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{KlaffehnSellmannKirschetal.2021, author = {Klaffehn, Annika L. and Sellmann, Florian B. and Kirsch, Wladimir and Kunde, Wilfried and Pfister, Roland}, title = {Temporal binding as multisensory integration: Manipulating perceptual certainty of actions and their effects}, series = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics}, volume = {83}, journal = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics}, number = {8}, issn = {1943-393X}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-021-02314-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273195}, pages = {3135-3145}, year = {2021}, abstract = {It has been proposed that statistical integration of multisensory cues may be a suitable framework to explain temporal binding, that is, the finding that causally related events such as an action and its effect are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. A multisensory approach to temporal binding construes actions and effects as individual sensory signals, which are each perceived with a specific temporal precision. When they are integrated into one multimodal event, like an action-effect chain, the extent to which they affect this event's perception depends on their relative reliability. We test whether this assumption holds true in a temporal binding task by manipulating certainty of actions and effects. Two experiments suggest that a relatively uncertain sensory signal in such action-effect sequences is shifted more towards its counterpart than a relatively certain one. This was especially pronounced for temporal binding of the action towards its effect but could also be shown for effect binding. Other conceptual approaches to temporal binding cannot easily explain these results, and the study therefore adds to the growing body of evidence endorsing a multisensory approach to temporal binding.}, language = {en} } @article{Kirsch2021, author = {Kirsch, Wladimir}, title = {On the relevance of task instructions for the influence of action on perception}, series = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics}, volume = {83}, journal = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics}, number = {6}, issn = {1943-393X}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-021-02309-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273185}, pages = {2625-2633}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The present study explored how task instructions mediate the impact of action on perception. Participants saw a target object while performing finger movements. Then either the size of the target or the size of the adopted finger postures was judged. The target judgment was attracted by the adopted finger posture indicating sensory integration of body-related and visual signals. The magnitude of integration, however, depended on how the task was initially described. It was substantially larger when the experimental instructions indicated that finger movements and the target object relate to the same event than when they suggested that they are unrelated. This outcome highlights the role of causal inference processes in the emergence of action specific influences in perception.}, language = {en} }