@article{KruegerBuchta1980,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Hans-Peter and Buchta, Herbert},
  title     = {Nichtparametrischer Vergleich von Testprofilen und Verlaufskurven bei unabh{\"a}ngigen Stichproben},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41513},
  year      = {1980},
  abstract  = {Werden k Testwerte an zwei oder mehreren Stichproben von Pbn erhoben, stellt sich das Problem des Vergleichs von Testprofilen. {\"A}hnliche Fragen treten auf, wenn statt k verschiedenen Testwerten ein Meßwert zu k Zeitpunkten an einem Pb erhoben wird. Zur Auswertung dieser Fragestellung wird ein Vorgehen nach dem WILCOXON-Rangsummentest vorgeschlagen, der es erlaubt (1) Unterschiede aller Art (2) Unterschiede in der Lage und (3) Unterschiede in der Form der Profile zu pr{\"u}fen. Das Vorgehen wird an einem Beispiel aufgezeigt. Erweiterungen auf andere F{\"a}lle werden diskutiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BonteHovestadtPoethke2008,
  author    = {Bonte, Dries and Hovestadt, Thomas and Poethke, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Male-killing endosymbionts: influence of environmental conditions on persistance of host metapopulation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45344},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Background: Male killing endosymbionts manipulate their arthropod host reproduction by only allowing female embryos to develop into infected females and killing all male offspring. Because of the reproductive manipulation, we expect them to have an effect on the evolution of host dispersal rates. In addition, male killing endosymbionts are expected to approach fixation when fitness of infected individuals is larger than that of uninfected ones and when transmission from mother to offspring is nearly perfect. They then vanish as the host population crashes. High observed infection rates and among-population variation in natural systems can consequently not be explained if defense mechanisms are absent and when transmission efficiency is perfect. Results: By simulating the host-endosymbiont dynamics in an individual-based metapopulation model we show that male killing endosymbionts increase host dispersal rates. No fitness compensations were built into the model for male killing endosymbionts, but they spread as a group beneficial trait. Host and parasite populations face extinction under panmictic conditions, i.e. conditions that favor the evolution of high dispersal in hosts. On the other hand, deterministic 'curing' (only parasite goes extinct) can occur under conditions of low dispersal, e.g. under low environmental stochasticity and high dispersal mortality. However, high and stable infection rates can be maintained in metapopulations over a considerable spectrum of conditions favoring intermediate levels of dispersal in the host. Conclusion: Male killing endosymbionts without explicit fitness compensation spread as a group selected trait into a metapopulation. Emergent feedbacks through increased evolutionary stable dispersal rates provide an alternative explanation for both, the high male-killing endosymbiont infection rates and the high among-population variation in local infection rates reported for some natural systems.},
  subject      = {Metapopulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BonteHovestadtPoethke2009,
  author    = {Bonte, Dries and Hovestadt, Thomas and Poethke, Hans Joachim},
  title     = {Sex-specific dispersal and evolutionary rescue in metapopulations infected by male killing endosymbionts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45351},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Background: Male killing endosymbionts manipulate their arthropod host reproduction by only allowing female embryos to develop into infected females and killing all male offspring. Because the resulting change in sex ratio is expected to affect the evolution of sex-specific dispersal, we investigated under which environmental conditions strong sex-biased dispersal would emerge, and how this would affect host and endosymbiont metapopulation persistence. Results: We simulated host-endosymbiont metapopulation dynamics in an individual-based model, in which dispersal rates are allowed to evolve independently for the two sexes. Prominent male-biased dispersal emerges under conditions of low environmental stochasticity and high dispersal mortality. By applying a reshuffling algorithm, we show that kin-competition is a major driver of this evolutionary pattern because of the high within-population relatedness of males compared to those of females. Moreover, the evolution of sex-specific dispersal rescues metapopulations from extinction by (i) reducing endosymbiont fixation rates and (ii) by enhancing the extinction of endosymbionts within metapopulations that are characterized by low environmental stochasticity. Conclusion: Male killing endosymbionts induce the evolution of sex-specific dispersal, with prominent male-biased dispersal under conditions of low environmental stochasticity and high dispersal mortality. This male-biased dispersal emerges from stronger kin-competition in males compared to females and induces an evolutionary rescue mechanism.},
  subject      = {Metapopulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrosHovestadtPoethke2006,
  author    = {Gros, Andreas and Hovestadt, Thomas and Poethke, Hans Joachim},
  title     = {Evolution of local adaptions in dispersal strategies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45406},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The optimal probability and distance of dispersal largely depend on the risk to end up in unsuitable habitat. This risk is highest close to the habitat's edge and consequently, optimal dispersal probability and distance should decline towards the habitat's border. This selection should lead to the emergence of spatial gradients in dispersal strategies. However, gene flow caused by dispersal itself is counteracting local adaptation. Using an individual based model we investigate the evolution of local adaptations of dispersal probability and distance within a single, circular, habitat patch. We compare evolved dispersal probabilities and distances for six different dispersal kernels (two negative exponential kernels, two skewed kernels, nearest neighbour dispersal and global dispersal) in patches of different size. For all kernels a positive correlation between patch size and dispersal probability emerges. However, a minimum patch size is necessary to allow for local adaptation of dispersal strategies within patches. Beyond this minimum patch area the difference in mean dispersal distance between center and edge increases linearly with patch radius, but the intensity of local adaptation depends on the dispersal kernel. Except for global and nearest neighbour dispersal, the evolved spatial pattern are qualitatively similar for both, mean dispersal probability and distance. We conclude, that inspite of the gene-flow originating from dispersal local adaptation of dispersal strategies is possible if a habitat is of sufficient size. This presumably holds for any realistic type of dispersal kernel.},
  subject      = {Ausbreitung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ObermaierHeisswolfRandlkoferetal.2006,
  author    = {Obermaier, Elisabeth and Heisswolf, Annette and Randlkofer, B. and Meiners, T.},
  title     = {Enemies in low places - insects avoid winter mortality and egg parasitism by modulating oviposition height},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48200},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Oviposition site selection in insects is essential in terms of low egg mortality, high offspring survival and therefore a high reproductive output. Although oviposition height could be a crucial factor for the fitness of overwintering eggs, it has rarely been investigated. In this study the oviposition height of a polyphagous leaf beetle, Galeruca tanaceti Linnaeus in different habitats and at different times of the season was examined and its effect on egg clutch mortality was recorded. The leaf beetle occurs as an occasional pest on several agricultural plants. It deposits its eggs within herbaceous vegetation in autumn. Eggs are exposed to numerous biotic and abiotic mortality factors summarized as egg parasitism and winter mortality. Oviposition height of the leaf beetle was not uniform, but changed significantly with the structure of the habitat and during the season. Mean oviposition height per site (70.2±4.9 cm) was significantly higher than mean vegetation height (28.4±2.4 cm). Height of plants with egg clutches attached and oviposition height were significantly positively correlated. The results suggest that females try to oviposit as high as possible in the vegetation and on the plants selected. In accordance with this, the probability of egg parasitism and of winter egg clutch mortality significantly declined with increasing oviposition height. A preference of G. tanaceti for oviposition sites high up in the vegetation might therefore have evolved due to selection pressures by parasitoids and winter mortality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HovestadtMitesserElmesetal.2007,
  author    = {Hovestadt, Thomas and Mitesser, Oliver and Elmes, Graham and Thomas, Jeremy A. and Hochberg, Michael E.},
  title     = {An Evolutionarily Stable Strategy model for the evolution of dimorphic development in the butterfly Maculinea rebeli, a social parasite of Myrmica Ant Colonies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48165},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Caterpillars of the butterfly Maculinea rebeli develop as parasites inside ant colonies. In intensively studied French populations, about 25\% of caterpillars mature within 1 year (fast-developing larvae [FDL]) and the others after 2 years (slow-developing larvae [SDL]); all available evidence indicates that this ratio is under the control of egg-laying females. We present an analytical model to predict the evolutionarily stable fraction of FDL (pESS). The model accounts for added winter mortality of SDL, general and kin competition among caterpillars, a competitive advantage of SDL over newly entering FDL (priority effect), and the avoidance of renewed infection of ant nests by butterflies in the coming season (segregation). We come to the following conclusions: (1) all factors listed above can promote the evolution of delayed development; (2) kin competition and segregation stabilize pESS near 0.5; and (3) a priority effect is the only mechanism potentially selecting for. However, given the empirical data, pESS is predicted to fall closer to 0.5 than to the 0.25 that has been observed. In this particular system, bet hedging cannot explain why more than 50\% of larvae postpone growth. Presumably, other fitness benefits for SDL, for example, higher fertility or longevity, also contribute to the evolution of delayed development. The model presented here may be of general applicability for systems where maturing individuals compete in small subgroups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoethkePfenningHovestadt2007,
  author    = {Poethke, Hans J. and Pfenning, Brenda and Hovestadt, Thomas},
  title     = {The relative contribution of individual and kin selection to the evolution of density-dependent dispersal rates},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48225},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Questions: What are the relative contributions of kin selection and individual selection to the evolution of dispersal rates in fragmented landscapes? How do environmental parameters influence the relative contributions of both evolutionary forces? Features of the model: Individual-based simulation model of a metapopulation. Logistic local growth dynamics and density-dependent dispersal. An optional shuffling algorithm allows the continuous destruction of any genetic structure in the metapopulation. Ranges of key variables: Depending on dispersal mortality (0.05-0.4) and the strength of environmental fluctuations, mean dispersal probability varied between 0.05 and 0.5. Conclusions: For local population sizes of 100 individuals, kin selection alone could account for dispersal probabilities of up to 0.1. It may result in a ten-fold increase of optimal dispersal rates compared with those predicted on the basis of individual selection alone. Such a substantial contribution of kin selection to dispersal is restricted to cases where the overall dispersal probabilities are small (textless 0.1). In the latter case, as much as 30\% of the total fitness of dispersing individuals could arise from the increased reproduction of kin left in the natal patch.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HovestadtPoethkeMessner2000,
  author    = {Hovestadt, Thomas and Poethke, Hans J. and Messner, Stefan},
  title     = {Variability in dispersal distances generates typical successional patterns: a simple simulation model},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48178},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {More recently, it became clear that conclusions drawn from traditional ecological theory may be altered substantially if the spatial dimension of species interactions is considered explicitly. Regardless of the details of these models, spatially explicit simulations of ecological processes have nearly universally shown that spatial or spatio-temporal patterns in species distributions can emerge even from homogeneous starting conditions; limited dispersal is one of the key factors responsible for the development of such aggregated and patchy distributions (cf., Pacala 1986, Holmes et al. 1994, Molofsky 1994, Tilman 1994, Bascompte and Sole 1995, 1997, 1998, Jeltsch et al. 1999). In line with these ideas, we wish to draw attention to the fact that in heterogeneous landscapes differences in characteristic dispersal distances between species are a sufficient precondition for the emergence of a successional pattern. We will use a simple, spatially explicit simulation program to demonstrate the validity of this statement. We will also show that the speed of the successional progress depends on scale and heterogeneity in the distribution of suitable habitat.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bach1989,
  author    = {Bach, Ulrich},
  title     = {Oral rhetoric in writings for a mixed literate and illiterate audience},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47124},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Krueger1988,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, H.-P.},
  title     = {Psychologische Charakteristika der "D{\"u}ker-Aufgabe" oder "Was ist die Leistung an der Leistung?"},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41460},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {In den Experimenten H. D{\"u}kers haben die Vpn regelhaft sehr viele sehr einfache hochge{\"u}bte T{\"a}tigkeiten auszuf{\"u}hren. Wird dies durch das Einf{\"u}hren von Zusatzaufgaben kompliziert, kann eine Steigerung der Leistung resultieren (erkl{\"a}rt etwa durch "Reaktive Anspannungssteigerung") oder eine Minderung (wie f{\"u}r das "Unterschwellige Wollen" gezeigt). Eine n{\"a}here Analyse der D{\"u}ker-Aufgabe zeigt, daß die Variable "Arbeitsrhythmus" f{\"u}r diesen Unterschied verantwortlich ist. Wird dieser Rhythmus {\"u}ber eine externe Quelle gegeben oder kann eine Zusatzaufgabe in den vorhandenen Rhythmus integriert werden, resultiert eine Verbesserung. Treten zwei inkompatible Rhythmen in einer Situation auf, resultiert ein drastischer Leistungseinbruch. Diese Systematik wird am pharmakopsychologischen Beispiel einer Statistik {\"u}ber Verkehrsunf{\"a}lle unter Alkoholeinfluß diskutiert.},
  language  = {de}
}