@phdthesis{SchellergebBirkholz2020,
  author    = {Scheller [geb. Birkholz], Inga},
  title     = {Studies on the role of actin-binding proteins in platelet production and function in mice},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16858},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168582},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Platelet activation and aggregation at sites of vascular injury involves massive cytoskeletal re-organization, which is required for proper platelet function. Moreover, the cytoskeleton plays central roles in megakaryo- and thrombopoiesis. Thus, cytoskeletal protein aberrations can be the underlying reason for many pathological phenotypes. Although intensive research is carried out to identify the key players involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, the signaling cascades orchestrating these complex processes are still poorly understood. This thesis investigates the role of three actin-binding proteins, Coactosin-like (Cotl) 1, Profilin (Pfn) 1 and Thymosin (T) β4, in platelet formation and function using genetically modified mice. ADF-H-containing proteins such as Twinfilin or Cofilin are well characterized as regulators of thrombopoesis and cytoskeletal reorganization. Although Cotl1 belongs to the ADF-H protein family, lack of Cotl1 did not affect platelet count or cytoskeletal dynamics. However, Cotl1-deficiency resulted in significant protection from arterial thrombus formation and ischemic stroke in vivo. Defective GPIb-vWF interactions and altered second wave mediator release present potential reasons for the beneficial effect of Cotl1-deficiency. These results reveal an unexpected function of Cotl1 as a regulator of thrombosis and hemostasis, establishing it as a potential target for a safe therapeutic therapy to prevent arterial thrombosis or ischemic stroke. Recent studies showed that the organization of the circumferential actin cytoskeleton modulates calpain-mediated αIIbβ3 integrin closure, thereby also controlling αIIbβ3 integrin localization. The second part of this thesis identified the actin-sequestering protein Pfn1 as a central regulator of platelet integrin function as Pfn1-deficient platelets displayed almost abolished αIIbβ3 integrin signaling. This translated into a profound protection from arterial thrombus formation and prolonged tail bleeding times in vivo which was caused by enhanced calpain-dependent integrin closure. These findings further emphasize the importance of a functional actin cytoskeleton for intact platelet function in vitro and in vivo. Tβ4 is a moonlighting protein, acting as one of the major actin-sequestering proteins in cells of higher eukaryotes and exerting various paracrine functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic effects. Although excessively studied, its role for cytoskeletal dynamics, the distinction between endo- and exogenous protein function and its uptake and release mechanisms are still poorly understood. Constitutive Tβ4-deficiency resulted in thrombocytopenia accompanied by a largely diminished G-actin pool in platelets and divergent effects on platelet reactivity. Pre-incubation of platelets with recombinant Tβ4 will help to understand the function of endo- and exogenous protein, which is under current investigation.},
  subject      = {Thrombozyt},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Volz2020,
  author    = {Volz, Julia},
  title     = {Studies on the influence of platelets on vascular integrity in primary tumors and the role of BIN2 in platelet calcium signaling},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21742},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217427},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Maintenance of tumor vasculature integrity is indispensable for tumor growth and thus affects tumor progression. Previous studies have identified platelets as major regulators of tumor vascular integrity, as their depletion selectively renders tumor vessels highly permeable, causing massive intratumoral hemorrhage. While these results establish platelets as potential targets for anti-tumor therapy, depletion is not a treatment option due to the essential role of platelets for hemostasis. This thesis demonstrates for the first time that functional inhibition of glycoprotein (GP) VI on the platelet surface rapidly induces tumor hemorrhage and diminishes tumor growth similar to complete platelet depletion but without inducing systemic bleeding complications. Both, the intratumoral bleeding and tumor growth arrest could be reverted by depletion of Ly6G+ cells confirming them to be responsible for the induction of bleeding and necrosis within the tumor. In addition, GPVI inhibition increased intra-tumoral accumulation of co-administered chemotherapeutic agents, thereby resulting in a profound anti-tumor effect. In summary, this thesis manifests platelet GPVI as a key regulator of vascular integrity specifically in growing tumors, serving as a potential basis for the development of anti-tumor strategies. In the second part of this thesis, light is shed on the modulating role of bridging integrator 2 (BIN2) in platelet Ca2+ signaling. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) mediated store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the major route of Ca2+ influx in platelets, triggered by inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-dependent Ca2+ store release. In this thesis, the BAR domain superfamily member BIN2 was identified as the first Ca2+ signaling modulator, interacting with both, STIM1 and IP3R in platelets. Deletion of BIN2 resulted in reduced Ca2+ store release and Ca2+ influx in response to all tested platelet agonists. These defects were a consequence of impaired IP3R function in combination with defective STIM1-mediated SOC channel activation, while Ca2+ store content and agonist-induced IP3 production were unaltered. These results establish BIN2 as a central regulator of platelet Ca2+ signaling. The third part of this thesis focuses on the effect of the soluble neuronal guidance protein Sema7A on platelet function. Rosenberger et al. discovered that Sema7A cleavage from red blood cells increases the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes, thereby reinforcing thrombo-inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). This thesis establishes soluble Sema7A as a stimulator of platelet thrombus formation via its interaction with platelet GPIbα, thereby reinforcing PNC formation. Thus, interfering with the GPIb-Sema7A interaction during MIRI represents a potential strategy to reduce cardiac damage and improve clinical outcome following MI.},
  subject      = {Thrombozyt},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Surrey2020,
  author    = {Surrey, Verena},
  title     = {Identification of affected cellular targets, mechanisms and signaling pathways in a mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-17638},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176386},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a fatal monogenic motoneuron disease in children with unknown etiology caused by mutations in the immunoglobulin μ-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene coding for DNA/RNA ATPase/helicase. Despite detailed knowledge of the underlying genetic changes, the cellular mechanisms leading to this disease are not well understood. In the Nmd2J ("neuromuscular disorder") mouse, the mouse model for the juvenile form of SMARD1 patients, in which similar pathological features as diaphragmatic paralysis and skeletal muscle atrophy are observed. Ex vivo studies in Nmd2J mice showed that loss of the motor axon precedes atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle and does not correlate with neurotransmission defects in the motor endplate. The already described independent myogenic anomalies in the diaphragm and heart of the Nmd2J mouse raised the question whether spinal motoneuron degeneration develops cell autonomously. Ighmbp2 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and seems to bind to ribosomes and polysomes, suggesting a role in mRNA metabolism. In this Ph.D. thesis, morphological and functional analyses of isolated Ighmbp2-deficient (Ighmbp2-def.) motoneurons were performed to answer the question whether the SMARD1 phenotype results from dysregulation of protein biosynthesis. Ighmbp2-deficient motoneurons show only negligible morphological alterations with respect to a slight increase in axonal branches. This observation is consistent with only minor changes of transcriptome based on RNA sequencing data from Ighmbp2-deficient motoneurons. Only the mRNA of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) showed significant up-regulation in Ighmbp2-deficient motoneurons. Furthermore, no global aberrations at the translational level could be detected using pulsed SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in cell culture), AHA (L-azidohomoalanine) labeling and SUnSET (SUrface SEnsing of Translation) methods. However, a reduced β-actin protein level was observed at the growth cones of Ighmbp2-deficient motoneurons, which was accompanied with a reduced level of Imp1 protein, a known β-actin mRNA interactor. Live-cell imaging studies using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed translational down-regulation of eGFPmyr-β-actin 3'UTR mRNA in the growth cones and the cell bodies, although the amount of β-actin mRNA and the total protein amount in Ighmbp2-deficient motoneurons showed no aberrations. This compartment-specific reduction of β-actin protein occurred independently of a non-existent direct IGHMBPF2 binding to β-actin mRNA. Fgfr1, which was upregulated on the RNA level, did not show an increased protein amount in Ighmbp2-deficient motoneurons, whereas a reduced amount could be detected. Interestingly, a correlation could be found between the reduced amount of the Imp1 protein and the increased Fgfr1 mRNA, since the IMP1 protein binds the FGFR1 mRNA and thus could influence the transport and translation of FGFR1 mRNA. In summary, all data suggest that Ighmbp2 deficiency leads to a local but modest disturbance of protein biosynthesis, which might contribute to the motoneuron defects of SMARD1.},
  subject      = {Spinale Muskelatrophie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lu2020,
  author    = {Lu, Yunzhi},
  title     = {Kinetics of mouse and human muscle type nicotinic receptor channels},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-19268},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192688},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Acetylcholine (ACh) mediates transmission at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and many other synapses. The postsynaptic ACh receptors at neuromuscular junctions are of the nicotinic subtype (nAChRs). They are among the best studied receptor channels and often serve as models or receptor prototypes. Despite a wealth of information on muscle type nAChRs so far little is known about species specific functional differences. In this work, mouse and human adult muscle type nAChRs are investigated. Cell attached recordings in the HEK293T heterologous expression system provided evidence that the ACh affinity of recombinant mouse and human adult muscle type nAChRs are different. To clarify this, I compared these receptors in outside-out patches employing a system for fast agonist application. Thus, the individual membrane patches with receptors can be exposed to various ligand concentrations. In response to 10 and 30 µM ACh normalized peak currents ({\^i}) were significantly larger and current rise-time (tr) shorter in human than in mouse receptors. Analyzing dose-response curves of {\^i} and tr and fitting them with a two-step equivalent binding-site kinetic mechanism revealed a two-fold higher ACh association rate constant in human compared to mouse receptors. Furthermore, human nAChRs were blocked faster in outside-out patches by superfusion of 300 nM α-Bungarotoxin (α-Bgtx) than mouse nAChRs. Finally, human nAChRs in outside-out patches showed higher affinity at 3 µM ACh than chimeric receptors consisting of mouse α- and human β-, γ- and ε-subunits. The higher affinity of human than mouse receptors for ACh and α-Bgtx is thus at least in part due to sequence difference in their α-subunits.},
  subject      = {Nicotinischer Acetylcholinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Riedl2021,
  author    = {Riedl, Katharina Alina},
  title     = {Optimierung und Validierung einer MRT-Messmethode zur Quantifizierung der Wandschubspannung in arteriellen Gef{\"a}ßen zur Evaluation der atherosklerotischen Plaqueentwicklung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23081},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230814},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen stellen weiterhin die Todesursache Nummer eins in Deutschland dar, welche haupts{\"a}chlich durch Atherosklerose verursacht werden. Als ein Pr{\"a}diktor der atherosklerotischen Plaqueentwicklung wird die Wandschubspannung (WSS) diskutiert. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, anhand von Flussphantomen und C57bl/6 M{\"a}usen eine 2D-Gradientenecho-Bildgebungsmethode mit einer 3D-Phasenkontrast-Flusskodierung zu optimieren und anschließend eine longitudinale Kleintierstudie mit ApoE-/- M{\"a}usen durchzuf{\"u}hren, um den Zusammenhang der WSS und der atherosklerotischen Plaqueentwicklung n{\"a}her zu untersuchen. Zun{\"a}chst wurden Flussphantome mit einem Schlauchdurchmesser von 4 mm und 1 mm zur Optimierung der Messmethode verwendet. Anschließend wurde die Messmethode weiter angepasst, um in vivo Messungen an C57bl/6 M{\"a}usen durchf{\"u}hren zu k{\"o}nnen. Nach erfolgter Optimierung wurde eine longitudinale Kleintierstudie mit zwei verschiedenen Di{\"a}ten, Western Di{\"a}t und Chow Di{\"a}t, durchgef{\"u}hrt. Im Rahmen der Studie erfolgten nach einer, acht und zw{\"o}lf Wochen MR-Messungen sowie histologische Analysen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Wandschubspannung in M{\"a}usen bei 17,6 Tesla quantifiziert werden kann. Es zeigte sich eine Tendenz, dass Plaqueformationen mit einer h{\"o}heren Wandschubspannung einhergehen.},
  subject      = {Wandschubspannung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Stadler2021,
  author    = {Stadler, David},
  title     = {Studien zur Inflammation und neuronalem Schaden in genetischen Modellen von progredienter Multipler Sklerose},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23692},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236923},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Multiple Sklerose ist eine der h{\"a}ufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen, die zu motorischen, sensiblen und vegetativen Einschr{\"a}nkungen f{\"u}hrt. H{\"a}ufig beginnt die Erkrankung mit einem schubf{\"o}rmigen Verlauf, dem eine progrediente Verschlechterung folgt. Trotzdem leiden ca. 15\% der Patienten bereits von Beginn an, an einer prim{\"a}r progressiven Variante der MS, die bereits mit der progredienten Phase beginnt. Bis jetzt ist die Pathophysiologie nicht vollst{\"a}ndig verstanden. Lange Zeit dachte man, dass MS prim{\"a}r eine reine Autoimmun-Erkrankung darstellt, aber in den letzten Jahren ergab sich die Frage, ob es vor allem in den progressiven Formen, eine zytodegenerative Komponente gibt, auf die eine sekund{\"a}re Inflammation folgt. Eine m{\"o}gliche Ursache stellen hier Mutationen des PLP 1 Gens dar, die normalerweise mit leukodystrophischen Erkrankungen assoziiert sind. Es gab zwei Fallberichte, in denen von Patienten berichtet wurde, die unterschiedliche Mutationen in diesem Gen hatten und den klinischen Ph{\"a}notyp einer MS zeigten. Diese Arbeit sollte nun die Auswirkungen der Mutationen, beziehungsweise einer Nullmutation des PLP 1 Gens in 18- und zum Teil 12-Monate alten Mausmutanten untersuchen. Hier konnten Myelin-Ver{\"a}nderungen und axonaler Schaden in immunhistochemischen Untersuchungen sowie mittels Elektronenmikroskopie und optischer Koh{\"a}renztomographie gezeigt werden. Weiter konnte eine Neuroinflammation und damit einhergehend eine zunehmende Anzahl CD8+ T-Zellen sowie einer erh{\"o}hten Anzahl an Mikroglia/Makrophagen gefunden werden. Dies ging mit vergleichsweise reduzierten Leistungen der Mutanten bei der motorischen Rotarod-Analyse einher. Interessanterweise wurde weniger neuraler Schaden in den heterozygoten Varianten gefunden, obwohl das Ausmaß der Entz{\"u}ndung gleichblieb. Dies k{\"o}nnte f{\"u}r eine zielgerichtete immunvermittelte Sch{\"a}digung der Oligodendrozyten sprechen, die zu neuronalem Schaden f{\"u}hrt. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass es durch Punktmutationen in einem Myelinprotein-codierendem Gen zu einer sekund{\"a}ren Entz{\"u}ndung kommen kann, die mit dem klinischen Ph{\"a}notyp einer progressiven MS einhergeht. Weiter sind diese Mausmodelle ein Beispiel f{\"u}r eine genetische Erkrankung des ZNS, in denen die Klinik maßgeblich durch die begleitende Inflammation und nicht allein durch den genetischen Schaden verursacht wird.},
  subject      = {Multiple Sklerose},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Auth2021,
  author    = {Auth, Charlotte Sophie},
  title     = {Die Auswirkungen von Tph2-Defizienz und negativen fr{\"u}hen Umwelterfahrungen auf Angstverhalten in weiblichen M{\"a}usen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23948},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239488},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Angsterkrankungen geh{\"o}ren zu den am weitesten verbreiteten psychischen Erkrankungen und stellen eine betr{\"a}chtliche soziale und wirtschaftliche Herausforderung f{\"u}r unsere Gesellschaft dar. Aversive fr{\"u}he Erfahrungen sind ein bekannter Risikofaktor f{\"u}r die Entwicklung verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen, insbesondere Angstst{\"o}rungen. W{\"a}hrend der fr{\"u}hen Entwicklung findet die Programmierung der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden- (HHN)-Achse, die die Aussch{\"u}ttung des Stresshormons Cortisol in Menschen bzw. Corticosteron in M{\"a}usen steuert, statt. Wenn Individuen in dieser kritischen Phase Stress ausgesetzt sind, wird die regelrechte Ausbildung der HHN-Achse gest{\"o}rt, was zu dysregulierten Verhaltensantworten auf Stressreize im sp{\"a}teren Leben f{\"u}hren kann. Das Serotonin (5-HT)-System als eines der ausgedehntesten Neurotransmittersysteme ist an der Vermittlung der Effekte von fr{\"u}her Stressexposition auf angst{\"a}hnliche Verhaltensweisen beteiligt. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Interaktion zwischen genetischer Pr{\"a}disposition und negativen Einfl{\"u}ssen in fr{\"u}hen Entwicklungsstadien auf die Ausbildung von Angstverhalten im Erwachsenenalter n{\"a}her zu beleuchten. In dieser Studie wurden Tryptophanhydroxylase 2 (Tph2)-defiziente weibliche M{\"a}use als Modell f{\"u}r ein lebenslanges konstitutives 5-HT Synthesedefizit im zentralen Nervensystem verwendet. Nachkommen dieser Mauslinie wurden im fr{\"u}hen Lebensalter Maternaler Separation (MS), d.h. einem m{\"u}tterlichen Trennungsparadigma, unterzogen und im Erwachsenenalter im „Open field" (OF) oder in der „Dark-light box" (DLB) getestet. Im Anschluss an die Verhaltensexperimente wurde die neuronale Aktivierung immunhistochemisch durch Darstellung des fr{\"u}hzeitig auftretenden Genprodukts c-Fos bestimmt. In der DLB zeigten homozygot Tph2-defiziente M{\"a}use eine verringerte motorische Aktivit{\"a}t im hellen Kompartiment, und dieser Effekt konnte durch MS normalisiert werden. Zus{\"a}tzlich verst{\"a}rkte MS bei diesem Genotyp das Auftreten von fluchtartigen Spr{\"u}ngen. Im OF hat MS fluchtartige Verhaltensweisen in homo- und heterozygoten Tph2-defizienten M{\"a}usen bef{\"o}rdert. Beide Verhaltenstests f{\"u}hrten zu spezifischen neuronalen Aktivierungsmustern, die mithilfe von c-Fos- Immunhistochemie ausgewertet wurden. Die Durchf{\"u}hrung des DLB-Tests f{\"u}hrte in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Vorhandensein von Tph2 zur Aktivierung des paraventrikul{\"a}ren Kerns des Hypothalamus (PVN) und der basolateralen Amygdala (BL), wohingegen die Exposition gegen{\"u}ber dem OF-Test zu einer Aktivierung der lateralen Amygdala (La) in Tieren, die einem m{\"u}tterlichen Trennungsparadigma unterzogen wurden, sowie einer Aktivierung des ventrolateralen (VLPAG) und dorsolateralen (DLPAG) periaqu{\"a}duktalen H{\"o}hlengraus in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Tph2 und MS f{\"u}hrte. Zusammenfassend weisen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie darauf hin, dass MS aktive Verhaltensantworten auf aversive Reize in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Vorhandensein von 5-HT im Gehirn f{\"o}rdert. Diese Effekte k{\"o}nnten durch die spezifische Aktivierung von mit Angstverhalten in Zusammenhang stehenden Gehirnregionen w{\"a}hrend der Verhaltensexperimente vermittelt werden.},
  subject      = {Angst},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kiene2022,
  author    = {Kiene, Carmen},
  title     = {Immunozytogenetische Analysen an Interphase-Zellen und Meiose-Stadien der Maus},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27910},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-279109},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden mittels 5-Methylcytosin Immunof{\"a}rbung zytogenetische Analysen an Metaphasechromosomen aus der Mitose, an Interphase-Zellen verschiedener Organe und an Meiose-Stadien der Maus (Mus musculus) zur Detektion hypermethylierter DNA durchgef{\"u}hrt. Zus{\"a}tzlich erfolgte eine C-B{\"a}nderung an Metaphasechromosomen und Meiose-Stadien zum Nachweis von konstitutivem Heterochromatin.},
  subject      = {Cytogenetik},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Yuan2023,
  author    = {Yuan, Xidi},
  title     = {Aging and inflammation in the peripheral nervous system},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23737},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237378},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Aging is known to be a risk factor for structural abnormalities and functional decline in the nervous system. Characterizing age-related changes is important to identify putative pathways to overcome deleterious effects and improve life quality for the elderly. In this study, the peripheral nervous system of 24-month-old aged C57BL/6 mice has been investigated and compared to 12-month-old adult mice. Aged mice showed pathological alterations in their peripheral nerves similar to nerve biopsies from elderly human individuals, with nerve fibers showing demyelination and axonal damage. Such changes were lacking in nerves of adult 12-month-old mice and adult, non-aged humans. Moreover, neuromuscular junctions of 24-month-old mice showed increased denervation compared to adult mice. These alterations were accompanied by elevated numbers of macrophages in the peripheral nerves of aged mice. The neuroinflammatory conditions were associated with impaired myelin integrity and with a decline of nerve conduction properties and muscle strength in aged mice. To determine the pathological impact of macrophages in the aging mice, macrophage depletion was performed in mice by oral administration of CSF-1R specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor PLX5622 (300 mg/kg body weight), which reduced the number of macrophages in the peripheral nerves by 70\%. The treated mice showed attenuated demyelination, less muscle denervation and preserved muscle strength. This indicates that macrophage-driven inflammation in the peripheral nerves is partially responsible for the age-related neuropathy in mice. Based on previous observations that systemic inflammation can accelerate disease progression in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, it was hypothesized that systemic inflammation can exacerbate the peripheral neuropathy found in aged mice. To investigate this hypothesis, aged C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 500 μg/kg body weight) to induce systemic inflammation by mimicking bacterial infection, mostly via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Altered endoneurial macrophage activation, highlighted by Trem2 downregulation, was found in LPS injected aged mice one month after injection. This was accompanied by a so far rarely observed form of axonal perturbation, i.e., the occurrence of "dark axons" characterized by a damaged cytoskeleton and an increased overall electron density of the axoplasm. At the same time, however, LPS injection reduced demyelination and muscle denervation in aged mice. Interestingly, TREM2 deficiency in aged mice led to similar changes to LPS injection. This suggests that LPS injection likely mitigates aging-related demyelination and muscle denervation via Trem2 downregulation. Taken together, this study reveals the role of macrophage-driven inflammation as a pathogenic mediator in age-related peripheral neuropathy, and that targeting macrophages might be an option to mitigate peripheral neuropathies in aging individuals. Furthermore, this study shows that systemic inflammation may be an ambivalent modifier of age-related nerve damage, leading to a distinct type of axonal perturbation, but in addition to functionally counteracting, dampened demyelination and muscle denervation. Translationally, it is plausible to assume that tipping the balance of macrophage polarization to one direction or the other may determine the functional outcome in the aging peripheral nervous system of the elderly.},
  subject      = {Maus},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Haebich2023,
  author    = {H{\"a}bich, Hannes Jan},
  title     = {Die kardialen Auswirkungen einer SPRED2-Defizienz im Mausmodell},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34628},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346286},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {SPRED 2 wirkt inhibitorisch auf den Ras/ERK-MAPK-Signalweg. Im Knockout Mausmodell zeigen sich einige schwerwiegende ph{\"a}notypische Eigenschaften, unter anderem zeigen sich ein genereller Minderwuchs, ver{\"a}nderte hormonelle Regelkreise, neurologische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten, eine deutlich verringerte Lebenserwartung, sowie kardiale Ver{\"a}nderungen. Besonders schwerwiegende SPRED 2 KO typische Auspr{\"a}gungen im Herzen sind hierbei eine myokardiale Fibrosierung, eine myokardiale Hypertrophie und Herzrhythmusst{\"o}rungen. In dieser Arbeit wurden insbesondere kardiale Ver{\"a}nderungen auf Zell- und Proteinebene untersucht. Zur Proteinanalyse der Kardiomyozyten wurden Western Blots und eine Schnittbildgebung angefertigt. F{\"u}r eine funktionelle Untersuchung wurden isolierte vitale Kardiomyozyten mittels Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen untersucht und unter elektrischer Stimulation beobachtet. Desweiteren wurden isolierte Mitochondrien auf ihren Stoffwechsel und eventuelle Defekte hin analysiert. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass junge SPRED2 KO M{\"a}use keine wesentlichen h{\"a}modynamischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen aufweisen und eine gute Kompensationsf{\"a}higkeit gegen{\"u}ber einer Nachlaststeigerung aufweisen. Auch gezeigt werden konnte, dass Ver{\"a}nderungen im Rahmen der Zellkontraktion beim Kalziumhaushalt und Membranpotential existieren und im Zusammenhang mit einer verminderten Expression von SERCA und CaV1.2 stehen. Bei der Untersuchung von Mitochondrien konnten keine wesentlichen Defizite der mitochondrialen Funktion der SPRED 2 KO M{\"a}use gefunden werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die bekannte St{\"o}rung der Autophagie am ehesten Ursache f{\"u}r eine gesteigerte Fibrosierung, sowie der gesteigerten Apoptose der Kardiomyozyten. In Folge dessen k{\"o}nnten die oben beschriebenen Ver{\"a}nderungen des Kalziumhaushaltes der Kardiomyozyten stehen und letztendlich {\"u}ber maligne Herzrhythmusst{\"o}rungen zum vorzeitigen Versterben f{\"u}hren.},
  subject      = {Spred-Proteine},
  language  = {de}
}