@article{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Unbewußtes Lernen - eine besondere Lernform?},
  series = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127734},
  pages     = {75-89},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Implizites oder unbewußtes Lernen soll sich nach vorliegenden Berichten dadurch auszeichnen, daß es beil{\"a}ufig geschieht, daß es aufmerksamkeitsunabh{\"a}ngig ist und daß seine Resultate nicht bewußt werden. Nach Meinung einiger Autoren handelt es sich um eine Urform des Lernens, die vielfachen unbewußten Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten menschlichen Verhaltens von verborgenen Reizstrukturen zugrunde liegt. Eine kritische Durchsicht der Befunde zeigt, daß keines der besonderen Merkmale unbewußten Lernens {\"u}berzeugend belegt ist. Es liegen auch keine differenzierten {\"U}berlegungen zu den Mechanismen unbewußten Lernens vor. Es wird die Vermutung begr{\"u}ndet, daß den untersuchten Lernvorg{\"a}ngen m{\"o}glicherweise ein elementares Bed{\"u}rfnis nach zuverl{\"a}ssiger Antizipation von Verhaltenskonsequenzen zugrunde liegt. Simulationen, die eine solche Spekulation unterst{\"u}tzen, werden diskutiert und noch zu l{\"o}sende Probleme aufgezeigt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Ged{\"a}chtnis und Lernen, Prozeß und Resultat, Inzidentell und Intentional: eine Erwiderung auf den Kommentar von H. J. Markowitsch},
  series = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {0033-3042},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127719},
  pages     = {109-112},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchneiderNaeslund1993,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and N{\"a}slund, Jan Carol},
  title     = {The impact of early metalinguistic competencies and memory capacity on reading and spelling in elementary school: Results of the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87421},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {This paper reports on a longitudinal study dealing with the development of literacy in young children. A total of 163 children were first tested during their last year in kindergarten using a variety of tasks that tapped phonological processing, memory capacity, early literacy, and intelligence. Children's ward decoding, reading comprehension, and spelling skills were assessed in elementary school several years later. As a main result, all of the predictor domains had a significant impact on the acquisition of literacy in elementary school, although the contribution of each domain differed as a function of the criterion measure. An attempt to identify children-at-risk using a kindergarten screening test provided encouraging results. Nonetheless, it was shown that whereas group predictions of reading and spelling performance can be quite accurate, the individual prognosis of school problems is far from perfect.},
  subject      = {Lese- und Schreibf{\"a}higkeit},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schneider1993,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Introduction: The early prediction of reading and spelling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87418},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Prognose},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hommers1993,
  author    = {Hommers, Wilfried},
  title     = {Zum Begriff der Rechtspsychologie unter professioneller Perspektive},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43383},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KruegerSchoech1993,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Hans-Peter and Sch{\"o}ch, Heinz},
  title     = {Absenkung der Promillegrenze. Ein zweifelhafter Beitrag zur Verkehrssicherheit},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41911},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EllgringSchneider1993,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Schneider, E.},
  title     = {Parkinson und Demenz},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43047},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Auf der Delegierten-Konferenz der dPV in Hannover waren eine Reihe von Fragen wr Demenz im Zusammenhang mit dem Morbus Parkinson gestellt worden, zu denen hier Stellung genommen werden soll. Die Fragen und Antworten sind jeweil mit einem ? f{\"u}r die Fragen und einem ! f{\"u}r die Antworten gekennzeichnet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PauliRauZhuangetal.1993,
  author    = {Pauli, Paul and Rau, Harald and Zhuang, Ping and Brody, Stuart and Birbaumer, Niels},
  title     = {Effects of smoking on thermal pain threshold in deprived and minimally-deprived habitual smokers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32607},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {This study examined the antinociceptive effects of smoking in nine habitual smokers under deprived (12 h) and minimally-deprived (< 30min) conditions. Pain threshold for thermal stimuli, heart rate, blood pressure and ratings of mood, arousal, dominance and well-being were assessed before and after smoking a cigarette. Overall, smoking affected all measured variables in the expected direction, leading to increased physiological activity, elevated pain threshold and improved mood. However, most of these effects depended on the deprivation status of the subjects, such that smoking after deprivation increased pain threshold whereas smoking after minimal deprivation did not. Pain threshold before smoking was the same for both groups. Deprived subjects had lower pre-smoke diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and arousal levels, which rose to equal minimally-deprived subjects scores after smoking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PauliSchwenzerBrodyetal.1993,
  author    = {Pauli, Paul and Schwenzer, Michael and Brody, Stuart and Rau, Harald and Birbaumer, Niels},
  title     = {Hypochondriacal attitudes, pain sensitivity, and attentional bias},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32617},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {The relation between hypochondriacal attitudes, thermal pain threshold, and attentional bias toward pain was examined in a non-clinical population (N = 28). Attentional bias was operationalized with a concentration-performance test, which subjects performed while connected to a pain stimulator. Subjects were informed that they would receive a painful stimulus during the second part of the test, while the first part was introduced as pain-free. The pain stimulus was never applied during the test phase. The expectancy of a forthcoming pain stimulus reduced the performance of high hypochondriacal subjects in both parts of the test. Low hypochondriacal subjects, on the other hand, displayed significantly better performance in the first, pain-free compared to the second, pain-related part of the test. Thermal pain thresholds were assessed at four measuring sites (thenar, neck, collar-bone, abdomen), but no relations with hypochondriasis sum scores and locus of pain stimulation were found. A stepwise multiple regression of pain threshold by individual Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) led to 66\% of the variance being explained by the scales 'concern about pain', 'worry about illness', and 'disease phobia'. Results are discussed in terms of amplifying somatic style, preoccupation with or attentional bias toward bodily symptoms, and experimental induction of a hypochondriacal state.},
  language  = {en}
}