@phdthesis{Zimmerer2012,
  author    = {Zimmerer, Daniel Johannes},
  title     = {"Plasmodium falciparum - changes under treatment" : Eine lichtmikroskopische Studie morphologischer {\"A}nderungen von Plasmodium falciparum unter Therapie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-76597},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die H{\"a}lfte der Weltbev{\"o}lkerung lebt mit dem Risiko, an einer schweren Malaria tropica zu erkranken. Zunehmende Resistenzen von Plasmodium falciparum gegen g{\"a}ngige Therapeutika erschweren eine Behandlung, und es existiert keine M{\"o}glichkeit fr{\"u}hzeitig die Wirksamkeit der angewandten Medikation festzustellen. Die Bestimmung der Parasit{\"a}mie als einzig verf{\"u}gbarer Parameter kann auch bei erfolgreicher Therapie noch {\"u}ber den ersten Tag ansteigen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, lichtmikroskopische Parameter zu finden, mit denen der Erfolg einer Therapie fr{\"u}hzeitig festgestellt werden kann. So wurden im Rahmen einer Fallstudie die Plasmodien eines an einer schweren Malaria tropica erkrankten Patienten auf morphologische Ver{\"a}nderungen im Verlauf der Chinin-Therapie untersucht. Die Beurteilung der Plasmodien erfolgte durch eine Einteilung nach ihrer Lage im Erythrozyten und der Kern-Plasma-Relation der Ringformen, anschliessend wurden die Ergebnisse durch eine Vermessung der Plasmodien am Computer verifiziert. Es zeigte sich, dass ein Therapieerfolg anhand der Ver{\"a}nderung in der Morphologie der Ringformen bereits in den ersten Stunden nach Therapiebeginn festgestellt werden kann. So l{\"a}sst sich innerhalb der ersten drei Stunden ein Wechsel von kleinen Ringformen mit d{\"u}nnem, homogenem Zytoplasmaband zu vergr{\"o}sserten Ringformen mit einem verbreiterten und inhomogenen Zytoplasma finden. Im weiteren konnten ab der 7. Therapiestunde eine zunehmende Lagever{\"a}nderungen der Plasmodien im Erythrozyten aufgezeigt werden. So waren ab diesem Zeitpunkt zunehmend Plasmodien, die die Erythrozyten-Membran hervorw{\"o}lben (Arbeitstitel „Accentu{\´e}"-Formen), im peripheren Blutausstrich des Patienten zu sehen. Dass die {\"A}nderung der Kern-Plasma-Relation der Ringformen urs{\"a}chlich einer direkten Medikamentenwirkung zuzuschreiben sind, konnte in einem abschliessenden „in vitro"-Studienteil gezeigt werden, in welchem Plasmodien-Kulturen unter Chinin-Einfluss mit Kontrollkulturen ohne Medikamenteneinfluss verglichen wurden.},
  subject      = {Malaria tropica},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fuchs2012,
  author    = {Fuchs, Andreas Rudolf},
  title     = {3D-Pulverdruck von Zellkulturtr{\"a}gern mit Magnesium-Phosphat-Chemie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77415},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden erstmals im 3D-Pulerdruckverfahren hergestellte Struvit-Matrizes auf ihre Eignung als Tr{\"a}germaterial f{\"u}r Knochenzellen in vitro untersucht. Hierzu wurde die Zytokompatibilit{\"a}t sowie die chemische L{\"o}slichkeit von gedruckten Struvit-Strukturen betrachtet. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde untersucht, ob die biologische Funktion von BMP-2-L{\"o}sungen nach Durchlaufen des Druckprozesses erhalten bleibt und ob es m{\"o}glich ist, BMP-2 unter Beibehaltung seiner biologischen Wirksamkeit direkt in Struvit-Matrizes zu drucken. Als Reaktanten zur Herstellung der Struvit-Matrizes wurde modifiziertes Farringtonit-Pulver mit definierter K{\"o}rnung und eine {\"a}quimolare Binder-L{\"o}sung aus DAHP und ADHP verwendet. Die untersuchten Zellkulturtr{\"a}ger mit Magnesiumammoniumphosphatchemie zeigten eine ausreichende Zytokompatibilit{\"a}t in vitro. Außerdem wurde gezeigt, dass thermolabile Proteine wie BMP-2 im 3D-Pulverdruckverfahren unter weitgehender Beibehaltung ihrer biologischen Wirksamkeit in vitro grunds{\"a}tzlich prozessierbar sind. Die Freisetzung direkt eingedruckter Proteine aus den Struvit-Matrizes blieb jedoch hinter den Erwartungen zur{\"u}ck. Mit Struvit steht ein alternatives Zementsystem f{\"u}r den 3D-Pulverdruck zur Verf{\"u}gung, welches spezifische Vorteile gegen{\"u}ber den etablierten Calciumphosphaten bietet. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die Ursache f{\"u}r die geringe BMP-Freisetzung aus den Struvit-Matrizes zu ermitteln und die Vorteile der neutralen Abbindereaktion voll nutzen zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Struvit},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Platt2012,
  author    = {Platt, Christian},
  title     = {A Common Thread in Unconventional Superconductivity: The Functional Renormalization Group in Multi-Band Systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78824},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die supraleitenden Eigenschaften von komplexen Materialsystemen, wie den erst k{\"u}rzlich entdeckten Eisen-Pniktiden oder den Strontium-Ruthenaten, sind oftmals durch das Zusammenspiel vieler elektronischer Orbitale bestimmt. Um die Supraleitung in derartigen Systemen besser zu verstehen, entwickeln wir in dieser Arbeit eine Multi-Orbital-Implementierung der funktionalen Renormierungsgruppe und untersuchen die Elektronenpaarung in verschiedenen charakteristischen Materialverbindungen. In den Eisen-Pniktiden finden wir hierbei mehrere Spinfluktuationskan{\"a}le, die eine Elektronenpaarung hervorrufen, sofern die Paarwellenfunktion einen Vorzeichenwechsel zwischen den verschiedenen genesteten Bereichen der Fermifl{\"a}che aufweist. Abh{\"a}ngig von den spezifischen Materialeigenschaften, wie der Dotierung oder der Position des Pniktogenatoms, f{\"u}hren diese Spinfluktuationen dann zu \$s_{\pm}\$-wellenartiger Paarung mit durchg{\"a}ngiger Energiel{\"u}cke oder mit Knoten auf der Fermifl{\"a}che. In manchen F{\"a}llen wird zudem auch \$d\$-wellenartige Paarung induziert, die in der N{\"a}he des {\"U}bergangs zur \$s_{\pm}\$-Symmetrie einen gemischten \$(s+id)\$-Zustand mit gebrochener Zeitinversionssymmetrie aufweist. Diese neuartige Phase zeigt faszinierende Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel das spontane Entstehen von Suprastr{\"o}men am Probenrand und um nichtmagnetische St{\"o}rstellen. Auf Grund der durchg{\"a}ngigen Energiel{\"u}cke ist dieser \$(s+id)\$-Zustand energetisch beg{\"u}nstigt. Im Folgenden untersuchen wir zudem auch die elektronischen Instabilit{\"a}ten eines weiteren außergew{\"o}hnlichen Materials -- dotiertes Graphen. Diese rein zweidimensionale Kohlenstoffverbindung ist schon seit mehreren Jahren im Fokus der Festk{\"o}rperforschung und wurde mittlerweile auch durch neuartige experimentelle Verfahren dotiert, ohne die zugrundeliegende hexagonale Gittersturktur merklich zu st{\"o}ren. Eine theoretische Beschreibung dieses Systems erfordert die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung zweier nicht-equivalenter Gitterpl{\"a}tze, was wiederum effektiv als Zwei-Orbital-System aufgefasst werden kann. Durch die besondere Symmetrie der hexagonalen Gitterstruktur sind beide \$d\$-wellenartigen Paarungskan{\"a}le entartet und ahnlich der \$(s+id)\$-Paarung in den Pniktiden finden wir hier eine chirale \$(d+id)\$-Paarung in einem weiten Dotierungsbereich um van-Hove F{\"u}llung. Des Weiteren identifizieren wir Spin-Triplet-Paarung und eine exotische Form der Spindichtewelle, welche beide durch leichte Ver{\"a}nderung der langreichweitigen H{\"u}pfamplituden und Wechselwirkungensparameter realisiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Als drittes Beispiel betrachten wir die Supraleitung in dem Strontium-Ruthenat Sr\$_2\$RuO\$_4\$. Die Besonderheit dieser Materialverbindung liegt in der m{\"o}glichen Realisierung einer chiralen Spin-Triplet Paarung, die wiederum faszinierende Eigenschaften wie die Existenz von halbganzzahligen Flussvortizes mit nicht-Abelscher Vertauschungsstatistik aufweisen w{\"u}rde. Mittels eines mikroskopischen Drei-Orbital-Modells und der Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Spin-Bahn-Kopplung finden wir hierbei, dass moderate ferromagnetische Spinfluktuationen immer noch ausreichen, um diesen speziellen Paarungszustand anzutreiben. Die berechnete Energiel{\"u}cke zeigt im Weiteren sehr starke Anisotropien auf dem \$d_{xy}\$-Orbital-dominierten Bereich der Fermifl{\"a}che und verschwindet nahezu vollst{\"a}ndig auf den anderen beiden Fermifl{\"a}chen.},
  subject      = {Supraleitung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Walter2012,
  author    = {Walter, Martina},
  title     = {A new methodological approach to assess drug driving - The German Smartphone Survey},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75283},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The aim of the present piece of work was to give information about the frequency of psychoactive substances within the German driver population and to identify preventive and promotive circumstances of drug driving. Furthermore, a new methodological approach to gather and link data about the consumption of psychoactive substances and the mobility of drug users is shown. Traditionally, roadside surveys are conducted to estimate the prevalence of drug driving within a population. By the present study, an alternative method is introduced. In total, 195 drug users (mainly cannabis users) and 100 controls out of the normal driving population were queried for four weeks about their driving and drug consumption behaviour by a questionnaire that was deployed on smartphones. The prevalences of drug driving within the sample were extrapolated into representative values. Because the subjects reported all daily activities within the study-period, it was also possible to describe situations in which the subjects decided against driving under influence. Besides, relevant previous experiences, attitudes, the approval of legal regulations, other traffic-specific parameters, social influences and personality variables were queried. So, individual factors that are associated with drug driving can be specified. The results are integrated in a model that shows dependencies of different societal, behavioural and legal variables. They can serve as major input to the discussion on drug driving and can be of practical use for rehabilitation and prevention purposes. The results can be summarised as follows: - Compared to the results of a German roadside survey from 1994, the prevalences that are found within the present study seem pretty low. This finding is discussed and possible explanations for the described trend are lined out. Furthermore, the prevalences that were calculated in the present study are compared to current data from other European countries. - The results show differences between users and controls on several variables. The differences indicate that substance use impacts on the structuring of day-to-day life. Overall, the controls' days proceed more along a daily working routine than the users' (e.g. less mobility at night, more mobility at rush-hour, alcohol consumption mainly at nights out). - The individual extent to which drugs are consumed differs dependent on daytime, day of the week and kind of substance. Of course, these dependencies also influence the occurrence of drug driving. Other factors of influence on drug driving are the distance, the availability of alternative modes of transport as well as the presence of female companions. - Not everybody who uses drugs drives under the influence of drugs. A striking predictor for frequent drug driving and highly intoxicated driving is a high consumption, associated with risky consumption patterns and a low subjective feeling of impairment after drug consumption. - The subjects' attitudes towards drug driving and their beliefs about social norms largely go in line with the behaviour they engage in. Drug users have rather liberal attitudes towards drug use and driving under influence. - A possible deterrence effect of sanctioning and police enforcement and its dependence on the acceptance and awareness of the measures is delineated. - Only small effects are found when examining the objective impairment that is caused by drug use by a computer-based test battery. This result is critically discussed with regards to the operationalisation of the study groups. - Except from driving under influence, there is no evidence to suggest that DUI offenders also show problematic behaviour according to other traffic-related measures. - Parents and peers may have an influence as role models on the development of problematic behaviour. A good relationship between parents and children may have a positive impact on the development of conventional values and behaviour. - Drug use is associated with some crucial personality dimensions and drugs are often used to solve personal problems. A less precise but similar difference was found for users who commit many drives under influence compared to users who never or only sometimes drive under influence. Moreover, users marginally more often have psychological problems compared to controls. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the new methodological approach of data collection are discussed as well as the challenges that are faced when implementing it. All in all, it has proved to be a promising method and should serve as a standard to which future studies should aspire.},
  subject      = {Verkehrspsychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Tuchscherer2012,
  author    = {Tuchscherer, Philip},
  title     = {A Route to Optical Spectroscopy on the Nanoscale},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72228},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Time-resolved optical spectroscopy has become an important tool to investigate the dynamics of quantum mechanical processes in matter. In typical applications, a first "pump" pulse excites the system under investigation from the thermal equilibrium to an excited state, and a second variable time-delayed "probe" pulse then maps the dynamics of the excited system. Although advanced nonlinear techniques have been developed to investigate, e.g., coherent quantum effects, all of these techniques are limited in their spatial resolution. The laser focus diameter has a lower bound given by Abbe's diffraction limit, which is roughly half the optical excitation wavelength—corresponding to about 400nm in the presented experiments. In the time-resolved experiments that have been suggested so far, averaging over the sample volume within this focus cannot be avoided. In this thesis, two approaches were developed to overcome the diffraction limit in optical spectroscopy and to enable the investigation of coherent processes on the nanoscale. In the first approach, analytic solutions were found to calculate optimal polarizationshaped laser pulses that provide optical near-field pump-probe pulse sequences in the vicinity of a nanostructure. These near-field pulse sequences were designed to allow excitation of a quantum system at one specific position at a certain time and probing at a different position at a later time. In the second approach, the concept of coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy, which has had great impact on the investigation of coherent quantum effects in recent years, was combined with photoemission electron microscopy, which yields a spatial resolution well below the optical diffraction limit. Using the analytic solutions, optical near fields were investigated in terms of spectroscopic applications. Near fields that are excited with polarization-shaped femtosecond laser pulses in the vicinity of appropriate nanostructures feature two properties that are especially interesting in the view of spectroscopic applications: On the one hand, control of the spatial distribution of the optical fields is achieved on the order of nanometers. On the other hand, the temporal evolution of these fields can be adjusted on the order of femtoseconds. In this thesis, solutions were found to calculate the optimal polarizationshaped laser pulses that control the near field in a general manner. The main idea to achieve this deterministic control was to disentangle the spatial and temporal near-field control. First, the spatial distribution of the optical near field was controlled by assigning the correct state of polarization for each frequency within the polarization-shaped laser pulse independently. The remaining total phase—not employed for spatial control—was then used for temporal near-field compression, which, in experimental applications, would lead to an enhancement of the nonlinear signal at the respective location. In contrast to the use of optical near fields, where pump-probe sequences themselves are localized below the diffraction limit and the detection does not have to provide the spatial resolution, a different approach was suggested in this thesis to gain spectroscopic information on the nanoscale. The new method was termed "Coherent two-dimensional (2D) nanoscopy" and transfers the concept of "conventional" coherent 2D spectroscopy to photoemission electron microscopy. The pulse sequences used for the investigation of quantum systems in this method are still limited by diffraction. However, the new key concept is to detect locally generated photoelectrons instead of optical signals. This yields a spatial resolution that is well below the optical diffraction limit. In "conventional" 2D spectroscopy a triple-pulse sequence initiates a four wave mixing process that creates a coherence. In a quantum mechanical process, this coherence is converted into a population by emission of an electric field, which is measured in the experiment. Contrarily, in the developed 2D nanoscopy, four-wave mixing is initiated by a quadruple-pulse sequence, which leaves the quantum system in an electronic population. This electronic population carries coherent information about the investigated quantum system and can be mapped with a spatial resolution down to a few nanometers given by the spatial resolution of the photoemission electron microscope. Hence, 2D nanoscopy can be considered a generalization of time-resolved photoemission experiments. In the future, it may be of similar beneficial value for the field of photoemission research as "conventional" 2D spectroscopy has proven to be for optical spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. In a first experimental implementation of coherent 2D nanoscopy coherent processes on a corrugated silver surface were measured and unexpected long coherence lifetimes could be determined.},
  subject      = {Ultrakurzzeitspektroskopie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Baunach2012,
  author    = {Baunach, Marcel},
  title     = {Advances in Distributed Real-Time Sensor/Actuator Systems Operation - Operating Systems, Communication, and Application Design Concepts -},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-76489},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This work takes a close look at several quite different research areas related to the design of networked embedded sensor/actuator systems. The variety of the topics illustrates the potential complexity of current sensor network applications; especially when enriched with actuators for proactivity and environmental interaction. Besides their conception, development, installation and long-term operation, we'll mainly focus on more "low-level" aspects: Compositional hardware and software design, task cooperation and collaboration, memory management, and real-time operation will be addressed from a local node perspective. In contrast, inter-node synchronization, communication, as well as sensor data acquisition, aggregation, and fusion will be discussed from a rather global network view. The diversity in the concepts was intentionally accepted to finally facilitate the reliable implementation of truly complex systems. In particular, these should go beyond the usual "sense and transmit of sensor data", but show how powerful today's networked sensor/actuator systems can be despite of their low computational performance and constrained hardware: If their resources are only coordinated efficiently!},
  subject      = {Eingebettetes System},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kaufmann2012,
  author    = {Kaufmann, Katharina},
  title     = {Aktivit{\"a}tsverlauf, Funktionsstatus und Lebensqualit{\"a}t nach minimal-invasivem anteriorem Zugang bei H{\"u}fttotalendoprothesen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81583},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Studie untersucht Aktivit{\"a}tsverlauf, Funktionsstatus und Lebensqualit{\"a}t nach minimal-invasivem anteriorem Zugang bei H{\"u}fttotalendoprothesen (pr{\"a}operativ bis sechs Wochen postoperativ) mit Hilfe der Frageb{\"o}gen PHQ-D, XSMFA-D, SF-36, HHS, T{\"a}glicher W{\"u}rzburger Aktivit{\"a}tsfragebogen, Arzt- u. Patientenbogen H{\"u}fte.},
  subject      = {Endoprothese},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schuster2012,
  author    = {Schuster, Thomas Friedrich},
  title     = {Akute exogene Intoxikationen im Patientengut der Intensivstation der Medizinischen Universit{\"a}tsklinik W{\"u}rzburg : 1996 - 2000},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-90523},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Akute exogene Intoxikationen, Arten, H{\"a}ufigkeiten, Therapien und Komplikationen im 5 Jahresr{\"u}ckblick 1996 bis 2000 und im Vergleich zu 1986 bis 1990 im Patientengut der Intensivstation der Medizinischen Universit{\"a}tsklinik W{\"u}rzburg.},
  subject      = {Vergiftung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Nwandu2012,
  author    = {Nwandu, McDonald Kelechi},
  title     = {Akọ na Uche (Wisdom and Justifiability) of Preemptive-strike in Self-defense and Alternative Conflict Resolutions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-94846},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The "Akọ na Uche" (Wisdom and Justifiability) of Preemptive-strike in Self-defense and Alternative Conflict Resolutions is an ethical examine on man's inherent right of self-defense, not only as a right that is innate, but also as an individual's or a nation's right enshrined in, and guaranteed by the Charter provisions of the United Nations. Stemming from the painful experience of the First and Second World Wars, nations wishing never again to engage one another in such full scale wars of destruction, met in San Francisco, California, accepted the formation of a new organization, the United Nations, to replace the League of Nations considered as ineffectual. The participating nations articulated a set of guiding principles in the form of rules, rights and responsibilities endorsed by all the early member-nations on June 26, 1945, but effective from October 24, same year. This is the birth of the United Nations Charter. With the endorsement of the Charter, all member-nations assumed the responsibility of making the world a better place, peaceful and secure for humanity. They vowed never again to engage in unethical wars, they accepted to respect and foster human rights, to fight poverty, to spread democracy and to promote more healthy and robust international relations through a more vibrant cooperation and aggressive diplomacy. The Charter also reaffirmed the intrinsic right of self-defense of the victim of an armed attack, which sometimes has been utilized as well as exploited.},
  subject      = {Internationaler Konflikt},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zidorn2012,
  author    = {Zidorn, Wilfried},
  title     = {Alliances and R\&D activites in the Biotechnology Industry},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75483},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This dissertation is divided into three studies by addressing the following constitutive research questions in the context of the biotechnology industry: (1) How do different types of inter-firm alliances influence a firm's R\&D activity? (2) How does an increasing number and diversity of alliances in a firm's alliance portfolio affect its R\&D activity? (3) What is the optimal balance between exploration and exploitation? (1) To answer these research questions the first main chapter analyzes the impact of different types of alliances on the R\&D activities of successful firms in the biotechnology industry. Following the use of a new approach to measuring changes in research activities, the results show that alliances are used to specialize in a certain research field, rather than to enter a completely new market. This effect becomes smaller when the equity involvement of the partners in the alliance project increases. (2) The second main chapter analyzes the impact on innovation output of having heterogeneous partners in a biotechnology firm's alliance portfolio. Previous literature has stressed that investment in the heterogeneity of partners in an alliance portfolio is more important than merely engaging in multiple collaborative agreements. The analysis of a unique panel dataset of 20 biotechnology firms and their 8,602 alliances suggests that engaging in many alliances generally has a positive influence on a firm's innovation output. Furthermore, maintaining diverse alliance portfolios has an inverted U-shaped influence on a firm's innovation output, as managerial costs and complexity levels become too high. (3) And the third main chapter investigates whether there is an optimal balance to be found between explorative and exploitative innovation strategies. Previous literature states that firms that are ambidextrous (i.e., able to focus on exploration and exploitation simultaneously) tend to be more successful. Using a unique panel dataset of 20 leading biotechnology firms and separating their explorative and exploitative research, the chapter suggests that firms seeking to increase their innovation output should avoid imbalances between their explorative and exploitative innovation strategies. Furthermore, an inverted U-shaped relationship between a firm's relative research attention on exploration and its innovation output is found. This dissertation concludes with the results of the dissertation, combines the findings, gives managerial implications and proposes areas for potential further research.},
  subject      = {Biotechnologische Industrie},
  language  = {en}
}