@phdthesis{Heim2012,
  author    = {Heim, Rebecca Fabiola Natali},
  title     = {Mechanische In-vitro-Materialpr{\"u}fung von modifizierten, bioaktivierten Knochenzementen auf der Basis von Polymethylmethacrylat},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81170},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Das Hauptproblem des k{\"u}nstlichen Gelenkersatzes stellt die aseptische Prothesenlockerung dar. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein multifaktoriell bedingtes Geschehen, das auf ein gest{\"o}rtes Zusammenspiel von biologischen und mechanischen Faktoren zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden f{\"u}nf modifizierte, bioaktivierte Knochenzemente bez{\"u}glich ihrer Verbundfestigkeit mit Edelstahl und ihrer Hydrolysestabilit{\"a}t untersucht. Ein gemeinsamer Bestandteil aller f{\"u}nf Modifikationen stellt Hydroxyethylmethacrylat-Phosphat dar. Die Verbundfestigkeit der Zemente wurde anhand unterschiedlicher Anwendungs- bzw Metallvorbehandlungsvoraussetzungen im axialen Zugtest vor und nach k{\"u}nstlicher Alterung ermittelt. Unabh{\"a}ngig von der Vorbehandlung bzw. Anwendungsmodifikation zeigte der ausschließlich mit HEMA-P modifizierte Zement und der Referenzzement ann{\"a}hernd gleiche Zugfestigkeitswerte w{\"a}hrend die Zementmodifikation mit HEMA-P und zus{\"a}tzlich Natriumcarbonat und Calciumchlorid deutlich niedrigere Zugfestigkeiten erreichte. Diese Modifikation konnte zudem, bis auf die Testreihe mit erfolgter Silikatisierung und silanisiertem Monomer, dem k{\"u}nstlichen Alterungsprozess nicht standhalten, was die Hydrolysestabilit{\"a}t dieser Modifikation in Frage stellt. Die h{\"o}chsten Zugfestigkeitswerte nach dem Alterungsprozess konnten, unabh{\"a}ngig von der Zementmodifikation, bei der Testreihe mit erfolgter Silikatisierung und einem mit Silanhaftvermittler angereicherten Monomer festgestellt werden. Die Zemente wurden auf ihre Druckfestigkeit und im vereinfachten dynamischen H{\"u}ftpr{\"u}fstandversuch im fl{\"u}ssigen Milieu getestet. Die Tatsache, dass sich bei allen Zementmodifikationen relativ wenig Spalten am Zement-Metall-Interface nachweisen ließen, spricht f{\"u}r eine gesteigerte Hydrolysebest{\"a}ndigkeit unter dynamischer Belastung. Die ermittelten Druckfestigkeiten liegen im Bereich von 83,85 MPa f{\"u}r PM 10, 89,66 MPa f{\"u}r PM 11 und 82 MPa f{\"u}r SPM 10 was den Anforderungen an Knochenzemente gerecht wird. Diese sollten gem{\"a}ß ISO 5833 eine Druckfestigkeit von {\"u}ber 70 MPa aufweisen. Um eine detaillierte Aussage {\"u}ber die mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Zementmodifikationen treffen zu k{\"o}nnen bedarf es weiterer Materialpr{\"u}fungen},
  subject      = {Aseptische Lockerung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Thielen2012,
  author    = {Thielen, Sebastian},
  title     = {Toxizit{\"a}t von Stickstoffdioxid in realer Umweltkonzentration},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83640},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Toxizit{\"a}t von Stickstoffdioxid in realer Umweltkonzentration},
  subject      = {Stickstoffoxide},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Chen2012,
  author    = {Chen, Yi-chun},
  title     = {Experimental access to the content of an olfactory memory trace in larval Drosophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83705},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Animals need to evaluate their experiences in order to cope with new situations they encounter. This requires the ability of learning and memory. Drosophila melanogaster lends itself as an animal model for such research because elaborate genetic techniques are available. Drosphila larva even saves cellular redundancy in parts of its nervous system. My Thesis has two parts dealing with associative olfactory learning in larval Drosophila. Firstly, I tackle the question of odour processing in respect to odour quality and intensity. Secondly, by focusing on the evolutionarily conserved presynaptic protein Synapsin, olfactory learning on the cellular and molecular level is investigated. Part I.1. provides a behaviour-based estimate of odour similarity in larval Drosophila by using four recognition-type experiments to result in a combined, task-independent estimate of perceived difference between odour-pairs. A further comparison of these combined perceived differences to published calculations of physico-chemical difference reveals a weak correlation between perceptual and physico-chemical similarity. Part I.2. focuses on how odour intensity is interpreted in the process of olfactory learning in larval Drosophila. First, the dose-effect curves of learnability across odour intensities are described in order to choose odour intensities such that larvae are trained at intermediate odour intensity, but tested for retention either with that trained intermediate odour intensity, or with respectively HIGHer or LOWer intensities. A specificity of retention for the trained intensity is observed for all the odours used. Such intensity specificity of learning adds to appreciate the richness in 'content' of olfactory memory traces, and to define the demands on computational models of associative olfactory memory trace formation. In part II.1. of the thesis, the cellular site and molecular mode of Synapsin function is investigated- an evolutionarily conserved, presynaptic vesicular phosphoprotein. On the cellular level, the study shows a Synapsin-dependent memory trace in the mushroom bodies, a third-order "cortical" brain region of the insects; on the molecular level, Synapsin engages as a downstream element of the AC-cAMP-PKA signalling cascade.},
  subject      = {Taufliege},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hoelscher2012,
  author    = {H{\"o}lscher, Uvo Christoph},
  title     = {Relaxations-Dispersions-Bildgebung in der Magnetresonanztomographie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-79554},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Das Ziel dieser Promotion ist der Aufbau eines dreMR Setups f{\"u}r einen klinischen 1,5T Scanner, das die Relaxations-Dispersions-Bildgebung erm{\"o}glicht, und die anschließende Ergr{\"u}ndung von m{\"o}glichst vielen Anwendungsfeldern von dreMR. Zu der Aufgabe geh{\"o}rt die Bereitstellung der zugrunde liegenden Theorie, der Bau des experimentellen Setups (Offset-Spule und Stromversorgung) sowie die Programmierung der n{\"o}tigen Software. Mit dem gebauten Setup konnten zwei große Anwendungsfelder — dreMR Messungen mit und ohne Kontrastmitteln — untersucht werden.},
  subject      = {Kernspintomografie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kiel2012,
  author    = {Kiel, Tilman},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum Kernproteinimport in Progeriezellen und neue M{\"o}glichkeiten der Quantifizierung nukle{\"a}rer Transportprozesse},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83798},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Untersuchungen zum Kerntransport in Progeriezellen und neue M{\"o}glichkeiten der Quantifizierung nukle{\"a}rer Transportprozesse},
  subject      = {Kerntransport},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Gupta2012,
  author    = {Gupta, Shuchi},
  title     = {The role of the Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channel and the C terminal LIM domain protein of 36 kDa (CLP36) for platelet function},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72262},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Platelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit posttraumatic blood loss at sites of vascular injury, but also contribute to arterial thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Thrombus formation is the result of well-defined molecular events, including agonist-induced elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and series of cytoskeletal rearrangements. With the help of genetically modified mice, the work presented in this thesis identified novel mechanisms underlying the process of platelet activation in hemostasis and thrombosis. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) through Orai1 was previously shown to be the main Ca2+ influx pathway in murine platelets. The residual Ca2+ entry in the Orai1 deficient platelets suggested a role for additional non-store-operated Ca2+ (non-SOC) and receptor operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) in maintaining platelet calcium homeostasis. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), which is expressed in both human and murine platelets, has been attributed to be involved in SOCE as well as in diacylglycerol (DAG)-triggered ROCE. In the first part of the study, the function of TRPC6 in platelet Ca2+ signaling and activation was analyzed by using the TRPC6 knockout mice. In vitro agonist induced Ca2+ responses and in vivo platelet function were unaltered in Trpc6-/- mice. However, Trpc6-/- mice displayed a completely abolished DAG mediated Ca2+-influx but a normal SOCE. These findings identified TRPC6 as the major DAG operated ROC channel in murine platelets, but DAG mediated ROCE has no major functional relevance for hemostasis and thrombosis. In the second part of the thesis, the involvement of the PDLIM family member CLP36 in the signaling pathway of the major platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI was investigated. The GPVI/FcR-chain complex initiates platelet activation through a series of tyrosine phosphorylation events downstream of the FcR-chain-associated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). GPVI signaling has to be tightly regulated to prevent uncontrolled intravascular platelet activation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study reports the adaptor protein CLP36 as a major inhibitor of GPVI-ITAM signaling in platelets. Platelets from mice expressing a truncated form of CLP36, (Clp36ΔLIM) and platelets from mice lacking the entire protein (Clp36-/-) displayed profound hyper-activation in response to GPVI-specific agonists, whereas GPCR signaling pathways remained unaffected. These alterations translated into accelerated thrombus formation and enhanced pro-coagulant activity of Clp36ΔLIM platelets and a pro-thrombotic phenotype in vivo. These studies revealed an unexpected inhibitory function of CLP36 in GPVI-ITAM signaling and established it as a key regulator of arterial thrombosis.},
  subject      = {Thrombozytenaggregation},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schleyer2012,
  author    = {Schleyer, Michael},
  title     = {Integrating past, present and future: mechanisms of a simple decision in larval Drosophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78923},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Is behaviour response or action? In this Thesis I study this question regarding a rather simple organism, the larva of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Despite its numerically simple brain and limited behavioural repertoire, it is nevertheless capable to accomplish surprisingly complex tasks. After association of an odour and a rewarding or punishing reinforcement signal, the learnt odour is able to retrieve the formed memory trace. However, the activated memory trace is not automatically turned into learned behaviour: Appetitive memory traces are behaviourally expressed only in absence of the rewarding tastant whereas aversive memory traces are behaviourally expressed in the presence of the punishing tastant. The 'decision' whether to behaviourally express a memory trace or not relies on a quantitive comparison between memory trace and current situation: only if the memory trace (after odour-sugar training) predicts a stronger sugar reward than currently present, animals show appetitive conditioned behaviour. Learned appetitive behaviour is best seen as active search for food - being pointless in the presence of (enough) food. Learned aversive behaviour, in turn, can be seen as escape from a punishment - being pointless in absence of punishment. Importantly, appetitive and aversive memory traces can be formed and retrieved independent from each other but also can, under appriate circumstances, summate to jointly organise conditioned behaviour. In contrast to learned behaviour, innate olfactory behaviour is not influenced by gustatory processing and vice versa. Thus, innate olfactory and gustatory behaviour is rather rigid and reflexive in nature, being executed almost regardless of other environmental cues. I suggest a behavioural circuit-model of chemosensory behaviour and the 'decision' process whether to behaviourally express a memory trace or not. This model reflects known components of the larval chemobehavioural circuit and provides clear hypotheses about the kinds of architecture to look for in the currently unknown parts of this circuit. The second chapter deals with gustatory perception and processing (especially of bitter substances). Quinine, the bitter tastant in tonic water and bitter lemon, is aversive for larvae, suppresses feeding behaviour and can act as aversive reinforcer in learning experiments. However, all three examined behaviours differ in their dose-effect dynamics, suggesting different molecular and cellular processing streams at some level. Innate choice behaviour, thought to be relatively reflexive and hard-wired, nevertheless can be influenced by the gustatory context. That is, attraction toward sweet tastants is decreased in presence of bitter tastants. The extent of this inhibitory effect depends on the concentration of both sweet and bitter tastant. Importantly, sweet tastants differ in their sensitivity to bitter interference, indicating a stimulus-specific mechanism. The molecular and cellular processes underlying the inhibitory effect of bitter tastants are unknown, but the behavioural results presented here provide a framework to further investigate interactions of gustatory processing streams.},
  subject      = {Lernen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Curtef2012,
  author    = {Curtef, Oana},
  title     = {Rayleigh-quotient optimization on tensor products of Grassmannians},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83383},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Applications in various research areas such as signal processing, quantum computing, and computer vision, can be described as constrained optimization tasks on certain subsets of tensor products of vector spaces. In this work, we make use of techniques from Riemannian geometry and analyze optimization tasks on subsets of so-called simple tensors which can be equipped with a differentiable structure. In particular, we introduce a generalized Rayleigh-quotient function on the tensor product of Grassmannians and on the tensor product of Lagrange- Grassmannians. Its optimization enables a unified approach to well-known tasks from different areas of numerical linear algebra, such as: best low-rank approximations of tensors (data compression), computing geometric measures of entanglement (quantum computing) and subspace clustering (image processing). We perform a thorough analysis on the critical points of the generalized Rayleigh-quotient and develop intrinsic numerical methods for its optimization. Explicitly, using the techniques from Riemannian optimization, we present two type of algorithms: a Newton-like and a conjugated gradient algorithm. Their performance is analysed and compared with established methods from the literature.},
  subject      = {Optimierung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Alb2012,
  author    = {Alb, Miriam},
  title     = {Tumorstroma-Immuntherapie und spontane Immunsuppression im Grm1-transgenen Melanom-Modell},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78890},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {5.1 Immuntherapie mit vom Tumorstroma abgeleiteten Peptiden Tumore bestehen nicht nur aus Tumorzellen, sondern auch aus der sie umgebenden extrazellul{\"a}ren Matrix (EZM), und Stromazellen wie Fibroblasten (cancer-associated fibroblast; CAF) und Endothelzellen (tumor endothelial cell; TEC). Diese Stromazellen haben durch die Aussch{\"u}ttung von Zytokinen, proteolytischen Enzymen, Wachstums- und Angiogenesefaktoren einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Tumorprogression. Sie unterscheiden sich von den Stromazellen der normalen Gewebe durch die Expression von sogenannten Tumorstroma-assoziierten Antigenen (TSAA). Damit sollten Therapien, die auf TSAA abzielen, universell einsetzbar und weniger anf{\"a}llig gegen{\"u}ber Resistenzentwicklungen (immune escape Mechanismen) sein, da Stromazellen im Gegensatz zu neoplastischen Zellen genetisch relativ stabil sind. F{\"u}r eine Immuntherapie mit vom Tumorstroma abgeleiteten Peptiden w{\"a}hlten wir die TSAA Endoglin und Fap, welche w{\"a}hrend der Wundheilung und im Tumorstroma induziert werden. Dabei sollte {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden, ob prophylaktische Vakzinierungen in C57Bl/6j M{\"a}usen Peptid-reaktive T-Zellen induzieren k{\"o}nnen, und das Wachstum von transplantieren Grm1-transgenen Tumoren reduziert werden kann. In der Tat konnten wir sowohl bei Endoglin- als auch bei Fap Peptid vakzinierten Tieren in vivo Peptid-reaktive Lymphozyten im Blut und zu einem geringeren Anteil auch in der Milz nachweisen, welche Peptid-gepulste syngene Milzzellen lysieren konnten. Allerdings konnte in beiden F{\"a}llen keine Reduktion des Tumorwachstums gegen{\"u}ber der Kontrollgruppe beobachtet werden. Bei der Fap-Peptid-vakzinierten Gruppe war das Tumorwachstum gegen{\"u}ber der Kontrollgruppe sogar gesteigert. Dies k{\"o}nnte darauf hindeuten, dass die Induktion Fap-Peptid-reaktiver T-Zellen tumorpromovierend wirkt. M{\"o}glicherweise k{\"o}nnte aber durch eine Modifikation des Vakzinierungsprotokolls bzw. durch eine Kombination mit anderen Immuntherapeutika ein verbessertes Ansprechen auf eine Endoglin bzw. Fap basierte Immuntherapie erzielt werden. 5.2 Immunsuppressive Mechanismen im Grm1-transgenen Melanom-Modell Grm1-transgene M{\"a}use entwickeln spontan kutane Melanome. Dieses Modell erlaubte es uns in der vorliegenden Arbeit spontane Immunantworten im Laufe der Melanomentstehung zu untersuchen. Hierf{\"u}r analysierten wir sowohl ex vivo als auch in vitro aus Milz und Lymphknoten gewonnene Lymphozyten von M{\"a}usen, welche keine Tumorl{\"a}sionen bzw. eine niedrige oder hohe Tumorlast aufwiesen. Dabei konnten wir ex vivo einen Anstieg der Frequenz aktivierter CD4+ und CD8+ Lymphozyten mit zunehmender Tumorlast zeigen. Bei tumortragenden Tieren exprimierten jedoch haupts{\"a}chlich CD4+ T-Zellen Aktivierungsmarker nach in vitro Stimulation. Interessanterweise waren diese Zellen tumortragender Tiere auch funktionell beeintr{\"a}chtigt, was sich in einer verminderten Proliferationskapazit{\"a}t nach in vitro Stimulation zeigte. Weitere Analysen ergaben, dass die erh{\"o}hte Frequenz regulatorischer T Zellen bei tumortragenden Tieren ein fr{\"u}hes Ereignis im Laufe der Tumorentstehung ist. Gleichzeitig konnte auch ein starker Anstieg der immunsupprimierenden Zytokine Tgf-β1 und Il-10 sowohl in den Lymphknoten als auch im Tumorgewebe beobachtet werden. Dabei war die Tgf-β1-Expression sowohl im Tumor als auch im tumor-drainierenden Lymphknoten erh{\"o}ht, w{\"a}hrend Il-10 im Tumor nur moderat exprimiert wurde, was eine komplexere Regulation der Il-10-Expression nahe legt. Dies bedeutet, dass in Grm1-transgenen M{\"a}usen {\"a}hnlich wie auch bei Melanompatienten zellul{\"a}re und zytokinabh{\"a}ngige Mechanismen zur Tumorentstehung beitragen und dieses Modell daher geeignet ist, um pr{\"a}klinisch immunmodulierende Therapieans{\"a}tze zu testen.},
  subject      = {Stroma},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{EmamiNemini2012,
  author    = {Emami-Nemini, Alexander Darius},
  title     = {Differential parathyroid hormone receptor signaling directed by adaptor proteins},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72369},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) regulates numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Hence GPCRs are of significant interest for pharmacological therapy. Embedded into cytoplasmic membranes, GPCRs represent the core of large signaling complexes, which are critical for transduction of exogenous stimuli towards activation of downstream signaling pathways. As a member of the GPCR family B, the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) activates adenylyl cyclases, phospholipases C β as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways, thereby mediating endocrine and paracrine effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), respectively. This regulates, calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism and bone development. Paradoxically, PTH is able to induce both catabolic and anabolic bone metabolism. The anabolic effect of PTH is successfully applied in the therapy of severe osteoporosis. Domination of anabolic or catabolic bone-metabolism is entailed by temporal and cell-type specific determinants. The molecular bases are presumably differential arrangements of adaptor proteins within large signaling complexes that may lead to differential activation of signaling pathways, thereby regulating physiological effects. The molecular mechanisms are largely unclear; thus, there is significant interest in revealing a better understanding of PTHR-related adaptor proteins. To identify novel adaptor proteins which direct PTHR signaling pathways, a proteomic screening approach was developed. In this screening, vav2, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for small GTPases which regulates cytoskeleton reorganization, was found to interact with intracellular domains of PTHR. Evidence is provided that vav2 impairs PTH-mediated phospholipase C β (PLCβ) signaling pathways by competitive interactions with G protein αq subunits. Vice versa, PTH was shown to regulate phosphorylation and subsequent GEF activity of vav2. These findings may thus shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PTH on bone metabolism by PLC-signaling, cell migration and cytoskeleton organization. In addition to the understanding of intracellular molecular signaling processes, screening for ligands is a fundamental and demanding prerequisite for modern drug development. To this end, ligand binding assays represent a fundamental technique. As a substitution for expensive and potentially harmful radioligand binding, fluorescence-based ligand-binding assays for PTHR were developed in this work. Based on time-resolved fluorescence, several assay variants were established to facilitate drug development for the PTHR.},
  subject      = {G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren},
  language  = {en}
}