@article{MitchellLiWeinholdetal.2016,
  author    = {Mitchell, Jonathan S. and Li, Ni and Weinhold, Niels and F{\"o}rsti, Asta and Ali, Mina and van Duin, Mark and Thorleifsson, Gudmar and Johnson, David C. and Chen, Bowang and Halvarsson, Britt-Marie and Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. and Kuiper, Rowan and Stephens, Owen W. and Bertsch, Uta and Broderick, Peter and Campo, Chiara and Einsele, Hermann and Gregory, Walter A. and Gullberg, Urban and Henrion, Marc and Hillengass, Jens and Hoffmann, Per and Jackson, Graham H. and Johnsson, Ellinor and J{\"o}ud, Magnus and Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y. and Lenhoff, Stig and Lenive, Oleg and Mellqvist, Ulf-Henrik and Migliorini, Gabriele and Nahi, Hareth and Nelander, Sven and Nickel, Jolanta and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Rafnar, Thorunn and Ross, Fiona M. and da Silva Filho, Miguel Inacio and Swaminathan, Bhairavi and Thomsen, Hauke and Turesson, Ingemar and Vangsted, Annette and Vogel, Ulla and Waage, Anders and Walker, Brian A. and Wihlborg, Anna-Karin and Broyl, Annemiek and Davies, Faith E. and Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur and Langer, Christian and Hansson, Markus and Kaiser, Martin and Sonneveld, Pieter and Stefansson, Kari and Morgan, Gareth J. and Goldschmidt, Hartmut and Hemminki, Kari and Nilsson, Bj{\"o}rn and Houlston, Richard S.},
  title     = {Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for multiple myeloma},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  doi       = {10.1038/ncomms12050},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165983},
  pages     = {12050},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with a significant heritable basis. Genome-wide association studies have transformed our understanding of MM predisposition, but individual studies have had limited power to discover risk loci. Here we perform a meta-analysis of these GWAS, add a new GWAS and perform replication analyses resulting in 9,866 cases and 239,188 controls. We confirm all nine known risk loci and discover eight new loci at 6p22.3 (rs34229995, P=1.31 × 10-8), 6q21 (rs9372120, P=9.09 × 10-15), 7q36.1 (rs7781265, P=9.71 × 10-9), 8q24.21 (rs1948915, P=4.20 × 10-11), 9p21.3 (rs2811710, P=1.72 × 10-13), 10p12.1 (rs2790457, P=1.77 × 10-8), 16q23.1 (rs7193541, P=5.00 × 10-12) and 20q13.13 (rs6066835, P=1.36 × 10-13), which localize in or near to JARID2, ATG5, SMARCD3, CCAT1, CDKN2A, WAC, RFWD3 and PREX1. These findings provide additional support for a polygenic model of MM and insight into the biological basis of tumour development.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vandeDonkPalumboJohnsenetal.2014,
  author    = {van de Donk, Niels W. C. J. and Palumbo, Antonio and Johnsen, Hans Erik and Engelhardt, Monika and Gay, Francesca and Gregersen, Henrik and Hajek, Roman and Kleber, Martina and Ludwig, Heinz and Morgan, Gareth and Musto, Pellegrino and Plesner, Torben and Sezer, Orhan and Terpos, Evangelos and Waage, Anders and Zweegman, Sonja and Einsele, Hermann and Sonneveld, Pieter and Lokhorst, Henk M.},
  title     = {The clinical relevance and management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and related disorders: recommendations from the European Myeloma Network},
  series = {Haematologica},
  volume    = {99},
  journal   = {Haematologica},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {0390-6078},
  doi       = {10.3324/haematol.2013.100552},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116050},
  pages     = {984 - 996},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is one of the most common pre-malignant disorders. IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance are precursor conditions of multiple myeloma; light-chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance of light-chain multiple myeloma; and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Clonal burden, as determined by bone marrow plasma cell percentage or M-protein level, as well as biological characteristics, including heavy chain isotype and light chain production, are helpful in predicting risk of progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to symptomatic disease. Furthermore, alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance patients result in an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis, infections, osteoporosis, and bone fractures. In addition, the small clone may occasionally be responsible for severe organ damage through the production of a monoclonal protein that has autoantibody activity or deposits in tissues. These disorders are rare and often require therapy directed at eradication of the underlying plasma cell or lymphoplasmacytic clone. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical relevance of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We also give general recommendations of how to diagnose and manage patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.},
  language  = {en}
}