@article{ThomannSchneiderCyranetal.2021,
  author    = {Thomann, Anna Sophie and Schneider, Theresa and Cyran, Laura and Eckert, Ina Nathalie and Kerstan, Andreas and Lutz, Manfred B.},
  title     = {Conversion of Anergic T Cells Into Foxp3\(^-\) IL-10\(^+\) Regulatory T Cells by a Second Antigen Stimulus In Vivo},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  issn      = {1664-3224},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2021.704578},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241429},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {T cell anergy is a common mechanism of T cell tolerance. However, although anergic T cells are retained for longer time periods in their hosts, they remain functionally passive. Here, we describe the induction of anergic CD4\(^+\) T cells in vivo by intravenous application of high doses of antigen and their subsequent conversion into suppressive Foxp3\(^-\) IL-10\(^+\) Tr1 cells but not Foxp3\(^+\) Tregs. We describe the kinetics of up-regulation of several memory-, anergy- and suppression-related markers such as CD44, CD73, FR4, CD25, CD28, PD-1, Egr-2, Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in this process. The conversion into suppressive Tr1 cells correlates with the transient intracellular CTLA-4 expression and required the restimulation of anergic cells in a short-term time window. Restimulation after longer time periods, when CTLA-4 is down-regulated again retains the anergic state but does not lead to the induction of suppressor function. Our data require further functional investigations but at this stage may suggest a role for anergic T cells as a circulating pool of passive cells that may be re-activated into Tr1 cells upon short-term restimulation with high and systemic doses of antigen. It is tentative to speculate that such a scenario may represent cases of allergen responses in non-allergic individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HussHalbgebauerOeckletal.2016,
  author    = {Huss, Andr{\´e} M. and Halbgebauer, Steffen and {\"O}ckl, Patrick and Trebst, Corinna and Spreer, Annette and Borisow, Nadja and Harrer, Andrea and Brecht, Isabel and Balint, Bettina and Stich, Oliver and Schlegel, Sabine and Retzlaff, Nele and Winkelmann, Alexander and Roesler, Romy and Lauda, Florian and Yildiz, {\"O}zlem and Voß, Elke and Muche, Rainer and Rauer, Sebastian and Bergh, Florian Then and Otto, Markus and Paul, Friedemann and Wildemann, Brigitte and Kraus, J{\"o}rg and Ruprecht, Klemens and Stangel, Martin and Buttmann, Mathias and Zettl, Uwe K. and Tumani, Hayrettin},
  title     = {Importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the era of McDonald 2010 criteria: a German-Austrian retrospective multicenter study in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome},
  series = {Journal of Neurology},
  volume    = {263},
  journal   = {Journal of Neurology},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00415-016-8302-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186619},
  pages     = {2499-2504},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The majority of patients presenting with a first clinical symptom suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) do not fulfill the MRI criteria for dissemination in space and time according to the 2010 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS and are thus classified as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). To re-evaluate the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in the context of the revised McDonald criteria from 2010, we conducted a retrospective multicenter study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictive value of oligoclonal IgG bands (OCBs) in patients with CIS. Patients were recruited from ten specialized MS centers in Germany and Austria. We collected data from 406 patients; at disease onset, 44/406 (11 \%) fulfilled the McDonald 2010 criteria for MS. Intrathecal IgG OCBs were detected in 310/362 (86 \%) of CIS patients. Those patients were twice as likely to convert to MS according to McDonald 2010 criteria as OCB-negative individuals (hazard ratio = 2.1, p = 0.0014) and in a shorter time period of 25 months (95 \% CI 21-34) compared to 47 months in OCB-negative individuals (95 \% CI 36-85). In patients without brain lesions at first attack and presence of intrathecal OCBs (30/44), conversion rate to MS was 60 \% (18/30), whereas it was only 21 \% (3/14) in those without OCBs. Our data confirm that in patients with CIS the risk of conversion to MS substantially increases if OCBs are present at onset. CSF analysis definitely helps to evaluate the prognosis in patients who do not have MS according to the revised McDonald criteria.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KesslerHertelJungkunstetal.2012,
  author    = {Kessler, Michael and Hertel, Dietrich and Jungkunst, Hermann F. and Kluge, J{\"u}rgen and Abrahamczyk, Stefan and Bos, Merijn and Buchori, Damayanti and Gerold, Gerhard and Gradstein, S. Robbert and K{\"o}hler, Stefan and Leuschner, Christoph and Moser, Gerald and Pitopang, Ramadhanil and Saleh, Shahabuddin and Schulze, Christian H. and Sporn, Simone G. and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Tjitrosoedirdjo, Sri S. and Tscharntke, Teja},
  title     = {Can Joint Carbon and Biodiversity Management in Tropical Agroforestry Landscapes Be Optimized?},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0047192},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132016},
  pages     = {e47192},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Managing ecosystems for carbon storage may also benefit biodiversity conservation, but such a potential 'win-win' scenario has not yet been assessed for tropical agroforestry landscapes. We measured above-and below-ground carbon stocks as well as the species richness of four groups of plants and eight of animals on 14 representative plots in Sulawesi, Indonesia, ranging from natural rainforest to cacao agroforests that have replaced former natural forest. The conversion of natural forests with carbon stocks of 227-362 Mg C ha\(^{-1}\) to agroforests with 82-211 Mg C ha\(^{-1}\) showed no relationships to overall biodiversity but led to a significant loss of forest-related species richness. We conclude that the conservation of the forest-related biodiversity, and to a lesser degree of carbon stocks, mainly depends on the preservation of natural forest habitats. In the three most carbon-rich agroforestry systems, carbon stocks were about 60\% of those of natural forest, suggesting that 1.6 ha of optimally managed agroforest can contribute to the conservation of carbon stocks as much as 1 ha of natural forest. However, agroforestry systems had comparatively low biodiversity, and we found no evidence for a tight link between carbon storage and biodiversity. Yet, potential win-win agroforestry management solutions include combining high shade-tree quality which favours biodiversity with cacao-yield adapted shade levels.},
  language  = {en}
}