@article{ZopfFreyKienitzetal.2017,
  author    = {Zopf, Kathrin and Frey, Kathrin R. and Kienitz, Tina and Ventz, Manfred and Bauer, Britta and Quinkler, Marcus},
  title     = {\(Bcl\)I polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor and adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency},
  series = {Endocrine Connections},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Endocrine Connections},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1530/EC-17-0269},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173276},
  pages     = {685-691},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Context: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Objectives: To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I in patients with PAI and CAH. Design and patients: This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented. Results: The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (n=29), CG (n=34) and GG (n=9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (1.5±1.4/pat year), CG (1.2±1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6±2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)). Conclusions: Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BornZinnerSperlich2017,
  author    = {Born, Dennis-Peter and Zinner, Christoph and Sperlich, Billy},
  title     = {The mucosal immune function is not compromised during a period of high-intensity interval training. Is it time to reconsider an old assumption?},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  number    = {485},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2017.00485},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158025},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the mucosal immune function and circadian variation of salivary cortisol, Immunoglobin-A (sIgA) secretion rate and mood during a period of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to long-slow distance training (LSD). Methods: Recreational male runners (n = 28) completed nine sessions of either HIIT or LSD within 3 weeks. The HIIT involved 4 × 4 min of running at 90-95\% of maximum heart rate interspersed with 3 min of active recovery while the LSD comprised of continuous running at 70-75\% of maximum heart rate for 60-80 min. The psycho-immunological stress-response was investigated with a full daily profile of salivary cortisol and immunoglobin-A (sIgA) secretion rate along with the mood state on a baseline day, the first and last day of training and at follow-up 4 days after the last day of training. Before and after the training period, each athlete's running performance and peak oxygen uptake (V·O\(_{2peak}\)) was determined with an incremental exercise test. Results: The HIIT resulted in a longer time-to-exhaustion (P = 0.02) and increased V·O\(_{2peak}\) compared to LSD (P = 0.01). The circadian variation of sIgA secretion rate showed highest values in the morning immediately after waking up followed by a decrease throughout the day in both groups (P < 0.05). With HIIT, the wake-up response of sIgA secretion rate was higher on the last day of training (P < 0.01) as well as the area under the curve (AUC\(_{G}\)) higher on the first and last day of training and follow-up compared to the LSD (P = 0.01). Also the AUC\(_{G}\) for the sIgA secretion rate correlated with the increase in V·O\(_{2peak}\) and running performance. The AUC\(_{G}\) for cortisol remained unaffected on the first and last day of training but increased on the follow-up day with both, HIIT and LSD (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The increased sIgA secretion rate with the HIIT indicates no compromised mucosal immune function compared to LSD and shows the functional adaptation of the mucosal immune system in response to the increased stress and training load of nine sessions of HIIT.},
  language  = {en}
}