@article{BogdanMollSolbachetal.1990,
  author    = {Bogdan, Christian and Moll, Heidrun and Solbach, Werner and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {Tumor necrosis factor-\(\alpha\) in combination with interferon-\(\gamma\), but not with interleukin 4 activates murine macrophages for elimination of Leishmania major amastigotes},
  volume    = {20},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31614},
  pages     = {1131 -- 1135},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {We have previously shown that during an infection with Leishmania major, susceptible BALB/c mice, as opposed to mice of a resistant strain (C57BLl6), are primed by lipopolysaccharide for the production of high levels of tumor necrosis factor-\(\alpha\) (TNF-\(\alpha\)) which is known to be a potent maerophage M\(\Phi\) stimulator in other parasitic diseases. In the present study we investigated whether TNF-\(\alpha\) activates M\(\Phi\) for killing of L. major parasites. In the absence of interferon-y (IFN-\(\gamma\)) or lipopolysaccharide, TNF-\(\alpha\) (0.025-25000 U/ml) failed to activate peritoneal exudate M\(\Phi\) from BALB/c mice for killling of L. major amastigotes. In the presence of suboptimal doses of IFN-\(\gamma\) (5 or 10 Vlml), however, TNF-\(\alpha\) mediated a rapid elimination of intracellular parasites, which was highly significant compared to IFN-\(\gamma\) alone. Tbe combination of TNF with interleukin 4, in contrast, was inactive in this respect and allowed survival of intracellular parasites. From these data we conelude that the presence of IFN-\(\gamma\) is crucial for TNF-\(\alpha\)-mediated killing of L. major parasites by M\(\Phi\). Disease progression in susceptible mice therefore seems to be a consequence of a deficiency of IFN-\(\gamma\) and a predominance of interleukin 4 rather than the result of an excess amount of TNF-\(\alpha\).},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HandmanMitchellMcConvilleetal.1987,
  author    = {Handman, E. and Mitchell, G. F. and McConville, M. J. and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Towards a carbohydrate-based vaccine against leishmaniasis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33827},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollRoellinghoff1991,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {T-cell reactivity to purified lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania major: A model for analysis of the cellular immune response to microbial carbohydrates.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33022},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The major macromolecule on the surface o/Leishmania majorpromastigotes is a lipophosphoglycan (LPG). This glycoconjugate plays a key role in determining infectivity and survival of para-sites in the mammalian host cell. In addition, L. major LPG is able to induce a host-protective immune response. In this article, we summarise the evidence for recognition of highly purified LPG by T cells and we discuss the potential mechanisms of T-cell Stimulation by this non-protein antigen.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzRemerNahrendorfetal.2013,
  author    = {Schwarz, Tobias and Remer, Katharina A. and Nahrendorf, Wiebke and Masic, Anita and Siewe, Lisa and M{\"u}ller, Werner and Roers, Axel and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {T Cell-Derived IL-10 Determines Leishmaniasis Disease Outcome and Is Suppressed by a Dendritic Cell Based Vaccine},
  series = {PLoS Pathogens},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS Pathogens},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1003476},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130385},
  pages     = {e1003476},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Abstract In the murine model of Leishmania major infection, resistance or susceptibility to the parasite has been associated with the development of a Th1 or Th2 type of immune response. Recently, however, the immunosuppressive effects of IL-10 have been ascribed a crucial role in the development of the different clinical correlates of Leishmania infection in humans. Since T cells and professional APC are important cellular sources of IL-10, we compared leishmaniasis disease progression in T cell-specific, macrophage/neutrophil-specific and complete IL-10-deficient C57BL/6 as well as T cell-specific and complete IL-10-deficient BALB/c mice. As early as two weeks after infection of these mice with L. major, T cell-specific and complete IL-10-deficient animals showed significantly increased lesion development accompanied by a markedly elevated secretion of IFN-γ or IFN-γ and IL-4 in the lymph nodes draining the lesions of the C57BL/6 or BALB/c mutants, respectively. In contrast, macrophage/neutrophil-specific IL-10-deficient C57BL/6 mice did not show any altered phenotype. During the further course of disease, the T cell-specific as well as the complete IL-10-deficient BALB/c mice were able to control the infection. Furthermore, a dendritic cell-based vaccination against leishmaniasis efficiently suppresses the early secretion of IL-10, thus contributing to the control of parasite spread. Taken together, IL-10 secretion by T cells has an influence on immune activation early after infection and is sufficient to render BALB/c mice susceptible to an uncontrolled Leishmania major infection. Author Summary The clinical symptoms caused by infections with Leishmania parasites range from self-healing cutaneous to uncontrolled visceral disease and depend not only on the parasite species but also on the type of the host's immune response. It is estimated that 350 million people worldwide are at risk, with a global incidence of 1-1.5 million cases of cutaneous and 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis. Murine leishmaniasis is the best-characterized model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania major parasites in vivo. Using T cell-specific and macrophage-specific mutant mice, we demonstrate that abrogating the secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 by T cells is sufficient to render otherwise susceptible mice resistant to an infection with the pathogen. The healing phenotype is accompanied by an elevated specific inflammatory immune response very early after infection. We further show that dendritic cell-based vaccination against leishmaniasis suppresses the early secretion of IL-10 following challenge infection. Thus, our study unravels a molecular mechanism critical for host immune defense, aiding in the development of an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GillitzerMoll1993,
  author    = {Gillitzer, Reinhard and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Simultaneous demonstration of two antigens with immunogold-silver staining and immunoenzymatic labeling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33019},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {A novel technique for independent and simultaneous labeling of two antigens expressed on individual cells (referred to as mixed labeling) is presented. The staining procedure combined three-step (streptavidin-biotin) immunogold-silver staining with three-step immunoenzymatic labeling. To ensure both high specificity and high sensitivity, particular emphasis was placed on designing a protocol that avoids immunological crossreactivity between the antibody reagents and overlapping of the final color products. Two examples for usage of this mixed labeling technique are described: lymphocyte subpopulations were identified in inflammatory lesions of human skin and infected host cells were characterized in the skin of mice infected with the obligatory intracellular parasite Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollRoellinghoff1990,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {Resistance to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis is mediated by T\(_H\)1 cells, but disease-promoting CD4\(^+\) cells are different from T\(_H\)2 cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61305},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollScollayMitchell1988,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Scollay, R. and Mitchell, G. F.},
  title     = {Resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in nude mice injected with L3T4+ T cells but not with Ly-2+ T cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61269},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollEmmrichSimon1985,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Emmrich, F. and Simon, Markus M.},
  title     = {Recombinant human interleukin 2 directly provides signals for the proliferation and functional maturation of murine B lymphocytes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34090},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {In this study the effect of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rec.hIL-2) on the proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes was investigated. It was found that the presence of rec.hIL 2 results in proliferation of mitogen (LPS)-activated B cell blasts. In addition, it is shown that highly enriched murine B cells can be induced by rec.hIL-2 to proliferate and to develop into antibody-secreting cells (PFC) in the presence of antigen (SRBC). When tested for its effect on B cell preparations enriched for resting (small) or activated (blasted) B lymphocytes, it was found that rec.hIL 2 provides signals for both B cell populations to develop into PFC. In contrast, induction of proliferation by the same lymphokine source was only seen in blasted B cells. The data indicate that IL 2 is involved in the generation of B effector cells by directly acting on their precursors thereby providing differentiation as well as proliferation signals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EmmrichMollSimon1985,
  author    = {Emmrich, F. and Moll, Heidrun and Simon, Markus M.},
  title     = {Recombinant human interleukin 2 acts as a B cell growth and differentiation promoting factor},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34132},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {Human B cells appropriately activated by a B cell mitogen are rendered susceptible to human Interleukin 2 (IL-2) as demonstrated with recombinant human IL-2 (rec. h IL-2). They show increased proliferation and drastically enhanced immunoglobulin secretion. Susceptibility to IL-2 is accompanied with the expression of the IL-2 receptor (Tac antigen) on B cells. The data suggest that IL-2 is one of the lymphokines directly involved in the activation of B lymphocytes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollBinoederBogdanetal.1990,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Bin{\"o}der, Kerstin and Bogdan, Christian and Solbach, Werner and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {Production of tumour necrosis factor during murine cutaneous leishmaniasis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61291},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {We have assessed the role of tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF) during cutaneous leishmaniasis and demonstrated that significant levels of TNF were released by spleen cells from infected mice after in cirro restimulation with Leishmania major promastigotes. Spleen cells from both genetically resistant and genetically susceptible mice were equally capable of producing TNF. After challenge with bacterial endotoxin, TNF activity could also be demonstrated in the serum of L. mujor-infected mice and the titres correlated with the course of cutaneous disease in susceptible and resistant mice. TNF did not exert a direct leishmanicidal effect in uitro. Furthermore, our study indicated that macrophages are the source of L. major-induced TNF activity and that its elicitation is dependent on the presence of T cells. These findings suggest that TNF acts in concert with other cytokines produced during L. major infection and that its role depends on the composition of T cell subsets and cytokines present.},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FirdessaGoodAmstaldenetal.2015,
  author    = {Firdessa, Rebuma and Good, Liam and Amstalden, Maria Cecilia and Chindera, Kantaraja and Kamaruzzaman, Nor Fadhilah and Schultheis, Martina and R{\"o}ger, Bianca and Hecht, Nina and Oelschlaeger, Tobias A. and Meinel, Lorenz and L{\"u}hmann, Tessa and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Pathogen- and host-directed antileishmanial effects mediated by polyhexanide (PHMB)},
  series = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0004041},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148162},
  pages     = {e0004041},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. CL causes enormous suffering in many countries worldwide. There is no licensed vaccine against CL, and the chemotherapy options show limited efficacy and high toxicity. Localization of the parasites inside host cells is a barrier to most standard chemo- and immune-based interventions. Hence, novel drugs, which are safe, effective and readily accessible to third-world countries and/or drug delivery technologies for effective CL treatments are desperately needed. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we evaluated the antileishmanial properties and delivery potential of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; polyhexanide), a widely used antimicrobial and wound antiseptic, in the Leishmania model. PHMB showed an inherent antileishmanial activity at submicromolar concentrations. Our data revealed that PHMB kills Leishmania major (L. major) via a dual mechanism involving disruption of membrane integrity and selective chromosome condensation and damage. PHMB's DNA binding and host cell entry properties were further exploited to improve the delivery and immunomodulatory activities of unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). PHMB spontaneously bound CpG ODN, forming stable nanopolyplexes that enhanced uptake of CpG ODN, potentiated antimicrobial killing and reduced host cell toxicity of PHMB. Conclusions Given its low cost and long history of safe topical use, PHMB holds promise as a drug for CL therapy and delivery vehicle for nucleic acid immunomodulators.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlankFuchsRappersbergeretal.1993,
  author    = {Blank, Christine and Fuchs, Harald and Rappersberger, Klemens and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Parasitism of epidermal Langerhans cells in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis with Leishmania major},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45850},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been demonstrated to stimulate a vigorous T cell response to Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. It was therefore of interest to analyze whether LC can take up viable parasites. Epidermal cells were obtained from mouse ear skin for incubation with L. major and subsequent detection of intracellular parasites by cytochemistry. Freshly isolated LC, but not cultured LC, phagocytosed L. major and the uptake was inhibited by antibodies to the complement receptor type 3. Electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of viable amastigotes within Le. Moreover, with double-Iabeling techniques, L. major-containing LC could also be detected in infected skin. The results demonstrate that LC can internalize L. major. Since the number of organisms per infected LC remained consistently low, the prime task of LC may not be the promotion of parasite spreading but the presentation of L. major antigen to T cells and, thus, the regulation of the cellular immunity during cutaneous leishmaniasis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TiuDavernGarciaetal.1989,
  author    = {Tiu, W. U. and Davern, K. M. and Garcia, E. G. and Moll, Heidrun and Mitchell, Graham F.},
  title     = {Monoclonal antibodies reacting with Schistosoma japonicum eggs and their target epitopes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30916},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Ten monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) raised to Schistosoma japonicum eggs could be assigned using several serological and immunochemical techniques to 3 groups. The McAbs, termed A, B and C-McAbs, apparently recognize carbohydrate epitopes that can be located on the same antigen molecule. The antibodies, generally of IgM isotype, are idiotypically related. They are distinct from another IgM McAb (Group D-McAb) the carbohydrate target epitope of which can also be associated with the epitopes of A. B and C-McAbs. The McAbs produce large vacuolated bleb reactions in the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) and target epitopes have different representations in various life cycle stages such as immature and mature eggs, male and female worms (including S. mansoni). Antigens affinity purified on columns containing A, B, C and D-McAbs stimulate proliferation of T cells from egg-sensitized mice and elicit DTH reactions in such mice. This raises the possibility that the target antigens of these carbohydrate-reactive monoclonal antibodies are immunopathologic and involved in egg-induced granuloma formation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SolbachMollRoellinghoff1991,
  author    = {Solbach, Werner and Moll, Heidrun and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {Lymphocytes play the music but the macrophage calls the tune},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45889},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollFuchsBlanketal.1993,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Fuchs, Harald and Blank, Christine and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {Langerhans cells transport Leishmania major from the infected skin to the draining lymph node for presentation to antigen-specific T cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46023},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollScollay1989,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Scollay, Roland},
  title     = {L3T4+ T cells promoting susceptibility to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis express the surface marker Ly-24 (Pgp-1)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61275},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollEichmannSimon1985,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Eichmann, K. and Simon, M. M.},
  title     = {Immunoregulation by mouse T-cell clones. II. The same H-Y-specific T helper clone can provide help for the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and of antibody-secreting cells.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30903},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {Mouse H-Y-specific and I-Ab restricted T-cell clones have been established and compared for their helper effects in the differentiation ofboth T and B Iymphocytes. The results demonstrate that three individual T -cell clones and one subclone could help in the antigen-driven induction of cytotoxic Iymphocytes (CTL) from their precursor cells (CTL-P), and were able to activate B cells to develop into antibody-secreting cells (PFC) in the presence of SRBC, provided the cloned T cells were restimulated by H-Y antigen on antigen-presenting cells. In addition, antigen or lectin could induce the same H -Y -specific T -cell clones to secrete factor(s) expressing helper activities similar to that ofthe cloned T cells. Furthermore, it is shown that the T cell-derived soluble mediator(s) was distinct from T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and from immune interferon (lFN-y). The data reveal a new type ofT cell with helper potential for the activation ofCTL-P and B Iymphocytes, and suggest the existence of distinct T helper cells which can provide help for both cytotoxic and antibody responses by virtue of different Iymphokine activities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SimonMollPresteretal.1984,
  author    = {Simon, Markus M. and Moll, Heidrun and Prester, Marlot and Nerz, Gaby and Eichmann, Klaus},
  title     = {Immunoregulation by mouse T-cell clones. I. Suppression and amplification of cytotoxic responses by cloned H-Y-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30892},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {H-Y-specific and H-2Db-restricted, Lyt-1 "2+ T-cell clones (CTLL) with graded specific cytotoxic activities on male C57BL/6 (B6) target cells (1E3, +++; 2C5, ++; 2A5, +, 3E6, ±) were tested for their capacity to inhibit the generation of H-Y-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro. Addition of irradiated lymphocytes of CTLL 1E3 and CTLL 3E6 but not those of CTLL 2A5 or CTLL 2C5 abolished the generation of CTL from in vivo primed H-Y-specific precursor cells (CTLP) when added to fresh mixed-lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Exogenous sources of T-cell growth factors (TCGF) did not overcome suppression. Rather the presence of TCGF resulted in a further enhancement of suppressive activities in CTLL 1E3 and 3E6 and the induction of similar activities in cells from CTLL 2A5 and 2C5, which by themselves were not inhibitory. Moreover when added to similar MLC on Day 1 instead of Day 0, only irradiated cells of CTLL 3E6 but not those of the other three CTLL were suppressive. Induction of suppressive activities in H-Y-specific CTLL was independent of the appropriate male stimulator cells since it was also observed in MLC induced by irrelevant antigens (H-2, trinitrophenol). Furthermore at low cell numbers, irradiated lymphocytes from any of the CTLL consistently enhanced CTL activities generated from H-Y-specific CTLP. This augmenting activity, which was not TCGF, could be transferred by soluble mediators present in antigen-sensitized CTLL cultures. Thus, these data indicate (i) that cytotoxic effector cells can function as suppressor cells in the generation of CTL, (ii) that the cytotoxic activity of cloned CTL does not correlate with their capacity to suppress CTL responses, (iii) that the inhibition of CTL responses by CTLL is not due to simple consumption of T-cell growth factors produced in MLC, and (iv) that different CTL clones may interfere with the generation of CTL at different stages of their maturation. Moreover, the experiments suggest an antigen-independent enhancement of suppression by the interaction of CTL with lymphokines. Together with the augmenting activity evoked by cloned CTL the data provide strong evidence for the expression of multiple immunological functions by one particular subset of T cells and suggest that cytotoxic effector cells can differentially regulate the maturation and/or clonal expression of their precursor cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SimonNerzPresteretal.1985,
  author    = {Simon, M. M. and Nerz, G. and Prester, M. and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Immunoregulation by mouse T cell clones III. Cloned H-Y-specific cytotoxic T cells secrete a soluble mediator(s) that inhibits cytotoxic responses by acting on both Lyt-2\(^-\) and L3T4\(^-\)- lymphocytes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31625},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {In this study we report that cloned Thy-l +, L3T4-, Lyt-l-, Lyt-2+, H-Y-specific and H-2Db-restricted cytotoxic T ce11 lines (CTLL) when indueed by lectin or antigen secrete a soluble mediator(s) (SF) that inhibits proliferation and generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The biological activity was separable by gel filtration and appeared as a broad peak in the moleeular mass range between 10000 and 50000 kDa. It was found that the suppressive activity released by CTLL neither strictly correlates with their cytotoxic potential nor with their ability to produce immune interferon or Iymphotoxin. SF was shown to elicitits activity in an antigen-nonspeeific manner in that it suppressed the maturation of T lymphocytes responding to both, the appropriate H-Y antigen as weH as to unrelated H_2d alloantigens or to the hapten 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP). The effect of SF on CTL responses was most pronounced in early phases of primary or secondary MLC. When analyzed for its inhibitory activity on precursor ceHs in populations selected for either Lyt-2- or L3T4- lymphocytes, it was found that SF interfered with the maturation of both subsets. The inhibition of CTL responses elicited by SF could not be reversed by the addition of exogenous interleukin 2. The findtng that SF also inhi. bited the proliferation of some but not a11 antigen-dependent cloned T ceHs with helper or eytc'toxic potential provides evidence that the faetor also may regulate effector lymphl)cytes. In addition, the results support the assumption that SF exerts its effect direetly on the responder rather than the stimulator population, and demonstrate that the development of CTL from their preeursor eeHs is contro11ed at least in part by the eytotoxic effeetor cells themselves via a soluble factor(s) that interferes with distinct stages of T ce11 maturation. These findings again emphasize the expression of multiple functions by CTL and indieate their possible role du ring the course of an immune response by their capability to eliminate target cells and to secrete a soluble product(s) that mediates feedback contro!.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollMuellerGillitzeretal.1991,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and M{\"u}ller, Christoph and Gillitzer, Reinhard and Fuchs, Harald and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin and Simon, Markus M. and Kramer, Michael D.},
  title     = {Expression of T-cell-associated serine proteinase-1 during murine Leishmania major infection correlates with susceptibility to disease},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61311},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The expression of T-cell-associated serine proteinase 1 (MTSP-1) in vivo during Leishmania major infection was analyzed in genetically resistant C57BL/6 mice and in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. Using a monoclonal antibody as well as an RNA probe specific for MTSP-1 to stain tissue sections, we found T cells expressing MTSP-1 in skin lesions and spleens of mice of both strains. In skin lesions, MTSP-1-positive T cells could be detected as early as 3 days after infection. Most importantly, the frequency of T cells expressing MTSP-1 was significantly higher in susceptible BALB/c mice than in resistant C57BL/6 mice. These findings suggest that MTSP-1 is associated with disease-promoting T cells and that it may be an effector molecule involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Moll1993,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: Langerhans cells internalize Leishmania major and induce an antigen-specific T-cell response.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30932},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollMitchellMcConvilleetal.1989,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Mitchell, Graham F. and McConville, Malcom J. and Handman, Emanuela},
  title     = {Evidence for T cell recognition in mice of a purified lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania major},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61288},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {We have previously reported that a Leishmania major lipophosphoglycan (LPG), given with killed Corynebacterium parvum as an adjuvant, can vaccinate mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis. In order to analyze whetber T cells are able to recognize this important parasite antigen, we have studied both humoral and cellular immune responses to L. major LPG that bad been isolated from promastigotes by sequential solvent extraction and bydrophobic chromatography. The data sbow that immunization of mice with highly purified LPG induced an increase in frequency of L. major-reactive T cells and the production of immunoglobulin G antibodies to LPG. Furthermore, genetically resistant mice infected with L. major were able to develop a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the ear to L. major LPG. These findings strongly suggest that T cells can recognize and respond to glycolipid antigens, in this case a bost-protective Leishmania LPG, even though such antigens appear not to be potent T-cell stimulators in mice.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Moll1993,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Epidermal Langerhans cells are critical for immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61323},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {In leishmaniasis, macrophages are known to play a central role as modulators of the specific immune activity. In this article, Heidrun Moll presents evidence for the critical involvement of another component of the skin immune system, the epidermal Langerhans cell. She proposes that Langerhans cells take up parasites in the skin and transport them to the draining lymph node for presentation to T cells and initiation of the specific immune response.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Moll1993,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Development of helper T cell subsets: a central role for interleukin 12},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30975},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MasicHurdayalNieuwenhuizenetal.2012,
  author    = {Masic, Anita and Hurdayal, Ramona and Nieuwenhuizen, Natalie E. and Brombacher, Frank and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Dendritic Cell-Mediated Vaccination Relies on Interleukin-4 Receptor Signaling to Avoid Tissue Damage after Leishmania major Infection of BALB/c Mice},
  series = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0001721},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133869},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Prevention of tissue damages at the site of Leishmania major inoculation can be achieved if the BALB/c mice are systemically given L. major antigen (LmAg)-loaded bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) that had been exposed to CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). As previous studies allowed establishing that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is involved in the redirection of the immune response towards a type 1 profile, we were interested in further exploring the role of IL-4. Thus, wild-type (wt) BALB/c mice or DC-specific IL-4 receptor \(\alpha\) (IL-4R \(\alpha\))-deficient (CD11c\(^{cre}\)IL-4R \(\alpha^{-/lox}\) BALB/c mice were given either wt or IL-4R \(\alpha\)-deficient LmAg-loaded bone marrow-derived DC exposed or not to CpG ODN prior to inoculation of 2x10\(^5\) stationary-phase L. major promastigotes into the BALB/c footpad. The results provide evidence that IL4/IL-4R alpha-mediated signaling in the vaccinating DC is required to prevent tissue damage at the site of L. major inoculation, as properly conditioned wt DC but not IL-4R alpha-deficient DC were able to confer resistance. Furthermore, uncontrolled L. major population size expansion was observed in the footpad and the footpad draining lymph nodes of CD11c\(^{cre}\)IL-4R \(\alpha^{-/lox}\) mice immunized with CpG ODN-exposed LmAg-loaded IL-4R \(\alpha\)-deficient DC, indicating the influence of IL-4R \(\alpha\)-mediated signaling in host DC to control parasite replication. In addition, no footpad damage occurred in BALB/c mice that were systemically immunized with LmAg-loaded wt DC doubly exposed to CpG ODN and recombinant IL-4. We discuss these findings and suggest that the IL4/IL4R \(\alpha\) signaling pathway could be a key pathway to trigger when designing vaccines aimed to prevent damaging processes in tissues hosting intracellular microorganisms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrischholzRoellinghoffMoll1994,
  author    = {Frischholz., S. and R{\"o}llinghoff, M. and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Co-ordinate expression of granzyme A and lymphokines by CD4\(^+\) T cells from susceptible mice.},
  series = {Immunology},
  volume    = {82},
  journal   = {Immunology},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30954},
  pages     = {255 -- 260},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {We have recently demonstrated that the frequency ofT cells expressing granzyme A is significantly higher in skin lesions and spleens of susceptible BALB/c mice compared with resistant C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the present study, we have performed in vitro studies to characterize the subpopulation, the antigen responsiveness and the lymphokine production pattern of granzyme A-expressing T cells in L. major-infected mice. Using a limiting dilution system for functional analysis of selected T cells at the clonallevel, we could show that granzyme A activity in infected BALB/c mice can be assigned to L. major-reactive CD4\(^+\) T cells secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Granzyme A production was most pronounced in the early phase of infection. On the other hand, granzyme A expression could not be detected in C57BL/6-derived T cells responding to L. major. The da ta support the suggestion that granzyme A is produced by L. major-responsive CD4\(^+\) T cells facilitating lesion formation and the dissemination of infection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KramerBinningerSchirrmacheretal.1986,
  author    = {Kramer, Michael D. and Binninger, Linda and Schirrmacher, Volker and Moll, Heidrun and Prester, Marlot and Nerz, Gaby and Simon, Markus M.},
  title     = {Characterization and isolation of a trypsin-like serine protease from a long-term culture cytolytic t cell line andits expression by functionally distinct T cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31636},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GlaserSchultheisHazraetal.2014,
  author    = {Glaser, Jan and Schultheis, Martina and Hazra, Sudipta and Hazra, Banazri and Moll, Heidrun and Schurigt, Uta and Holzgrabe, Ulrike},
  title     = {Antileishmanial Lead Structures from Nature: Analysis of Structure-Activity Relationships of a Compound Library Derived from Caffeic Acid Bornyl Ester},
  doi       = {10.3390/molecules19021394},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112835},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes lead to the isolation and identification of caffeic acid bornyl ester (1) as the active component against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes (IC50 = 48.8 µM). To investigate the structure-activity relationship (SAR), a library of compounds based on 1 was synthesized and tested in vitro against L. major and L. donovani promastigotes, and L. major amastigotes. Cytotoxicity was determined using a murine J774.1 cell line and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Some compounds showed antileishmanial activity in the concentration range of pentamidine and miltefosine which are the standard drugs in use. In the L. major amastigote assay compounds 15, 19 and 20 showed good activity with relatively low cytotoxicity against BMDM, resulting in acceptable selectivity indices. Molecules with adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups exhibited elevated cytotoxicity against murine cell lines J774.1 and BMDM. The Michael system seems not to be essential for antileishmanial activity. Based on the results compound 27 can be regarded as new lead structure for further structure optimization},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GlaserSchultheisMolletal.2015,
  author    = {Glaser, Jan and Schultheis, Martina and Moll, Heidrun and Hazra, Banasri and Holzgrabe, Ulrike},
  title     = {Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Compounds from Valeriana wallichii and Identification of a Novel Nepetolactone Derivative},
  series = {Molecules},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Molecules},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.3390/molecules20045740},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125320},
  pages     = {5740-5753},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes was investigated to elucidate the structures responsible for reported antileishmanial activity. Besides bornyl caffeate (1, already been reported by us previously), bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in two additional cinnamic acid derivatives 2-3 with moderate leishmanicidal activity. The structure of a novel nepetolactone derivative 4 having a cinnamic acid moiety was elucidated by means of spectral analysis. To the best of our knowledge villoside aglycone (5) was isolated from this plant for the first time. The bioassay-guided fractionation yielded two new (compounds 6-7) and two known valtrates (compounds 8-9) with leishmanicidal potential against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes. In addition, β-bisabolol (10), α-kessyl alcohol (11), valeranone (12), bornyl isovalerate (13) and linarin-2-O-methylbutyrate (14) were identified. This is the first report on the isolation of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin (15), podophyllotoxin (16) and pinoresinol (17) in V. wallichii. In total thirteen known and four new compounds were identified from the extract and their cytotoxic and antileishmanial properties were evaluated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PimentelElardoKozytskaBugnietal.2010,
  author    = {Pimentel-Elardo, Sheila Marie and Kozytska, Svitlana and Bugni, Tim S. and Ireland, Chris M. and Moll, Heidrun and Hentschel, Ute},
  title     = {Anti-Parasitic Compounds from Streptomyces sp. Strains Isolated from Mediterranean Sponges},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68312},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Actinomycetes are prolific producers of pharmacologically important compounds accounting for about 70\% of the naturally derived antibiotics that are currently in clinical use. In this study, we report on the isolation of Streptomyces sp. strains from Mediterranean sponges, on their secondary metabolite production and on their screening for anti-infective activities. Bioassay-guided isolation and purification yielded three previously known compounds namely, cyclic depsipeptide valinomycin, indolocarbazole alkaloid staurosporine and butenolide. This is the first report of the isolation of valinomycin from a marine source. These compounds exhibited novel anti-parasitic activities specifically against Leishmania major (valinomycin IC50 < 0.11 μM; staurosporine IC50 5.30 μM) and Trypanosoma brucei brucei (valinomycin IC50 0.0032 μM; staurosporine IC50 0.022 μM; butenolide IC50 31.77 μM). These results underscore the potential of marine actinomycetes to produce bioactive compounds as well as the re-evaluation of previously known compounds for novel anti-infective activities.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollMitchell1988,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and Mitchell, Graham F.},
  title     = {Analysis of variables associated with the promotion of resistance, and its abrogation, in T cell-reconstituted nude mice infected with Leishmania major},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30949},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfefferSchoelGulleetal.1991,
  author    = {Pfeffer, K. and Schoel, H. and Gulle, H. and Moll, Heidrun and Kromer, S. and Kaufmann, S. H. E. and Wagner, H.},
  title     = {Analysis of primary T cell responses to intact and fractionated microbial pathogens},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46916},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Freshly isolated human T lymphocytes were tested for their response to mycobacteria, mycobacteriallysates, 2 dimensional (2D) PAGE separated mycobacteriallysates, leishmania and defined leishmanial antigen preparations. While,o T cells proliferated vigourously in the presence of mycobacteria and mycobacteria derived lysates, a significant stimulation from 2 D gel separated lysates was not detected. In addition '10 T cells failed to respond towards leishmania or leishmanial components. In the ab T cell compartment some donors, presumably according to their state of immunity against mycobacteria, responded to mycobacteria, mycobacterial lysates and 2 D gel separated mycobacterial lysates. Neither freshly isolated '10 T cells nor ab T cells from naive donors did mount a significant immune response against leishmania.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GillitzerBergerMoll1990,
  author    = {Gillitzer, Reinhard and Berger, Rudolf and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {A reliable method for simultaneous demonstration of two antigens using a novel combination of immunogold-silver staining with immunoenzymatic labeling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31092},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {We have developed a reliable and sensitive immunohistochemical staining technique which allows the simultaneous demonstration of two different antigens expressed in or on the same cell (referred to as mixed labeling), together with the evaluation of the general histopathological appearance of the tissue. The staining procedure combines a three-step (streptavidin-biotin) immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) with a three-step immunoenzymatic labeling. For this purpose, we investigated the compatibility ofIGSS with various substrates of peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase (AP). Highly reliable and discernible mixed labeling was achieved only after iniriallabeling with IGSS followed by AP labeling using the substrates naphthol AS-MX phosphate/Fast Blue or naphthol AS-HI phosphate/New Fuchsin, respectively. To ensure utmost specificity, we applied FlTC-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibodies and rabbit anti-FlTC immunoglobulins visualized by AP-labeled immunoglobulins and the respective substrate in a final step. This novel approach provides an excellent means for demonstration of immunocompetent cells and unequivocal determination of the percentage of specific cell subsets in infiltrated tissue. The advantages of this method, as compared with double immunofluorescence or double immunoenzymatic labeling, were investigated and are discussed. (J Histochem Cytochem 38:307-313, 1990)},
  language  = {en}
}