@article{KerwagenRiemerWachteretal.2023,
  author    = {Kerwagen, Fabian and Riemer, Uwe and Wachter, Rolf and von Haehling, Stephan and Abdin, Amr and B{\"o}hm, Michael and Schulz, Martin and St{\"o}rk, Stefan},
  title     = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on implementation of novel guideline-directed medical therapies for heart failure in Germany: a nationwide retrospective analysis},
  series = {The Lancet Regional Health - Europe},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {The Lancet Regional Health - Europe},
  issn      = {2666-7762},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100778},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350510},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is the cornerstone in the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and novel substances such as sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated marked clinical benefits. We investigated their implementation into real-world HF care in Germany before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods The IQVIA LRx data set is based on ∼80\% of 73 million people covered by the German statutory health insurance. Prescriptions of S/V were used as a proxy for HFrEF. Time trends were analysed between Q1/2016 and Q2/2023 for prescriptions for S/V alone and in combination therapy with SGLT2i. Findings The number of patients treated with S/V increased from 5260 in Q1/2016 to 351,262 in Q2/2023. The share of patients with combination therapy grew from 0.6\% (29 of 5260) to 14.2\% (31,128 of 219,762) in Q2/2021, and then showed a steep surge up to 54.8\% (192,429 of 351,262) in Q2/2023, coinciding with the release of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for HF in Q3/2021. Women and patients aged >80 years were treated less often with combined therapy than men and younger patients. With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients with new S/V prescriptions dropped by 17.5\% within one quarter, i.e., from 26,855 in Q1/2020 to 22,145 in Q2/2020, and returned to pre-pandemic levels only in Q1/2021. Interpretation The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 12-month deceleration of S/V uptake in Germany. Following the release of the ESC HF guidelines, the combined prescription of S/V and SGLT2i was readily adopted. Further efforts are needed to fully implement GDMT and strengthen the resilience of healthcare systems during public health crises.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiedererterMeulen2020,
  author    = {Riederer, Peter and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses},
  series = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  volume    = {127},
  journal   = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-020-02230-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314637},
  pages     = {1217-1228},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood-brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric symptomatology and eventual respective disorders cannot be excluded as evidenced from influenza-A triggered post-encephalitic Parkinsonism and HIV-1 triggered AIDS-dementia complex. From the available evidences for coronavirus-induced brain pathology, this review concludes a number of unmet needs for further research strategies like human postmortem brain analyses. SARS-CoV-2 mirroring experimental animal brain studies, characterization of time-dependent and region-dependent spreading behaviours of coronaviruses, enlightening of pathological mechanisms after coronavirus infection using long-term animal models and clinical observations of patients having had COVID-19 infection are calling to develop both protective strategies and drug discoveries to avoid early and late coronavirus-induced functional brain disturbances, symptoms and eventually disorders. To fight SARS-CoV-2, it is an urgent need to enforce clinical, molecular biological, neurochemical and genetic research including brain-related studies on a worldwide harmonized basis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzmannLittigStadlerPoppetal.2023,
  author    = {Holzmann-Littig, Christopher and Stadler, David and Popp, Maria and Kranke, Peter and Fichtner, Falk and Schmaderer, Christoph and Renders, Lutz and Braunisch, Matthias Christoph and Assali, Tarek and Platen, Louise and Wijnen-Meijer, Marjo and L{\"u}hnen, Julia and Steckelberg, Anke and Pfadenhauer, Lisa and Haller, Bernhard and Fuetterer, Cornelia and Seeber, Christian and Schaaf, Christian},
  title     = {Locating medical information during an infodemic: information seeking behavior and strategies of health-care workers in Germany},
  series = {Healthcare},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Healthcare},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {2227-9032},
  doi       = {10.3390/healthcare11111602},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319306},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a flood of — often contradictory — evidence. HCWs had to develop strategies to locate information that supported their work. We investigated the information-seeking of different HCW groups in Germany. Methods: In December 2020, we conducted online surveys on COVID-19 information sources, strategies, assigned trustworthiness, and barriers — and in February 2021, on COVID-19 vaccination information sources. Results were analyzed descriptively; group comparisons were performed using χ\(^2\)-tests. Results: For general COVID-19-related medical information (413 participants), non-physicians most often selected official websites (57\%), TV (57\%), and e-mail/newsletters (46\%) as preferred information sources — physicians chose official websites (63\%), e-mail/newsletters (56\%), and professional journals (55\%). Non-physician HCWs used Facebook/YouTube more frequently. The main barriers were insufficient time and access issues. Non-physicians chose abstracts (66\%), videos (45\%), and webinars (40\%) as preferred information strategy; physicians: overviews with algorithms (66\%), abstracts (62\%), webinars (48\%). Information seeking on COVID-19 vaccination (2700 participants) was quite similar, however, with newspapers being more often used by non-physicians (63\%) vs. physician HCWs (70\%). Conclusion: Non-physician HCWs more often consulted public information sources. Employers/institutions should ensure the supply of professional, targeted COVID-19 information for different HCW groups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Scheiner2024,
  author    = {Scheiner, Christin},
  title     = {Vulnerability in adolescence: prevalence, pandemic impact and prevention},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35164},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351644},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This compilation focuses on adolescent mental disorders and their prevention. It comprises three distinct studies, each contributing to a deeper understanding of this critical topic. This work addresses a critical gap in the understanding of, and approach to, adolescent mental health, and as a result reveals a critically important and urgently needed policy implication for action. The thematic structure of these studies begins with an examination of the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorders. Baseline data were collected from N = 877 adolescents with a mean age of 12.43 years (SD = 0.65). Mental health problems, such as depressive symptoms, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, symptoms of eating disorders, and gender differences, are thoroughly examined. Results revealed a significant portion of our sample displaying mental health problems as early as the 6th and 7th grades, with girls generally being more affected than boys. The findings underscore the importance of early adolescence in the emergence of mental health problems and thereby emphasize the need for preventive measures. Moving beyond prevalence estimates, the compilation delves into the etiology of these disorders, exploring their potential correlation with a COVID-19 infection. Understanding the early signs and risk factors is crucial for timely support. While numerous studies have investigated potential risk and protective factors during the pandemic, our focus shifts to adolescents' coping when an infection with the virus was involved (N = 2,154, M = 12.31, SD = 0.67). We hypothesized that students infected or with close family members infected, would exhibit an increased psychopathology and a decreased functioning of protective factors such as self-efficacy or self-esteem. We found no connection between infection and the mental health status within our sample, but protective factors and mental well-being were positively associated. Thus, universal primary prevention appears to be the preferred approach for promoting mental health. Lastly, the compilation introduces LessStress, a noteworthy contribution to more evidence-based prevention programs. This universal approach is designed to reduce stress in schools, accompanied by a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate its effectiveness (estimated sample size N = 1,894). Existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of stress prevention, leading us to introduce a short and easy-to-implement prevention program. There is positive evidence for one-lesson interventions in schools for promoting well-being and health behaviors among adolescents. LessStress is designed based on a life skills approach that not only imparts psychoeducational content but also teaches skills relevant to everyday life and directly applicable. Throughout these studies, a common thread emerges: the pressing need to address mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. These formative years play a pivotal role in the development of mental health problems. These formative years play a crucial role in the development of mental health problems. They highlight the importance of epidemiological data collection and analysis based on the latest models to develop prevention interventions that are not only effective but also reach young people on a global level.},
  subject      = {Jugend},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LambertiniHartrampfHiguchietal.2022,
  author    = {Lambertini, Alessandro and Hartrampf, Philipp E. and Higuchi, Takahiro and Serfling, Sebastian E. and Meybohm, Patrick and Schirbel, Andreas and Buck, Andreas K. and Werner, Rudolf A.},
  title     = {CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging after severe SARS-Cov-2 infection},
  series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00259-022-05932-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324619},
  pages     = {228-229},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheinerSeisKleindienstetal.2023,
  author    = {Scheiner, Christin and Seis, Christian and Kleindienst, Nikolaus and Buerger, Arne},
  title     = {Psychopathology, protective factors, and COVID-19 among adolescents: a structural equation model},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph20032493},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304475},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 and the associated restrictions, mental health in children and adolescents has been increasingly discussed in the media. Negative impacts of the pandemic, including a sharp increase in psychopathology and, consequently, reduced quality of life, appear to have particularly affected children and young people, who may be especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of isolation. Nevertheless, many children and adolescents have managed to cope well with the restrictions, without deterioration of their mental health. The present study therefore explored the links between COVID-19 infection (in oneself or a family member, as well as the death of a family member due to the virus), protective factors such as self-efficacy, resilience, self-esteem, and health-related quality of life, and measures of psychopathology such as depression scores, internalizing/externalizing problems, emotion dysregulation, and victimization. For this purpose, we examined data from 2129 adolescents (mean age = 12.31, SD = 0.67; 51\% male; 6\% born outside of Germany) using a structural equation model. We found medium to high loadings of the manifest variables with the latent variables (COVID-19, protective factors, and psychopathology). Protective factors showed a significant negative correlation with psychopathology. However, COVID-19 had a weak connection with psychopathology in our sample. External pandemic-related factors (e.g., restrictions) and their interaction with existing psychopathology or individual protective factors appear to have a greater influence on young people's mental health than the impact of the virus per se. Sociopolitical efforts should be undertaken to foster prevention and promote individual resilience, especially in adolescence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzEidmannJakuscheitetal.2023,
  author    = {Heinz, Tizian and Eidmann, Annette and Jakuscheit, Axel and Laux, Tino and Rudert, Maximilian and Stratos, Ioannis},
  title     = {Demographics and trends for inbound medical tourism in Germany for orthopedic patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph20021209},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304955},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Medical tourism is a rapidly growing sector of economic growth and diversification. However, data on the demographics and characteristics of the traveling patients are sparse. In this study, we analyzed the common demographic properties and characteristics of the inbound medical tourists seeking orthopedic medical care in Germany for the years 2010 to 2019 compared to a domestic group. At the same time, we examined how the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak of 2020 changed the field of medical tourism in Germany. Calculations were performed using administrative hospital data provided by the Federal Statistical Department of Germany. Data were analyzed from the years 2010 to 2020. A total of six elective orthopedic surgery codes (bone biopsy, knee arthroplasty, foot surgery, osteotomy, hardware removal, and arthrodesis) were identified as key service indicators for medical tourism and further analyzed. Factors including residence, sex, year, and type of elective surgery were modeled using linear regression analysis. Age and sex distributions were compared between patients living inside Germany (DE) or outside Germany (non-DE). Between 2010 and 2020, 6,261,801 orthopedic procedures were coded for the DE group and 27,420 key procedures were identified for the non-DE group. Medical tourists were predominantly male and significantly younger than the domestic population. The linear regression analysis of the OPS codes over the past years showed a significantly different slope between the DE and non-DE groups only for the OPS code "hardware removal". With the COVID-19 pandemic, an overall decline in performed orthopedic procedures was observed for the non-DE and the DE group. A significant reduction below the 95\% prediction bands for the year 2020 could be shown for hardware removal and foot surgery (for DE), and for hardware removal, knee arthroplasty, foot surgery, and osteotomy (for non-DE). This study is the first to quantify inbound medical tourism in elective orthopedic surgery in Germany. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected many — but not all — areas of orthopedic surgery. It has to be seen how this negative trend will develop in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zimniak2024,
  author    = {Zimniak, Melissa Maria},
  title     = {Der Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer Fluoxetin inhibiert die SARS-CoV-2-Replikation},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34719},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-347190},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Die COVID-19 Pandemie ist die bisher verheerendste Pandemie des 21. Jahrhunderts. Durch die Einf{\"u}hrung neuer mRNA-basierter Impfstoffe sowie der hohen Rate nat{\"u}rlicher Infektionen konnte die weltweite SARS-CoV-2-Immunit{\"a}t gesteigert werden. Trotz aller Erfolge zur Eind{\"a}mmung der Pandemie kann eine Infektion auch heute noch zu schweren Verl{\"a}ufen und Tod f{\"u}hren. Eine ad{\"a}quate COVID-19-Therapie ist folglich auf potente Virostatika angewiesen. Eine durch Umgehung zeitaufw{\"a}ndiger klinischer Studien schnell verf{\"u}gbare Alternative zu neu entwickelten Arzneimitteln ist die Anwendung etablierter Medikamente. Wir isolierten und charakterisierten ein von einem Patienten stammendes SARS-CoV-2-Virus. Dieses Virusisolat wurde bisher in elf Publikationen verwendet. Mittels quantitativer Echtzeit-Polymerasekettenreaktion untersuchten wir eine Substanzbibliothek mit mehr als 300 neuen und bereits zugelassenen Wirkstoffen auf ihre Wirksamkeit gegen SARS-CoV-2. Dabei konnten wir zeigen, dass der selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer Fluoxetin die SARS-CoV-2-Replikation ab einer Dosis von 0,8 μg/ml signifikant inhibiert, einer bei der Behandlung von Depressionen h{\"a}ufig angewandten Dosierung. Der EC50-Wert lag bei 387 ng/ml. Die Behandlung mit Fluoxetin resultierte in einer reduzierten Zahl an Virusprotein-produzierenden Zellen, was darauf hindeutet, dass es die virale Reinfektion und/oder Proteinexpression inhibiert. Fluoxetin ist ein racemisches Gemisch, wobei das (S)-Enantiomer der potentere Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer ist. Wir konnten zeigen, dass beide Enantiomere einen vergleichbaren antiviralen Effekt gegen SARS-CoV-2 aufweisen, wodurch das (R)-Enantiomer bei virologischer Indikation gegebenenfalls pr{\"a}feriert werden sollte. Fluoxetin hat keinen Einfluss auf die Replikation des Tollwut-Virus und des Humanen Respiratorischen Synzytial-Virus, was auf eine Virusspezifit{\"a}t hindeutet. Weitere aus der Bibliothek stammende signifikante Inhibitoren der SARS-CoV-2-Replikation sind die am Institut f{\"u}r Organische Chemie W{\"u}rzburg entwickelten Substanzen AKS 232 und AKS 128. Neben der medikament{\"o}sen Therapie ist die akkurate Bestimmung neutralisierender Antik{\"o}rper gegen SARS-CoV-2 zur Quantifizierung des bestehenden (Re-) Infektionsschutzes sowie zur Planung zuk{\"u}nftiger Impfstrategien von großer Bedeutung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten wir unter Verwendung der quantitativen Echtzeit-Polymerasekettenreaktion erfolgreich ein zuverl{\"a}ssiges Testverfahren zur Detektion neutralisierender anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antik{\"o}rper.},
  subject      = {Fluoxetin},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SolimandoBittrichShahinietal.2023,
  author    = {Solimando, Antonio G. and Bittrich, Max and Shahini, Endrit and Albanese, Federica and Fritz, Georg and Krebs, Markus},
  title     = {Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity - lessons from primary and secondary immune disorders including cancer},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms24108746},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319412},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with primary and secondary immune disorders — including patients suffering from cancer — were generally regarded as a high-risk population in terms of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. By now, scientific evidence indicates that there is substantial heterogeneity regarding the vulnerability towards COVID-19 in patients with immune disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the effect of coexistent immune disorders on COVID-19 disease severity and vaccination response. In this context, we also regarded cancer as a secondary immune disorder. While patients with hematological malignancies displayed lower seroconversion rates after vaccination in some studies, a majority of cancer patients' risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease were either inherent (such as metastatic or progressive disease) or comparable to the general population (age, male gender and comorbidities such as kidney or liver disease). A deeper understanding is needed to better define patient subgroups at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease courses. At the same time, immune disorders as functional disease models offer further insights into the role of specific immune cells and cytokines when orchestrating the immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 infection. Longitudinal serological studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in the general population, as well as immune-compromised and oncological patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NyawaleMoremiMohamedetal.2022,
  author    = {Nyawale, Helmut A. and Moremi, Nyambura and Mohamed, Mohamed and Njwalila, Johnson and Silago, Vitus and Krone, Manuel and Konje, Eveline T. and Mirambo, Mariam M. and Mshana, Stephen E.},
  title     = {High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Mwanza, northwestern Tanzania: a population-based survey},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph191811664},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288134},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been documented worldwide. However, the evidence of the extent to which transmission has occurred in different countries is still to be established. Understanding the magnitude and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 through seroprevalence studies is important in designing control and preventive strategies in communities. This study investigated the seropositivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies in the communities of three different districts in the Mwanza region, Tanzania. A household cross-sectional survey was conducted in September 2021 using the modified African Centre for Disease and Prevention (ACDC) survey protocol. A blood sample was obtained from one member of each of the selected households who consented to take part in the survey. Immunochromatographic rapid test kits were used to detect IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, followed by descriptive data analysis. Overall, 805 participants were enrolled in the study with a median age of 35 (interquartile range (IQR):27-47) years. The overall SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 50.4\% (95\%CI: 46.9-53.8\%). The IgG and IgM seropositivity of the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 49.3\% and 7.2\%, respectively, with 6.1\% being both IgG and IgM seropositive. A history of runny nose (aOR: 1.84, 95\%CI: 1.03-3.5, p = 0.036), loss of taste (aOR: 1.84, 95\%CI: 1.12-4.48, p = 0.023), and living in Ukerewe (aOR: 3.55, 95\%CI: 1.68-7.47, p = 0.001) and Magu (aOR: 2.89, 95\%CI: 1.34-6.25, p= 0.007) were all independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgM seropositivity. Out of the studied factors, living in the Ukerewe district was independently associated with IgG seropositivity (aOR 1.29, CI 1.08-1.54, p = 0.004). Twenty months after the first case of COVID-19 in Tanzania, about half of the studied population in Mwanza was seropositive for SARS-CoV-2.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sitter2023,
  author    = {Sitter, Magdalena Maria},
  title     = {Intensivmedizinische Behandlungen bei SARS-CoV-2 in der Schwangerschaft - Daten aus dem CRONOS-Register},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32546},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325462},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Mit dem Auftreten des SARS-CoV-2 Virus im Jahr 2020 war der Informationsgewinn f{\"u}r vulnerable Patientengruppen essentiell. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es maternale Charakteristika und das klinische Bild SARS-CoV-2 positiver Frauen mit Notwendigkeit einer intensivmedizinischen Behandlung w{\"a}hrend der Schwangerschaft und postpartal darzustellen, und diese Kohorte mit den SARS-CoV-2 positiven Schwangeren ohne intensivmedizinischen Handlungsbedarf zu vergleichen. Die Daten stammten aus dem deutschen CRONOS-Register, einem prospektiven, multizentrischen Register f{\"u}r SARS-CoV-2 positive schwangere Frauen. Eingeschlossen wurden alle schwangeren und postpartalen Frauen, die w{\"a}hrend ihrer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion auf eine ITS aufgenommen wurden. Diese wurden hinsichtlich maternaler Charakteristika, Krankheitsverlauf, sowie Outcomes verglichen. In 101 von 2650 F{\"a}llen (4\%) der Patientinnen des CRONOS-Registers, kam es zu einer Aufnahme auf die ITS. Als invasivste Form der COVID-19 Behandlung war bei 6 Patientinnen nur eine {\"U}berwachung notwendig, 30 Patientinnen ben{\"o}tigten eine Sauerstoffinsufflation, 22 wurden nicht-invasiv beatmet, 28 erhielten eine invasive Beatmung und bei 15 Frauen wurde die Behandlung zur ECMO-Therapie eskaliert. Es wurden keine klinisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Patientinnen gefunden, die unterschiedliche Behandlungsformen ben{\"o}tigten. Die Gruppe der ITS und Non-ITS Patientinnen unterschied sich statistisch signifikant beim Einfluss von Alter, BMI bei Einschluss und der Herkunft. Die Pr{\"a}valenz der Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit war unter den invasiv behandelten Patientinnen signifikant h{\"o}her und auch im Vergleich der ITS mit den Non-ITS Patientinnen zeigte sich ein signifikanter Unterschied. Vier Frauen verstarben an COVID-19 und sechs Feten der ITS-Gruppe waren Totgeburten. Diese Kohorte zeigt, dass schwere COVID-19 Erkrankung bei schwangeren Frauen und W{\"o}chnerinnen selten sind. Die Fr{\"u}hgeburtenrate ist hoch und COVID-19 mit Notwendigkeit einer Atemunterst{\"u}tzung erh{\"o}ht das Risiko f{\"u}r ein schlechtes maternales und neonatales Outcome. Unter anderem ein h{\"o}heres Alter und BMI sind mit einem h{\"o}heren Risiko f{\"u}r eine ITS-Aufnahme verbunden.},
  subject      = {Schwangerschaft},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GuptaSrivastavaMinochaetal.2021,
  author    = {Gupta, Shishir K. and Srivastava, Mugdha and Minocha, Rashmi and Akash, Aman and Dangwal, Seema and Dandekar, Thomas},
  title     = {Alveolar regeneration in COVID-19 patients: a network perspective},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {20},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms222011279},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284307},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {A viral infection involves entry and replication of viral nucleic acid in a host organism, subsequently leading to biochemical and structural alterations in the host cell. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, over-activation of the host immune system may lead to lung damage. Albeit the regeneration and fibrotic repair processes being the two protective host responses, prolonged injury may lead to excessive fibrosis, a pathological state that can result in lung collapse. In this review, we discuss regeneration and fibrosis processes in response to SARS-CoV-2 and provide our viewpoint on the triggering of alveolar regeneration in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzmannLittigFrankSchmadereretal.2022,
  author    = {Holzmann-Littig, Christopher and Frank, Tamara and Schmaderer, Christoph and Braunisch, Matthias C. and Renders, Lutz and Kranke, Peter and Popp, Maria and Seeber, Christian and Fichtner, Falk and Littig, Bianca and Carbajo-Lozoya, Javier and Meerpohl, Joerg J. and Haller, Bernhard and Allwang, Christine},
  title     = {COVID-19 Vaccines: Fear of side effects among German health care workers},
  series = {Vaccines},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Vaccines},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2076-393X},
  doi       = {10.3390/vaccines10050689},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270561},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {(1) Background: Health care workers (HCWs) play a key role in increasing anti-COVID vaccination rates. Fear of potential side effects is one of the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. We investigated which side effects are of concern to HCWs and how these are associated with vaccine hesitancy. (2) Methods: Data were collected in an online survey in February 2021 among HCWs from across Germany with 4500 included participants. Free-text comments on previously experienced vaccination side effects, and fear of short- and long-term side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination were categorized and analyzed. (3) Results: Most feared short-term side effects were vaccination reactions, allergic reactions, and limitations in daily life. Most feared long-term side effects were (auto-) immune reactions, neurological side effects, and currently unknown long-term consequences. Concerns about serious vaccination side effects were associated with vaccination refusal. There was a clear association between refusal of COVID-19 vaccination in one's personal environment and fear of side effects. (4) Conclusions: Transparent information about vaccine side effects is needed, especially for HCW. Especially when the participants' acquaintances advised against vaccination, they were significantly more likely to fear side effects. Thus, further education of HCW is necessary to achieve good information transfer in clusters as well.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BertramBartschSodmannetal.2022,
  author    = {Bertram, Ralph and Bartsch, Vanessa and Sodmann, Johanna and Hennig, Luca and M{\"u}jde, Engin and Stock, Jonathan and Ruedig, Vivienne and Sodmann, Philipp and Todt, Daniel and Steinmann, Eike and Hitzl, Wolfgang and Steinmann, Joerg},
  title     = {Risk stratification of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections based on an outbreak at a student festive event},
  series = {Vaccines},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Vaccines},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2076-393X},
  doi       = {10.3390/vaccines10030432},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267270},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In early 2022, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global challenge. COVID-19 is caused by an increasing number of variants of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we report an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections related to a student festive event with 100 mostly vaccinated guests, which took place in Northern Bavaria, Germany, in October 2021. The data were obtained by retrospective guest interviews. In total, 95 students participated in the study, with 94 being fully vaccinated and 24 reporting infection by the delta variant. Correlation analyses among 15 examined variables revealed that time spent at the event, conversation with the supposed index person, and a homologous viral vector vaccination regime were significant risk factors for infection. Non-significant observations related to higher rates of infection included time since last vaccination, shared use of drinking vessels, and number of individual person-to-person contacts at the event. Our data suggest that a high rate of breakthrough infections with the delta variant occurs if no preventive measures are practiced. To limit infection risk, high-quality testing of participants should be considered a mandatory measure at gatherings, irrespective of the participants' vaccination status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KristDornquastReinholdetal.2021,
  author    = {Krist, Lilian and Dornquast, Christina and Reinhold, Thomas and Icke, Katja and Danquah, Ina and Willich, Stefan N. and Becher, Heiko and Keil, Thomas},
  title     = {Predictors of changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Turkish migrant cohort in Germany},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph18189682},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246176},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting response measures have led to severe limitations of people's exercise possibilities with diminished physical activity (PA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB). Since for migrant groups in Germany, no data is available, this study aimed to investigate factors associated with changes in PA and SB in a sample of Turkish descent. Participants of a prospective cohort study (adults of Turkish descent, living in Berlin, Germany) completed a questionnaire regarding COVID-19 related topics including PA and SB since February 2020. Changes in PA and SB were described, and sociodemographic, migrant-related, and health-related predictors of PA decrease and SB increase were determined using multivariable regression analyses. Of 106 participants, 69\% reported a decline of PA, 36\% reported an increase in SB. PA decrease and SB increase seemed to be associated with inactivity before the pandemic as well as with the female sex. SB increase appeared to be additionally associated with educational level and BMI. The COVID-19 pandemic and the response measures had persistent detrimental effects on this migrant population. Since sufficient PA before the pandemic had the strongest association with maintaining PA and SB during the crisis, the German government and public health professionals should prioritize PA promotion in this vulnerable group.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaydenLimbachSchuleretal.2021,
  author    = {Hayden, Markus C. and Limbach, Matthias and Schuler, Michael and Merkl, Steffen and Schwarzl, Gabriele and Jakab, Katalin and Nowak, Dennis and Schultz, Konrad},
  title     = {Effectiveness of a three-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients after COVID-19: a prospective observational study},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {17},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph18179001},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245170},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {For COVID-19 patients who remain symptomatic after the acute phase, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended. However, only a few studies have investigated the effectiveness of PR, especially considering the duration between the acute phase of COVID-19 and the onset of rehabilitation, as well as the initial severity. This prospective observational study evaluated the efficacy of PR in patients after COVID-19. A total of 120 still-symptomatic patients referred for PR after overcoming acute COVID-19 were asked to participate, of whom 108 (mean age 55.6 ± 10.1 years, 45.4\% female) consented. The patients were assigned to three groups according to the time of referral and initial disease severity (severe acute; severe after interval; mild after interval). The primary outcome was dyspnea. Secondary outcomes included other respiratory disease symptoms, physical capacity, lung function, fatigue, quality of life (QoL), depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, patients rated the overall effectiveness of PR and their subjective change in health status. At the end of PR, we detected improvements with large effect sizes in exertional dyspnea, physical capacity, QoL, fatigue, and depression in the overall group. Other parameters changed with small to medium effect sizes. PR was effective after acute COVID-19 in all three groups analyzed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WernerPoppFichtneretal.2022,
  author    = {Werner, Anne and Popp, Maria and Fichtner, Falk and Holzmann-Littig, Christopher and Kranke, Peter and Steckelberg, Anke and L{\"u}hnen, Julia and Redlich, Lisa Marie and Dickel, Steffen and Grimm, Clemens and Moerer, Onnen and Nothacker, Monika and Seeber, Christian},
  title     = {COVID-19 intensive care — Evaluation of public information sources and current standards of care in German intensive care units: a cross sectional online survey on intensive care staff in Germany},
  series = {Healthcare},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Healthcare},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2227-9032},
  doi       = {10.3390/healthcare10071315},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281865},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Backround: In February 2021, the first formal evidence and consensus-based (S3) guidelines for the inpatient treatment of patients with COVID-19 were published in Germany and have been updated twice during 2021. The aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the dissemination pathways and strategies for ICU staff (first evaluation in December 2020 when previous versions of consensus-based guidelines (S2k) were published) and question selected aspects of guideline adherence of standard care for patients with COVID-19 in the ICU. Methods: We conducted an anonymous online survey among German intensive care staff from 11 October 2021 to 11 November 2021. We distributed the survey via e-mail in intensive care facilities and requested redirection to additional intensive care staff (snowball sampling). Results: There was a difference between the professional groups in the number, selection and qualitative assessment of information sources about COVID-19. Standard operating procedures were most frequently used by all occupational groups and received a high quality rating. Physicians preferred sources for active information search (e.g., medical journals), while nurses predominantly used passive consumable sources (e.g., every-day media). Despite differences in usage behaviour, the sources were rated similarly in terms of the quality of the information on COVID-19. The trusted organizations have not changed over time. The use of guidelines was frequently stated and highly recommended. The majority of the participants reported guideline-compliant treatment. Nevertheless, there were certain variations in the use of medication as well as the criteria chosen for discontinuing non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compared to guideline recommendations. Conclusions: An adequate external source of information for nursing staff is lacking, the usual sources of physicians are only appropriate for the minority of nursing staff. The self-reported use of guidelines is high.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Seitz2023,
  author    = {Seitz, Florian},
  title     = {Synthesis, enzymatic recognition and antiviral properties of modified purine nucleosides},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31323},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313238},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Beyond the four canonical nucleosides as primary building blocks of RNA, posttranscriptional modifications give rise to the epitranscriptome as a second layer of genetic information. In eukaryotic mRNA, the most abundant posttranscriptional modification is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is involved in the regulation of cellular processes. Throughout this thesis, the concept of atomic mutagenesis was employed to gain novel mechanistic insights into the substrate recognition by human m6A reader proteins as well as in the oxidative m6A demethylation by human demethylase enzymes. Non-natural m6A atomic mutants featuring distinct steric and electronic properties were synthesized and incorporated into RNA oligonucleotides. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements using these modified oligonucleotides revealed the impact of the atomic mutagenesis on the molecular recognition by the human m6A readers YTHDF2, YTHDC1 and YTHDC2 and allowed to draw conclusions about structural prerequisites for substrate recognition. Furthermore, substrate recognition and demethylation mechanism of the human m6A demethylase enzymes FTO and ALKBH5 were analyzed by HPLC-MS and PAGE-based assays using the modified oligonucleotides synthesized in this work. Modified nucleosides not only expand the genetic alphabet, but are also extensively researched as drug candidates. In this thesis, the antiviral mechanism of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug remdesivir was investigated, which causes delayed stalling of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Novel remdesivir phosphoramidite building blocks were synthesized and used to construct defined RNA-RdRp complexes for subsequent studies by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). It was found that the 1'-cyano substituent causes Rem to act as a steric barrier of RdRp translocation. Since this translocation barrier can eventually be overcome by the polymerase, novel derivatives of Rem with potentially improved antiviral properties were designed.},
  subject      = {Nucleins{\"a}uren},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HasenpuschMatterneTischeretal.2022,
  author    = {Hasenpusch, Claudia and Matterne, Uwe and Tischer, Christina and Hrudey, Ilona and Apfelbacher, Christian},
  title     = {Development and content validation of a comprehensive health literacy survey instrument for use in individuals with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph19041923},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262146},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Individuals with chronic conditions have been faced with many additional challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual health literacy (HL) as the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and apply pandemic-related information has thus become ever more important in these populations. The purpose of this study was to develop and content-validate a comprehensive HL survey instrument for people with asthma based on an integrated framework, and on previous surveys and other instruments for use in the general population and vulnerable groups. Beside HL, assumed determinants, mediators, and health outcomes were embraced in the framework. A mixed-method design was used. A comprehensive examination of the available literature yielded an initial pool of 398 single items within 20 categories. Based on content validity indices (CVI) of expert ratings (n = 11) and the content analysis of cognitive interviews with participants (n = 9), the item pool was reduced, and individual items/scales refined or modified. The instrument showed appropriate comprehensibility (98.0\%), was judged relevant, and had an acceptable CVI at scale level (S-CVI/Ave = 0.91). The final version comprises 14 categories measured by 38 questions consisting of 116 single items. In terms of content, the instrument appears a valid representation of behavioural and psychosocial constructs pertaining to a broad HL understanding and relevant to individuals with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular monitoring of these behavioural and psychosocial constructs during the course of the pandemic can help identify needs as well as changes during the course of the pandemic, which is particularly important in chronic disease populations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZyberajSeibelSchowalteretal.2022,
  author    = {Zyberaj, Jetmir and Seibel, Sebastian and Schowalter, Annika F. and P{\"o}tz, Lennart and Richter-Killenberg, Stefanie and Volmer, Judith},
  title     = {Developing sustainable careers during a pandemic: the role of psychological capital and career adaptability},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su14053105},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267286},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only had negative effects on employees' health, but also on their prospects to gain and maintain employment. Using a longitudinal research design with two measurement points, we investigated the ramifications of various psychological and organizational resources on employees' careers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, in a sample of German employees (N = 305), we investigated the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) for four career-related outcomes: career satisfaction, career engagement, coping with changes in career due to COVID-19, and career-related COVID-19 worries. We also employed leader-member exchange (LMX) as a moderator and career adaptability as a mediating variable in these relationships. Results from path analyses revealed a positive association between PsyCap and career satisfaction and career coping. Furthermore, PsyCap was indirectly related to career engagement through career adaptability. However, moderation analysis showed no moderating role of LMX on the link between PsyCap and career adaptability. Our study contributes to the systematic research concerning the role of psychological and organizational resources for employees' careers and well-being, especially for crisis contexts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ParisiLehnerSchraderetal.2023,
  author    = {Parisi, Sandra and Lehner, Nina and Schrader, Hanna and Kierer, Leonard and Fleischer, Anna and Miljukov, Olga and Borgulya, Gabor and R{\"u}ter, Gernot and Viniol, Annika and G{\´a}gyor, Ildik{\´o}},
  title     = {Experiencing COVID-19, home isolation and primary health care: A mixed-methods study},
  series = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  issn      = {2296-2565},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.1023431},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301498},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Objectives Although the vast majority of COVID-19 cases are treated in primary care, patients' experiences during home isolation have been little studied. This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with acute COVID-19 and to identify challenges after the initial adaptation of the German health system to the pandemic (after first infection wave from February to June 2020). Methods A mixed-method convergent design was used to gain a holistic insight into patients experience. The study consisted of a cross-sectional survey, open survey answers and semi-structured telephone interviews. Descriptive analysis was performed on quantitative survey answers. Between group differences were calculated to explore changes after the first infection wave. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on open survey answers and interviews. The results were then compared within a triangulation protocol. Results A total of 1100 participants from all German states were recruited by 145 general practitioners from August 2020 to April 2021, 42 additionally took part in qualitative interviews. Disease onset varied from February 2020 to April 2021. After the first infection wave, more participants were tested positive during the acute disease (88.8\%; 95.2\%; P < 0.001). Waiting times for tests (mean 4.5 days, SD 4.1; 2.7days, SD 2.6, P < 0.001) and test results (mean 2.4 days, SD 1.9; 1.8 days, SD 1.3, P < 0.001) decreased. Qualitative results indicated that the availability of repeated testing and antigen tests reduced insecurities, transmission and related guilt. Although personal consultations at general practices increased (6.8\%; 15.5\%, P < 0.001), telephone consultation remained the main mode of consultation (78.5\%) and video remained insignificant (1.9\%). The course of disease, the living situation and social surroundings during isolation, access to health care, personal resilience, spirituality and feelings of guilt and worries emerged as themes influencing the illness experience. Challenges were contact management and adequate provision of care during home isolation. A constant contact person within the health system helped against feelings of care deprivation, uncertainty and fear. Conclusions Our study highlights that home isolation of individuals with COVID-19 requires a holistic approach that considers all aspects of patient care and effective coordination between different care providers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissRodriguesHewig2022,
  author    = {Weiß, Martin and Rodrigues, Johannes and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {Big Five personality factors in relation to coping with contact restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a small sample study},
  series = {Social Sciences},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Social Sciences},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {2076-0760},
  doi       = {10.3390/socsci11100466},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290556},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {To slow down the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, countries worldwide severely restricted public and social life. In addition to the physical threat posed by the viral disease (COVID-19), the pandemic also has implications for psychological well-being. Using a small sample (N = 51), we examined how Big Five personality traits relate to coping with contact restrictions during three consecutive weeks in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. We showed that extraversion was associated with suffering from severe contact restrictions and with benefiting from their relaxation. Individuals with high neuroticism did not show a change in their relatively poor coping with the restrictions over time, whereas conscientious individuals seemed to experience no discomfort and even positive feelings during the period of contact restrictions. Our results support the assumption that neuroticism is a vulnerability factor in relation to psychological wellbeing but also show an influence of contact restrictions on extraverted individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GuptaMinochaThapaetal.2022,
  author    = {Gupta, Shishir K. and Minocha, Rashmi and Thapa, Prithivi Jung and Srivastava, Mugdha and Dandekar, Thomas},
  title     = {Role of the pangolin in origin of SARS-CoV-2: an evolutionary perspective},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {16},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms23169115},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285995},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {After the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, unanswered questions remain related to its evolutionary history, path of transmission or divergence and role of recombination. There is emerging evidence on amino acid substitutions occurring in key residues of the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein in coronavirus isolates from bat and pangolins. In this article, we summarize our current knowledge on the origin of SARS-CoV-2. We also analyze the host ACE2-interacting residues of the receptor-binding domain of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 isolates from bats, and compare it to pangolin SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected from Guangdong province (GD Pangolin-CoV) and Guangxi autonomous regions (GX Pangolin-CoV) of South China. Based on our comparative analysis, we support the view that the Guangdong Pangolins are the intermediate hosts that adapted the SARS-CoV-2 and represented a significant evolutionary link in the path of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. We also discuss the role of intermediate hosts in the origin of Omicron.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TappeLauruschkatStrobeletal.2022,
  author    = {Tappe, Beeke and Lauruschkat, Chris D. and Strobel, Lea and Pantale{\´o}n Garc{\´i}a, Jezreel and Kurzai, Oliver and Rebhan, Silke and Kraus, Sabrina and Pfeuffer-Jovic, Elena and Bussemer, Lydia and Possler, Lotte and Held, Matthias and H{\"u}nniger, Kerstin and Kniemeyer, Olaf and Sch{\"a}uble, Sascha and Brakhage, Axel A. and Panagiotou, Gianni and White, P. Lewis and Einsele, Hermann and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen and Wurster, Sebastian},
  title     = {COVID-19 patients share common, corticosteroid-independent features of impaired host immunity to pathogenic molds},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  issn      = {1664-3224},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.954985},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-283558},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Patients suffering from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are susceptible to deadly secondary fungal infections such as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Despite this clinical observation, direct experimental evidence for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-driven alterations of antifungal immunity is scarce. Using an ex-vivo whole blood stimulation assay, we challenged blood from twelve COVID-19 patients with Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus antigens and studied the expression of activation, maturation, and exhaustion markers, as well as cytokine secretion. Compared to healthy controls, T-helper cells from COVID-19 patients displayed increased expression levels of the exhaustion marker PD-1 and weakened A. fumigatus- and R. arrhizus-induced activation. While baseline secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was massively elevated, whole blood from COVID-19 patients elicited diminished release of T-cellular (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-2) and innate immune cell-derived (e.g., CXCL9, CXCL10) cytokines in response to A. fumigatus and R. arrhizus antigens. Additionally, samples from COVID-19 patients showed deficient granulocyte activation by mold antigens and reduced fungal killing capacity of neutrophils. These features of weakened anti-mold immune responses were largely decoupled from COVID-19 severity, the time elapsed since diagnosis of COVID-19, and recent corticosteroid uptake, suggesting that impaired anti-mold defense is a common denominator of the underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of the immune predisposition to post-viral mold infections and could inform future studies of immunotherapeutic strategies to prevent and treat fungal superinfections in COVID-19 patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LodhaErhardDoelkenetal.2022,
  author    = {Lodha, Manivel and Erhard, Florian and D{\"o}lken, Lars and Prusty, Bhupesh K.},
  title     = {The hidden enemy within: non-canonical peptides in virus-induced autoimmunity},
  series = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  issn      = {1664-302X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.840911},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-263053},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Viruses play a key role in explaining the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, whose underlying principle is defined by the activation of autoreactive T-cells. In many cases, T-cells escape self-tolerance due to the failure in encountering certain MHC-I self-peptide complexes at substantial levels, whose peptides remain invisible from the immune system. Over the years, contribution of unstable defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) in immunosurveillance has gained prominence. A class of unstable products emerge from non-canonical translation and processing of unannotated mammalian and viral ORFs and their peptides are cryptic in nature. Indeed, high throughput sequencing and proteomics have revealed that a substantial portion of our genomes comprise of non-canonical ORFs, whose generation is significantly modulated during disease. Many of these ORFs comprise short ORFs (sORFs) and upstream ORFs (uORFs) that resemble DRiPs and may hence be preferentially presented. Here, we discuss how such products, normally "hidden" from the immune system, become abundant in viral infections activating autoimmune T-cells, by discussing their emerging role in infection and disease. Finally, we provide a perspective on how these mechanisms can explain several autoimmune disorders in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WhiteSpringerWiseetal.2022,
  author    = {White, P. Lewis and Springer, Jan and Wise, Matt P. and Einsele, Hermann and L{\"o}ffler, Claudia and Seif, Michelle and Prommersberger, Sabrina and Backx, Matthijs and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {A clinical case of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), illustrating the challenges in diagnosis (despite overwhelming mycological evidence)},
  series = {Journal of Fungi},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Journal of Fungi},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2309-608X},
  doi       = {10.3390/jof8010081},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-302438},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in large numbers of patients requiring critical care management. With the established association between severe respiratory virus infection and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (7.6\% for COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)), the pandemic places a significant number of patients at potential risk from secondary invasive fungal disease. We described a case of CAPA with substantial supporting mycological evidence, highlighting the need to employ strategic diagnostic algorithms and weighted definitions to improve the accuracy in diagnosing CAPA.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidGrieselFischeretal.2022,
  author    = {Schmid, Benedikt and Griesel, Mirko and Fischer, Anna-Lena and Romero, Carolina S. and Metzendorf, Maria-Inti and Weibel, Stephanie and Fichtner, Falk},
  title     = {Awake prone positioning, high-flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive ventilation as non-invasive respiratory strategies in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm11020391},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255225},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Acute respiratory failure is the most important organ dysfunction of COVID-19 patients. While non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen are frequently used, efficacy and safety remain uncertain. Benefits and harms of awake prone positioning (APP) in COVID-19 patients are unknown. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HFNC vs. NIV and APP vs. standard care. We meta-analyzed data for mortality, intubation rate, and safety. Results: Five RCTs (2182 patients) were identified. While it remains uncertain whether HFNC compared to NIV alters mortality (RR: 0.92, 95\% CI 0.65-1.33), HFNC may increase rate of intubation or death (composite endpoint; RR 1.22, 1.03-1.45). We do not know if HFNC alters risk for harm. APP compared to standard care probably decreases intubation rate (RR 0.83, 0.71-0.96) but may have little or no effect on mortality (RR: 1.08, 0.51-2.31). Conclusions: Certainty of evidence is moderate to very low. There is no compelling evidence for either HFNC or NIV, but both carry substantial risk for harm. The use of APP probably has benefits although mortality appears unaffected.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SitterPecksRuedigeretal.2022,
  author    = {Sitter, Magdalena and Pecks, Ulrich and R{\"u}diger, Mario and Friedrich, Sabine and Fill Malfertheiner, Sara and Hein, Alexander and K{\"o}nigbauer, Josefine T. and Becke-Jakob, Karin and Z{\"o}llkau, Janine and Ramsauer, Babett and Rathberger, Katharina and Pontones, Constanza A. and Kraft, Katrina and Meybohm, Patrick and H{\"a}rtel, Christoph and Kranke, Peter},
  title     = {Pregnant and postpartum women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 — first data from the CRONOS-registry},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm11030701},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255257},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {(1) Background: Data on coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy vary. We aimed to describe maternal characteristics and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 positive women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 during pregnancy and postpartum period based on data of a comprehensive German surveillance system in obstetric patients. (2) Methods: Data from COVID-19 Related Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study (CRONOS), a prospective multicenter registry for SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women, was analyzed with respect to ICU treatment. All women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 were included and compared regarding maternal characteristics, course of disease, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. (3) Results: Of 2650 cases in CRONOS, 101 women (4\%) had a documented ICU stay. Median maternal age was 33 (IQR, 30-36) years. COVID-19 was diagnosed at a median gestational age of 33 (IQR, 28-35) weeks. As the most invasive form of COVID-19 treatment interventions, patients received either continuous monitoring of vital signs without further treatment requirement (n = 6), insufflation of oxygen (n = 30), non-invasive ventilation (n = 22), invasive ventilation (n = 28), or escalation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 15). No significant clinical differences were identified between patients receiving different forms of ventilatory support for COVID-19. Prevalence of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women receiving invasive respiratory treatments. Four women died of COVID-19 and six fetuses were stillborn. (4) Conclusions: Our cohort shows that progression of COVID-19 is rare in pregnant and postpartum women treated in the ICU. Preterm birth rate is high and COVID-19 requiring respiratory support increases the risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcome.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidbauerFerseSalihetal.2022,
  author    = {Schmidbauer, Moritz L. and Ferse, Caroline and Salih, Farid and Klingner, Carsten and Musleh, Rita and Kunst, Stefan and Wittstock, Matthias and Neumann, Bernhard and Schebesch, Karl-Michael and B{\"o}sel, Julian and Godau, Jana and Lochner, Piergiorgio and Adam, Elisabeth H. and Jahnke, Kolja and Knier, Benjamin and Schirotzek, Ingo and M{\"u}llges, Wolfgang and Notz, Quirin and Dengl, Markus and G{\"u}ldner, Andreas and Onur, Oezguer A. and Garcia Borrega, Jorge and Dimitriadis, Konstantinos and G{\"u}nther, Albrecht},
  title     = {COVID-19 and intracranial hemorrhage: a multicenter case series, systematic review and pooled analysis},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm11030605},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255236},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) profoundly impacts hemostasis and microvasculature. In the light of the dilemma between thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, in the present paper, we systematically investigate the prevalence, mortality, radiological subtypes, and clinical characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the literature by screening the PubMed database and included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and concomitant ICH. We performed a pooled analysis, including a prospectively collected cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients with ICH, as part of the PANDEMIC registry (Pooled Analysis of Neurologic Disorders Manifesting in Intensive Care of COVID-19). Results: Our literature review revealed a total of 217 citations. After the selection process, 79 studies and a total of 477 patients were included. The median age was 58.8 years. A total of 23.3\% of patients experienced the critical stage of COVID-19, 62.7\% of patients were on anticoagulation and 27.5\% of the patients received ECMO. The prevalence of ICH was at 0.85\% and the mortality at 52.18\%, respectively. Conclusion: ICH in COVID-19 patients is rare, but it has a very poor prognosis. Different subtypes of ICH seen in COVID-19, support the assumption of heterogeneous and multifaceted pathomechanisms contributing to ICH in COVID-19. Further clinical and pathophysiological investigations are warranted to resolve the conflict between thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeintrupBorgmannSeidletal.2021,
  author    = {Meintrup, David and Borgmann, Stefan and Seidl, Karlheinz and Stecher, Melanie and Jakob, Carolin E. M. and Pilgram, Lisa and Spinner, Christoph D. and Rieg, Siegbert and Isberner, Nora and Hower, Martin and Vehreschild, Maria and G{\"o}pel, Siri and Hanses, Frank and Nowak-Machen, Martina},
  title     = {Specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients: results from a European multicenter study},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {17},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10173855},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245191},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {(1) Background: The aim of our study was to identify specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Our data set consisted of 840 patients enclosed in the LEOSS registry. Using lasso regression for variable selection, a multifactorial logistic regression model was fitted to the response variable survival. Specific risk factors and their odds ratios were derived. A nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the model. (3) Results: 14 variables were identified as independent factors contributing to the risk of death for critically ill COVID-19 patients: age (OR 1.08, CI 1.06-1.10), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.64, CI 1.06-2.55), pulmonary disease (OR 1.87, CI 1.16-3.03), baseline Statin treatment (0.54, CI 0.33-0.87), oxygen saturation (unit = 1\%, OR 0.94, CI 0.92-0.96), leukocytes (unit 1000/μL, OR 1.04, CI 1.01-1.07), lymphocytes (unit 100/μL, OR 0.96, CI 0.94-0.99), platelets (unit 100,000/μL, OR 0.70, CI 0.62-0.80), procalcitonin (unit ng/mL, OR 1.11, CI 1.05-1.18), kidney failure (OR 1.68, CI 1.05-2.70), congestive heart failure (OR 2.62, CI 1.11-6.21), severe liver failure (OR 4.93, CI 1.94-12.52), and a quick SOFA score of 3 (OR 1.78, CI 1.14-2.78). The nomogram graphically displays the importance of these 14 factors for mortality. (4) Conclusions: There are risk factors that are specific to the subpopulation of critically ill COVID-19 patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzmannLittigBraunischKrankeetal.2021,
  author    = {Holzmann-Littig, Christopher and Braunisch, Matthias Christoph and Kranke, Peter and Popp, Maria and Seeber, Christian and Fichtner, Falk and Littig, Bianca and Carbajo-Lozoya, Javier and Allwang, Christine and Frank, Tamara and Meerpohl, Joerg Johannes and Haller, Bernhard and Schmaderer, Christoph},
  title     = {COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy among healthcare workers in germany},
  series = {Vaccines},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Vaccines},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2076-393X},
  doi       = {10.3390/vaccines9070777},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242627},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Vaccination hesitancy is a threat to herd immunity. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a key role in promoting Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in the general population. We therefore aimed to provide data on COVID-19 vaccination acceptance/hesitancy among German HCWs. For this exploratory, cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted in February 2021. The survey included 54 items on demographics; previous vaccination behavior; trust in vaccines, physicians, the pharmaceutical industry and health politics; fear of adverse effects; assumptions regarding the consequences of COVID-19; knowledge about vaccines; and information seeking behavior. Odds ratios with 95\% confidence intervals were calculated and chi-square tests were performed. Four thousand five hundred surveys were analyzed. The overall vaccination acceptance was 91.7\%. The age group ≤20 years showed the lowest vaccination acceptance. Factors associated with vaccination hesitancy were lack of trust in authorities and pharmaceutical companies. Attitudes among acquaintances were associated with vaccination hesitancy too. Participants with vaccination hesitancy more often obtained information about COVID-19 vaccines via messenger services or online video platforms and underperformed in the knowledge test. We found high acceptance amongst German HCWs. Several factors associated with vaccination hesitancy were identified which could be targeted in HCW vaccination campaigns.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BleilevensSoppertHoffmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Bleilevens, Christian and Soppert, Josefin and Hoffmann, Adrian and Breuer, Thomas and Bernhagen, J{\"u}rgen and Martin, Lukas and Stiehler, Lara and Marx, Gernot and Dreher, Michael and Stoppe, Christian and Simon, Tim-Philipp},
  title     = {Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plasma concentration in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective observational study},
  series = {Diagnostics},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Diagnostics},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2075-4418},
  doi       = {10.3390/diagnostics11020332},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228967},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Mortality in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is high and pharmacological treatment strategies remain limited. Early-stage predictive biomarkers are needed to identify patients with a high risk of severe clinical courses and to stratify treatment strategies. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was previously described as a potential predictor for the outcome of critically ill patients and for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease. This prospective observational study evaluates the predictive potential of MIF for the clinical outcome after severe COVID-19 infection. Plasma MIF concentrations were measured in 36 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients over three days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Increased compared to decreased MIF was significantly associated with aggravated organ function and a significantly lower 28-day survival (sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score; 8.2 ± 4.5 to 14.3 ± 3, p = 0.009 vs. 8.9 ± 1.9 to 12 ± 2, p = 0.296; survival: 56\% vs. 93\%; p = 0.003). Arterial hypertension was the predominant comorbidity in 85\% of patients with increasing MIF concentrations (vs. decreasing MIF: 39\%; p = 0.015). Without reaching significance, more patients with decreasing MIF were able to improve their ARDS status (p = 0.142). The identified association between an early MIF response, aggravation of organ function and 28-day survival may open future perspectives for biomarker-based diagnostic approaches for ICU management of COVID-19 patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerHummersHillermannetal.2020,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Frank and Hummers, Eva and Hillermann, Nele and Dopfer, Christian and Jablonka, Alexandra and Friede, Tim and Simmenroth, Anne and Wetzke, Martin},
  title     = {Factors influencing the frequency of airway infections in underage refugees: a retrospective, cross sectional study},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph17186823},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213134},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Infections are a leading cause of refugee morbidity. Recent data on the rate of airway infections and factors influencing their spread in refugee reception centers is scarce. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of de-identified medical records with a focus on respiratory infections in underage refugees was conducted at two large German refugee reception centers. Results: In total, medical data from n = 10,431 refugees over an observational period of n = 819 days was analyzed. Among pediatric patients (n = 4289), 55.3\% presented at least once to the on-site medical ward with an acute respiratory infection or signs thereof. In 38.4\% of pediatric consultations, acute airway infections or signs thereof were present. Airway infections spiked during colder months and were significantly more prevalent amongst preschool and resettled children. Their frequency displayed a positive correlation with the number of refugees housed at the reception centers. Conclusions: We show that respiratory infections are a leading cause for morbidity in young refugees and that their rate is influenced age, season, status, and residential density. This illustrates the need to protect refugee children from contracting airway infections which may also reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current pandemic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hollenberger2022,
  author    = {Hollenberger, Laura},
  title     = {Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Inanspruchnahme des zahn{\"a}rztlichen Notdienstes - eine retrospektive Analyse im Zentrum f{\"u}r Zahn-, Mund- und Kiefergesundheit des Universit{\"a}tsklinikums W{\"u}rzburg},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27735},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-277356},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellte die Gesundheitssysteme weltweit vor große Herausforderungen. Um die weitere Verbreitung von SARS-CoV-2 zu verhindern, verh{\"a}ngten zahlreiche Staatsregierungen einen Lockdown mit Kontakt- und Ausgangsbeschr{\"a}nkungen. Auch in Bayern wurde das {\"o}ffentliche Leben zwischen 16. M{\"a}rz und 26. April 2020 reguliert. Krankenh{\"a}user und Kliniken sollten sich auf eine Notfallversorgung beschr{\"a}nken, um ihre Kapazit{\"a}ten f{\"u}r SARS-CoV-2-Infizierten freizuhalten. Das ZMK reduzierte im Zuge dessen ebenfalls seinen Klinikbetrieb und setzte f{\"u}r sechs Wochen alle planbaren Behandlungen aus. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, den Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Inanspruchnahme des Notdienstes des ZMK zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurden die Behandlungsdokumente der 1299 NotfallpatientInnen, die sich zwischen 3. Februar und 7. Juni 2020 vorstellten, analysiert. Besonderes Augenmerk lag auf PatientInnen h{\"o}heren Alters und/oder mit Grunderkrankung, die anf{\"a}llig f{\"u}r einen schweren COVID-19-Verlauf sind. W{\"a}hrend des Lockdowns halbierte sich die Anzahl der NotfallpatientInnen des ZMK. Der Anteil der COVID-19-RisikopatientInnen {\"a}nderte sich jedoch nicht signifikant. Auch hinsichtlich des Geschlechtes und der Vorerkrankungen konnten keine signifikanten {\"A}nderungen festgestellt werden. Die h{\"a}ufigste Diagnose im Notdienst waren unkontrollierbare Schmerzen, meist endodontischen oder parodontologischen Ursprungs, gefolgt vom Abszess und vom dentalen Trauma. Zudem stieg w{\"a}hrend des Lockdowns der Anteil der NotfallpatientInnen, die station{\"a}r aufgenommen werden mussten, um 4\% an. Das pandemiebedingt ohnehin stark ausgelastete Gesundheitssystem sollte nicht zus{\"a}tzlich belastet werden, insbesondere wenn im Pandemieverlauf mit einem Anstieg des zahnmedizinischen Behandlungsbedarfes zu rechnen ist. Notf{\"a}lle sind fr{\"u}hzeitig zu behandeln, Routineuntersuchungen aufrecht zu erhalten und PatientInnen {\"u}ber die etablierten Hygiene- und Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen und das geringe Infektionsrisiko in zahnmedizinischen Einrichtungen aufzukl{\"a}ren. Ziel ist, die Mundgesundheit der PatientInnen w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie aufrecht zu erhalten und einer Verschlimmerung bestehender Erkrankungen vorzubeugen. Die fr{\"u}he Phase der Pandemie und der ersten Lockdown bedeuteten keine {\"u}berm{\"a}ßige Mehrbelastung f{\"u}r das ZMK. Nach meiner Einsch{\"a}tzung kann eine Notfallversorgung aller PatientInnen im Pandemieverlauf oder w{\"a}hrend einer zuk{\"u}nftigen Pandemie mit konsequentem Hygienekonzept neben dem regul{\"a}ren Klinikbetrieb erm{\"o}glicht werden.},
  subject      = {COVID-19},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WetzelPryssBaumeisteretal.2021,
  author    = {Wetzel, Britta and Pryss, R{\"u}diger and Baumeister, Harald and Edler, Johanna-Sophie and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Ana Sofia Oliveira and Cohrdes, Caroline},
  title     = {"How come you don't call me?" Smartphone communication app usage as an indicator of loneliness and social well-being across the adult lifespan during the COVID-19 pandemic},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph18126212},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241033},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Loneliness and lack of social well-being are associated with adverse health outcomes and have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Smartphone communication data have been suggested to help monitor loneliness, but this requires further evidence. We investigated the informative value of smartphone communication app data for predicting subjective loneliness and social well-being in a sample of 364 participants ranging from 18 to 78 years of age (52.2\% female; mean age = 42.54, SD = 13.22) derived from the CORONA HEALTH APP study from July to December 2020 in Germany. The participants experienced relatively high levels of loneliness and low social well-being during the time period characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from positive associations with phone call use times, smartphone communication app use was associated with social well-being and loneliness only when considering the age of participants. Younger participants with higher use times tended to report less social well-being and higher loneliness, while the opposite association was found for older adults. Thus, the informative value of smartphone communication use time was rather small and became evident only in consideration of age. The results highlight the need for further investigations and the need to address several limitations in order to draw conclusions at the population level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiedererMonoranuStrobeletal.2021,
  author    = {Riederer, P. and Monoranu, C. and Strobel, S. and Iordache, T. and Sian-H{\"u}lsmann, J.},
  title     = {Iron as the concert master in the pathogenic orchestra playing in sporadic Parkinson's disease},
  series = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  volume    = {128},
  journal   = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {1435-1463},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-021-02414-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268539},
  pages     = {1577-1598},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {About 60 years ago, the discovery of a deficiency of dopamine in the nigro-striatal system led to a variety of symptomatic therapeutic strategies to supplement dopamine and to substantially improve the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Since these seminal developments, neuropathological, neurochemical, molecular biological and genetic discoveries contributed to elucidate the pathology of PD. Oxidative stress, the consequences of reactive oxidative species, reduced antioxidative capacity including loss of glutathione, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasomal dysfunction, apoptosis, lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy, suggested to be causal for ɑ-synuclein fibril formation and aggregation and contributing to neuroinflammation and neural cell death underlying this devastating disorder. However, there are no final conclusions about the triggered pathological mechanism(s) and the follow-up of pathological dysfunctions. Nevertheless, it is a fact, that iron, a major component of oxidative reactions, as well as neuromelanin, the major intraneuronal chelator of iron, undergo an age-dependent increase. And ageing is a major risk factor for PD. Iron is significantly increased in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of PD. Reasons for this finding include disturbances in iron-related import and export mechanisms across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), localized opening of the BBB at the nigro-striatal tract including brain vessel pathology. Whether this pathology is of primary or secondary importance is not known. We assume that there is a better fit to the top-down hypotheses and pathogens entering the brain via the olfactory system, then to the bottom-up (gut-brain) hypothesis of PD pathology. Triggers for the bottom-up, the dual-hit and the top-down pathologies include chemicals, viruses and bacteria. If so, hepcidin, a regulator of iron absorption and its distribution into tissues, is suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of iron dyshomeostasis and risk for initiating and progressing ɑ-synuclein pathology. The role of glial components to the pathology of PD is still unknown. However, the dramatic loss of glutathione (GSH), which is mainly synthesized in glia, suggests dysfunction of this process, or GSH uptake into neurons. Loss of GSH and increase in SNpc iron concentration have been suggested to be early, may be even pre-symptomatic processes in the pathology of PD, despite the fact that they are progression factors. The role of glial ferritin isoforms has not been studied so far in detail in human post-mortem brain tissue and a close insight into their role in PD is called upon. In conclusion, "iron" is a major player in the pathology of PD. Selective chelation of excess iron at the site of the substantia nigra, where a dysfunction of the BBB is suggested, with peripherally acting iron chelators is suggested to contribute to the portfolio and therapeutic armamentarium of anti-Parkinson medications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RajeswaranTavoraVieiraMertensetal.2022,
  author    = {Rajeswaran, Ranjith and Tavora-Vieira, Dayse and Mertens, Griet and Dillon, Margaret and Narayan, Saranya and Kameswaran, Mohan and Kurz, Anja},
  title     = {Audiological practice and COVID-19: recommendations that audiological centers can use to maintain the safety and quality of service-expert opinion},
  series = {European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology},
  volume    = {279},
  journal   = {European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1434-4726},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00405-021-06766-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266774},
  pages     = {1251-1256},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Purpose Audiology is an essential service for some patient groups and some interventions. This article sets forth experience-based recommendations for how audiological centers can continue to safely and effectively function during COVID-19. Methods The recommendations are the result of panel discussion and are based on the clinical experience of the panelists/authors. Results The recommendations cover which patient groups and which interventions should be treated when and whether this can be performed in the clinic or remotely; how to maintain the safety of workplace via optimizing patient flow within the clinic and the sanitation of rooms and equipment; and overcoming communication challenges that COVID-19 intensifies. Conclusion For essential audiological services to continue under COVID-19, safety measures must be implemented and maintained, and treatment and communication strategies must be adapted to offset communication difficulties due to personal protective equipment (PPE) and social distancing and to bolster patient confidence. In short, it is vital that staff feel safe, that patients either feel the clinic is safe enough to visit or that remote treatment may be an option, and that clinics and patients have a broad agreement on the urgency of any needed service. We hope that these recommendations help clinics effectively accomplish these goals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FlemmingHankirKusanetal.2021,
  author    = {Flemming, Sven and Hankir, Mohammed K. and Kusan, Simon and Krone, Manuel and Anger, Friedrich and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Wiegering, Armin},
  title     = {Safety of elective abdominal and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective single-center study},
  series = {European Journal of Medical Research},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {European Journal of Medical Research},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40001-021-00583-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264975},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo surgery have impaired postoperative outcomes and increased mortality. Consequently, elective and semi-urgent operations on the increasing number of patients severely affected by COVID-19 have been indefinitely postponed.in many countries with unclear implications on disease progression and overall survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the establishment of a standardized screening program for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sufficient to ensure high-quality medical and surgical treatment of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients while minimizing in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods The screening program comprised polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs and a standardized questionnaire about potential symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All elective and emergency patients admitted to the surgical department of a tertiary-care hospital center in Lower Franconia, Germany, between March and May 2020 were included and their characteristics were recorded. Results Out of the study population (n = 657), 509 patients (77.5\%) had at least one risk factor for a potentially severe course of COVID-19 and 164 patients (25\%) were active smokers. The average 7-day incidence in Lower Franconia was 24.0/100,000 during the observation period. Preoperative PCR testing revealed four asymptomatic positive patients out of the 657 tested patients. No postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission could be detected. Conclusion The implementation of a standardized preoperative screening program to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients can ensure high-quality surgical care while minimizing infection risk for healthcare workers and potential in-hospital transmission.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinGamerGalletal.2021,
  author    = {Hein, Grit and Gamer, Matthias and Gall, Dominik and Gr{\"u}ndahl, Marthe and Domschke, Katharina and Andreatta, Marta and Wieser, Matthias J. and Pauli, Paul},
  title     = {Social cognitive factors outweigh negative emotionality in predicting COVID-19 related safety behaviors},
  series = {Preventive Medicine Reports},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Preventive Medicine Reports},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101559},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265008},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Emotion-motivation models propose that behaviors, including health behaviors, should be predicted by the same variables that also predict negative affect since emotional reactions should induce a motivation to avoid threatening situations. In contrast, social cognitive models propose that safety behaviors are predicted by a different set of variables that mainly reflect cognitive and socio-structural aspects. Here, we directly tested these opposing hypotheses in young adults (N = 4134) in the context of COVID-19-related safety behaviors to prevent infections. In each participant, we collected measures of negative affect as well as cognitive and socio-structural variables during the lockdown in the first infection wave in Germany. We found a negative effect of the pandemic on emotional responses. However, this was not the main predictor for young adults' willingness to comply with COVID-19-related safety measures. Instead, individual differences in compliance were mainly predicted by cognitive and socio-structural variables. These results were confirmed in an independent data set. This study shows that individuals scoring high on negative affect during the pandemic are not necessarily more likely to comply with safety regulations. Instead, political measures should focus on cognitive interventions and the societal relevance of the health issue. These findings provide important insights into the basis of health-related concerns and feelings as well as behavioral adaptations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BartmannFischerHuebneretal.2021,
  author    = {Bartmann, Catharina and Fischer, Leah-Maria and H{\"u}bner, Theresa and M{\"u}ller-Reiter, Max and W{\"o}ckel, Achim and McNeill, Rhiannon V. and Schlaiss, Tanja and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and K{\"a}mmerer, Ulrike and Diessner, Joachim},
  title     = {The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological stress in breast cancer patients},
  series = {BMC Cancer},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {BMC Cancer},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12885-021-09012-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265802},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: The majority of breast cancer patients are severely psychologically affected by breast cancer diagnosis and subsequent therapeutic procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on public life have additionally caused significant psychological distress for much of the population. It is therefore plausible that breast cancer patients might be particularly susceptible to the additional psychological stress caused by the pandemic, increasing suffering. In this study we therefore aimed to assess the level of psychological distress currently experienced by a defined group of breast cancer patients in our breast cancer centre, compared to distress levels preCOVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Female breast cancer patients of all ages receiving either adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or palliative therapies were recruited for the study. All patients were screened for current or previous COVID-19 infection. The participants completed a self-designed COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire, the Stress and Coping Inventory (SCI), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (R) (NCCN (R)) Distress Thermometer (DT), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ C30, and the BR23. Results: Eighty-two breast cancer patients were included. Therapy status and social demographic factors did not have a significant effect on the distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the DT pre and during COVID-19 pandemic did not differ significantly. Using the self-designed COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire, we detected three distinct subgroups demonstrating different levels of concerns in relation to SARS-CoV-2. The subgroup with the highest levels of concern reported significantly decreased life quality, related parameters and symptoms. Conclusions: This monocentric study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected psychological health in a subpopulation of breast cancer patients. The application of a self-created "COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire"could potentially be used to help identify breast cancer patients who are susceptible to increased psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore may need additional intensive psychological support.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerrmannNotzSchlesingeretal.2021,
  author    = {Herrmann, Johannes and Notz, Quirin and Schlesinger, Tobias and Stumpner, Jan and Kredel, Markus and Sitter, Magdalena and Schmid, Benedikt and Kranke, Peter and Schulze, Harald and Meybohm, Patrick and Lotz, Christopher},
  title     = {Point of care diagnostic of hypercoagulability and platelet function in COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study},
  series = {Thrombosis Journal},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Thrombosis Journal},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12959-021-00293-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260739},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated coagulopathy (CAC) leads to thromboembolic events in a high number of critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, specific diagnostic or therapeutic algorithms for CAC have not been established. In the current study, we analyzed coagulation abnormalities with point-of-care testing (POCT) and their relation to hemostatic complications in patients suffering from COVID-19 induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Our hypothesis was that specific diagnostic patterns can be identified in patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS at risk of thromboembolic complications utilizing POCT. Methods This is a single-center, retrospective observational study. Longitudinal data from 247 rotational thromboelastometries (Rotem®) and 165 impedance aggregometries (Multiplate®) were analysed in 18 patients consecutively admitted to the ICU with a COVID-19 induced ARDS between March 12th to June 30th, 2020. Results Median age was 61 years (IQR: 51-69). Median PaO2/FiO2 on admission was 122 mmHg (IQR: 87-189), indicating moderate to severe ARDS. Any form of hemostatic complication occurred in 78 \% of the patients with deep vein/arm thrombosis in 39 \%, pulmonary embolism in 22 \%, and major bleeding in 17 \%. In Rotem® elevated A10 and maximum clot firmness (MCF) indicated higher clot strength. The delta between EXTEM A10 minus FIBTEM A10 (ΔA10) > 30 mm, depicting the sole platelet-part of clot firmness, was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic events (OD: 3.7; 95 \%CI 1.3-10.3; p = 0.02). Multiplate® aggregometry showed hypoactive platelet function. There was no correlation between single Rotem® and Multiplate® parameters at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and thromboembolic or bleeding complications. Conclusions Rotem® and Multiplate® results indicate hypercoagulability and hypoactive platelet dysfunction in COVID-19 induced ARDS but were all in all poorly related to hemostatic complications..},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiangBencurovaPsotaetal.2021,
  author    = {Liang, Chunguang and Bencurova, Elena and Psota, Eric and Neurgaonkar, Priya and Prelog, Martina and Scheller, Carsten and Dandekar, Thomas},
  title     = {Population-predicted MHC class II epitope presentation of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins correlates to the case fatality rates of COVID-19 in different countries},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms22052630},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258936},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {We observed substantial differences in predicted Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHCII) epitope presentation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins for different populations but only minor differences in predicted MHCI epitope presentation. A comparison of this predicted epitope MHC-coverage revealed for the early phase of infection spread (till day 15 after reaching 128 observed infection cases) highly significant negative correlations with the case fatality rate. Specifically, this was observed in different populations for MHC class II presentation of the viral spike protein (p-value: 0.0733 for linear regression), the envelope protein (p-value: 0.023), and the membrane protein (p-value: 0.00053), indicating that the high case fatality rates of COVID-19 observed in some countries seem to be related with poor MHC class II presentation and hence weak adaptive immune response against these viral envelope proteins. Our results highlight the general importance of the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in immunological control in early infection spread looking at a global census in various countries and taking case fatality rate into account. Other factors such as health system and control measures become more important after the early spread. Our study should encourage further studies on MHCII alleles as potential risk factors in COVID-19 including assessment of local populations and specific allele distributions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VollmuthMuljukovAbuMugheisibetal.2021,
  author    = {Vollmuth, Christoph and Muljukov, Olga and Abu-Mugheisib, Mazen and Angermeier, Anselm and Barlinn, Jessica and Busetto, Loraine and Grau, Armin J. and G{\"u}nther, Albrecht and Gumbinger, Christoph and Hubert, Nikolai and H{\"u}ttemann, Katrin and Klingner, Carsten and Naumann, Markus and Palm, Frederick and Remi, Jan and R{\"u}cker, Viktoria and Schessl, Joachim and Schlachetzki, Felix and Schuppner, Ramona and Schwab, Stefan and Schwartz, Andreas and Trommer, Adrian and Urbanek, Christian and Volbers, Bastian and Weber, Joachim and Wojciechowski, Claudia and Worthmann, Hans and Zickler, Philipp and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Haeusler, Karl Georg and Hubert, Gordian Jan},
  title     = {Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on stroke teleconsultations in Germany in the first half of 2020},
  series = {European Journal of Neurology},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {European Journal of Neurology},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1111/ene.14787},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259396},
  pages     = {3267-3278},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background and purpose The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on telemedical care have not been described on a national level. Thus, we investigated the medical stroke treatment situation before, during, and after the first lockdown in Germany. Methods In this nationwide, multicenter study, data from 14 telemedical networks including 31 network centers and 155 spoke hospitals covering large parts of Germany were analyzed regarding patients' characteristics, stroke type/severity, and acute stroke treatment. A survey focusing on potential shortcomings of in-hospital and (telemedical) stroke care during the pandemic was conducted. Results Between January 2018 and June 2020, 67,033 telemedical consultations and 38,895 telemedical stroke consultations were conducted. A significant decline of telemedical (p < 0.001) and telemedical stroke consultations (p < 0.001) during the lockdown in March/April 2020 and a reciprocal increase after relaxation of COVID-19 measures in May/June 2020 were observed. Compared to 2018-2019, neither stroke patients' age (p = 0.38), gender (p = 0.44), nor severity of ischemic stroke (p = 0.32) differed in March/April 2020. Whereas the proportion of ischemic stroke patients for whom endovascular treatment (14.3\% vs. 14.6\%; p = 0.85) was recommended remained stable, there was a nonsignificant trend toward a lower proportion of recommendation of intravenous thrombolysis during the lockdown (19.0\% vs. 22.1\%; p = 0.052). Despite the majority of participating network centers treating patients with COVID-19, there were no relevant shortcomings reported regarding in-hospital stroke treatment or telemedical stroke care. Conclusions Telemedical stroke care in Germany was able to provide full service despite the COVID-19 pandemic, but telemedical consultations declined abruptly during the lockdown period and normalized after relaxation of COVID-19 measures in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerrmannAdamNotzetal.2020,
  author    = {Herrmann, Johannes and Adam, Elisabeth Hannah and Notz, Quirin and Helmer, Philipp and Sonntagbauer, Michael and Ungemach-Papenberg, Peter and Sanns, Andreas and Zausig, York and Steinfeldt, Thorsten and Torje, Iuliu and Schmid, Benedikt and Schlesinger, Tobias and Rolfes, Caroline and Reyher, Christian and Kredel, Markus and Stumpner, Jan and Brack, Alexander and Wurmb, Thomas and Gill-Schuster, Daniel and Kranke, Peter and Weismann, Dirk and Klinker, Hartwig and Heuschmann, Peter and R{\"u}cker, Viktoria and Frantz, Stefan and Ertl, Georg and Muellenbach, Ralf Michael and Mutlak, Haitham and Meybohm, Patrick and Zacharowski, Kai and Lotz, Christopher},
  title     = {COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome — A Multicenter Observational Study},
  series = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  issn      = {2296-858X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmed.2020.599533},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219834},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Proportions of patients dying from the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vary between different countries. We report the characteristics; clinical course and outcome of patients requiring intensive care due to COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: This is a retrospective, observational multicentre study in five German secondary or tertiary care hospitals. All patients consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in any of the participating hospitals between March 12 and May 4, 2020 with a COVID-19 induced ARDS were included. Results: A total of 106 ICU patients were treated for COVID-19 induced ARDS, whereas severe ARDS was present in the majority of cases. Survival of ICU treatment was 65.0\%. Median duration of ICU treatment was 11 days; median duration of mechanical ventilation was 9 days. The majority of ICU treated patients (75.5\%) did not receive any antiviral or anti-inflammatory therapies. Venovenous (vv) ECMO was utilized in 16.3\%. ICU triage with population-level decision making was not necessary at any time. Univariate analysis associated older age, diabetes mellitus or a higher SOFA score on admission with non-survival during ICU stay. Conclusions: A high level of care adhering to standard ARDS treatments lead to a good outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GesslerLehmannBoeseletal.2021,
  author    = {Gessler, Florian and Lehmann, Felix and B{\"o}sel, Julian and Fuhrer, Hannah and Neugebauer, Hermann and Wartenberg, Katja E. and Wolf, Stefan and Bernstock, Joshua D. and Niesen, Wolf-Dirk and Schuss, Patrick},
  title     = {Triage and Allocation of Neurocritical Care Resources During the COVID 19 Pandemic - A National Survey},
  series = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  issn      = {1664-2295},
  doi       = {10.3389/fneur.2020.609227},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221593},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objective: In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated hospitalization of an overwhelming number of ventilator-dependent patients, medical and/or ethical patient triage paradigms have become essential. While guidelines on the allocation of scarce resources do exist, such work within the subdisciplines of intensive care (e.g., neurocritical care) remains limited. Methods: A 16-item questionnaire was developed that sought to explore/quantify the expert opinions of German neurointensivists with regard to triage decisions. The anonymous survey was conducted via a web-based platform and in total, 96 members of the Initiative of German Neurointensive Trial Engagement (IGNITE)-study group were contacted via e-mail. The IGNITE consortium consists of an interdisciplinary panel of specialists with expertise in neuro-critical care (i.e., anesthetists, neurologists and neurosurgeons). Results: Fifty members of the IGNITE consortium responded to the questionnaire; in total the respondents were in charge of more than 500 Neuro ICU beds throughout Germany. Common determinants reported which affected triage decisions included known patient wishes (98\%), the state of health before admission (96\%), SOFA-score (85\%) and patient age (69\%). Interestingly, other principles of allocation, such as a treatment of "youngest first" (61\%) and members of the healthcare sector (50\%) were also noted. While these were the most accepted parameters affecting the triage of patients, a "first-come, first-served" principle appeared to be more accepted than a lottery for the allocation of ICU beds which contradicts much of what has been reported within the literature. The respondents also felt that at least one neurointensivist should serve on any interdisciplinary triage team. Conclusions: The data gathered in the context of this survey reveal the estimation/perception of triage algorithms among neurointensive care specialists facing COVID-19. Further, it is apparent that German neurointensivists strongly feel that they should be involved in any triage decisions at an institutional level given the unique resources needed to treat patients within the Neuro ICU.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DoelkenStichSpinner2021,
  author    = {D{\"o}lken, Lars and Stich, August and Spinner, Christoph D.},
  title     = {Remdesivir for Early COVID-19 Treatment of High-Risk Individuals Prior to or at Early Disease Onset — Lessons Learned},
  series = {Viruses},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Viruses},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1999-4915},
  doi       = {10.3390/v13060963},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239648},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {After more than one year of the COVID-19 pandemic, antiviral treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 are still severely limited. High hopes that had initially been placed on antiviral drugs like remdesivir have so far not been fulfilled. While individual case reports provide striking evidence for the clinical efficacy of remdesivir in the right clinical settings, major trials failed to demonstrate this. Here, we highlight and discuss the key findings of these studies and underlying reasons for their failure. We elaborate on how such shortcomings should be prevented in future clinical trials and pandemics. We suggest in conclusion that any novel antiviral agent that enters human trials should first be tested in a post-exposure setting to provide rapid and solid evidence for its clinical efficacy before initiating further time-consuming and costly clinical trials for more advanced disease. In the COVID-19 pandemic this might have established remdesivir early on as an efficient antiviral agent at a more suitable disease stage which would have saved many lives, in particular in large outbreaks within residential care homes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AppelHardaker2021,
  author    = {Appel, Alexandra and Hardaker, Sina},
  title     = {Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis — Retailers and Regional Resilience in W{\"u}rzburg, Germany},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su13052643},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233991},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Research on the COVID-19 crisis and its implications on regional resilience is still in its infancy. To understand resilience on its aggregate level it is important to identify (non)resilient actions of individual actors who comprise regions. As the retail sector among others represents an important factor in an urban regions recovery, we focus on the resilience of (textile) retailers within the city of W{\"u}rzburg in Germany to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address the identified research gap, this paper applies the concept of resilience. Firstly, conducting expert interviews, the individual (textile) retailers' level and their strategies in coping with the crisis is considered. Secondly, conducting a contextual analysis of the German city of W{\"u}rzburg, we wish to contribute to the discussion of how the resilience of a region is influenced inter alia by actors. Our study finds three main strategies on the individual level, with retailers: (1) intending to "bounce back" to a pre-crisis state, (2) reorganising existing practices, as well as (3) closing stores and winding up business. As at the time of research, no conclusions regarding long-term impacts and resilience are possible, the results are limited. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of retailers' strategies contributes to a better understanding of regional resilience.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Leschzyk2020,
  author    = {Leschzyk, Dinah},
  title     = {Corona-Kommunikation. Wie Jair Bolsonaro die Wissenschaft diskreditiert und Verschw{\"o}rungstheorien befeuert},
  series = {promptus - W{\"u}rzburger Beitr{\"a}ge zur Romanistik},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {promptus - W{\"u}rzburger Beitr{\"a}ge zur Romanistik},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244271},
  pages     = {107-129},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This article deals with discursive and argumentative strategies used by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to bring science in discredit during the 2020's COVID-19-pandemic. Based on official statements and Tweets launched over the crisis the Discourse-Historical Approach is applied to make strategies brought into play by Bolsonaro visible. While the President declares scientific advice such as distancing and quarantine as ineffective, he recommends the use of hydroxychloroquine as well as old fashioned prayers for staying safe and healthy. He evokes that there are «fake news» and «partners of paralysis», to which he responds by demasking and bringing the one and only truth towards «the people». The analysis points out that Bolsonaro is downplaying the virus and the risk of transmission and puts the economy ahead of health. His supporters as a consequence tend to ignore the WHO recommendations how to behave during the pandemic.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchoenBerkingBiedermannetal.2020,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}n, Michael P. and Berking, Carola and Biedermann, Tilo and Buhl, Timo and Erpenbeck, Luise and Eyerich, Kilian and Eyerich, Stefanie and Ghoreschi, Kamran and Goebeler, Matthias and Ludwig, Ralf J. and Sch{\"a}kel, Knut and Schilling, Bastian and Schlapbach, Christoph and Stary, Georg and von Stebut, Esther and Steinbrink, Kerstin},
  title     = {COVID-19 and immunological regulations - from basic and translational aspects to clinical implications},
  series = {JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1111/ddg.14169},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218205},
  pages     = {795 -- 807},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has far-reaching direct and indirect medical consequences. These include both the course and treatment of diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that infections with SARS-CoV-2 can cause considerable immunological alterations, which particularly also affect pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant factors. Against this background we summarize here the current state of knowledge on the interaction of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 with mediators of the acute phase of inflammation (TNF, IL-1, IL-6), type 1 and type 17 immune responses (IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, IL-36), type 2 immune reactions (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-31, IgE), B-cell immunity, checkpoint regulators (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4), and orally druggable signaling pathways (JAK, PDE4, calcineurin). In addition, we discuss in this context non-specific immune modulation by glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate, antimalarial drugs, azathioprine, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil and fumaric acid esters, as well as neutrophil granulocyte-mediated innate immune mechanisms. From these recent findings we derive possible implications for the therapeutic modulation of said immunological mechanisms in connection with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Although, of course, the greatest care should be taken with patients with immunologically mediated diseases or immunomodulating therapies, it appears that many treatments can also be carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic; some even appear to alleviate COVID-19.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuhlBeissertGaffaletal.2020,
  author    = {Buhl, Timo and Beissert, Stefan and Gaffal, Evelyn and Goebeler, Matthias and Hertl, Michael and Mauch, Cornelia and Reich, Kristian and Schmidt, Enno and Sch{\"o}n, Michael P. and Sticherling, Michael and Sunderk{\"o}tter, Cord and Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia and Werfel, Thomas and Wilsman-Theis, Dagmar and Worm, Margitta},
  title     = {COVID-19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases},
  series = {JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1111/ddg.14195},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217860},
  pages     = {815 -- 824},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID-19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection. This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID-19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouBaiMeckeletal.2021,
  author    = {Zhou, Xiang and Bai, Tao and Meckel, Katharina and Song, Jun and Jin, Yu and Kort{\"u}m, Martin K. and Eisele, Hermann and Hou, Xiaohua and Rasche, Leo},
  title     = {COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from W{\"u}rzburg and Wuhan},
  series = {Annals of Hematology},
  volume    = {100},
  journal   = {Annals of Hematology},
  issn      = {0939-5555},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00277-020-04184-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235108},
  pages     = {843-846},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NotzLotzHerrmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Notz, Quirin and Lotz, Christopher and Herrmann, Johannes and Vogt, Marius and Schlesinger, Tobias and Kredel, Markus and Muellges, Wolfgang and Weismann, Dirk and Westermaier, Thomas and Meybohm, Patrick and Kranke, Peter},
  title     = {Severe neurological complications in critically ill COVID‑19 patients},
  series = {Journal of Neurology},
  journal   = {Journal of Neurology},
  issn      = {0340-5354},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00415-020-10152-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232429},
  pages     = {1576-1579},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FlemmingHankirErnestusetal.2020,
  author    = {Flemming, S. and Hankir, M. and Ernestus, R.-I. and Seyfried, F. and Germer, C.-T. and Meybohm, P. and Wurmb, T. and Vogel, U. and Wiegering, A.},
  title     = {Surgery in times of COVID-19 — recommendations for hospital and patient management},
  series = {Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery},
  volume    = {405},
  journal   = {Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery},
  issn      = {1435-2443},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00423-020-01888-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231766},
  pages     = {359-364},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global pandemic stretching healthcare systems worldwide to their limits. Surgeonshave had to immediately react to this unprecedented clinical challenge by systematically repurposing surgical wards. Purpose To provide a detailed set of guidelines developed in a surgical ward at University Hospital Wuerzburg to safelyaccommodate the exponentially rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without compromising the care of emergencysurgery and oncological patients or jeopardizing the well-being of hospital staff. Conclusions The dynamic prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 infected and surgical patient groups is key to preserving life whilemaintaining high surgical standards. Strictly segregating patient groups in emergency rooms, non-intensive care wards andoperating areas prevents viral spread while adequately training and carefully selecting hospital staff allow them to confidentlyand successfully undertake their respective clinical duties.},
  language  = {en}
}