@article{KirylukYifuSannaCherchietal.2012,
  author    = {Kiryluk, Krzysztof and Yifu, Li and Sanna-Cherchi, Simone and Rohanizadegan, Mersedeh and Suzuki, Hitoshi and Eitner, Frank and Snyder, Holly J. and Choi, Murim and Hou, Ping and Scolari, Francesco and Izzi, Claudia and Gigante, Maddalena and Gesualdo, Loreto and Savoldi, Silvana and Amoroso, Antonio and Cusi, Daniele and Zamboli, Pasquale and Julian, Bruce A. and Novak, Jan and Wyatt, Robert J. and Mucha, Krzysztof and Perola, Markus and Kristiansson, Kati and Viktorin, Alexander and Magnusson, Patrik K. and Thorleifsson, Gudmar and Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur and Stefansson, Kari and Boland, Anne and Metzger, Marie and Thibaudin, Lise and Wanner, Christoph and Jager, Kitty J. and Goto, Shin and Maixnerova, Dita and Karnib, Hussein H. and Nagy, Judit and Panzer, Ulf and Xie, Jingyuan and Chen, Nan and Tesar, Vladimir and Narita, Ichiei and Berthoux, Francois and Floege, J{\"u}rgen and Stengel, Benedicte and Zhang, Hong and Lifton, Richard P. and Gharavi, Ali G.},
  title     = {Geographic Differences in Genetic Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy: GWAS Replication Study and Geospatial Risk Analysis},
  series = {PLoS Genetics},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS Genetics},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1002765},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130195},
  pages     = {e1002765},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {IgA nephropathy (IgAN), major cause of kidney failure worldwide, is common in Asians, moderately prevalent in Europeans, and rare in Africans. It is not known if these differences represent variation in genes, environment, or ascertainment. In a recent GWAS, we localized five IgAN susceptibility loci on Chr.6p21 (HLA-DQB1/DRB1, PSMB9/TAP1, and DPA1/DPB2 loci), Chr.1q32 (CFHR3/R1 locus), and Chr.22q12 (HORMAD2 locus). These IgAN loci are associated with risk of other immune-mediated disorders such as type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or inflammatory bowel disease. We tested association of these loci in eight new independent cohorts of Asian, European, and African-American ancestry (N = 4,789), followed by meta-analysis with risk-score modeling in 12 cohorts (N = 10,755) and geospatial analysis in 85 world populations. Four susceptibility loci robustly replicated and all five loci were genome-wide significant in the combined cohort (P = 5x10\(^{-32}\) 3x10\(^{-10}\), with heterogeneity detected only at the PSMB9/TAP1 locus (I\(^{-2}\) = 0.60). Conditional analyses identified two new independent risk alleles within the HLA-DQB1/DRB1 locus, defining multiple risk and protective haplotypes within this interval. We also detected a significant genetic interaction, whereby the odds ratio for the HORMAD2 protective allele was reversed in homozygotes for a CFHR3/R1 deletion (P = 2.5x10\(^{-4}\)). A seven-SNP genetic risk score, which explained 4.7\% of overall IgAN risk, increased sharply with Eastward and Northward distance from Africa (r = 0.30, P = 3x10\(^{-128}\)). This model paralleled the known East-West gradient in disease risk. Moreover, the prediction of a South-North axis was confirmed by registry data showing that the prevalence of IgAN-attributable kidney failure is increased in Northern Europe, similar to multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes. Variation at IgAN susceptibility loci correlates with differences in disease prevalence among world populations. These findings inform genetic, biological, and epidemiological investigations of IgAN and permit cross-comparison with other complex traits that share genetic risk loci and geographic patterns with IgAN.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PippiasStelDiezetal.2015,
  author    = {Pippias, Maria and Stel, Vianda S. and Diez, Jos{\´e} Maria Abad and Afentakis, Nikolaos and Herrero-Calvo, Jose Antonio and Arias, Manuel and Tomilina, Natalia and Caama{\~n}o, Encarnaci{\´o}n Bouzas and Buturovic-Ponikvar, Jadranka and Čala, Svjetlana and Caskey, Fergus J. and de la Nuez, Pablo Castro and Cernevskis, Harijs and Collart, Frederic and de la Torre, Ram{\´o}n Alonso and de los {\´A}ngeles Garc{\´i}a Bazaga, Maria and De Meester, Johan and D{\´i}az, Joan Manuel and Djukanovic, Ljubica and Alamar, Manuel Ferrer and Finne, Patrik and Garneata, Liliana and Golan, Eliezer and Gonz{\´a}lez Fern{\´a}ndez, Raquel and Guti{\´e}rrez Avila, Gonzalo and Heaf, James and Hoitsma, Andries and Kantaria, Nino and Kolesnyk, Mykola and Kramar, Reinhard and Kramer, Anneke and Lassalle, Mathilde and Leivestad, Torbj{\o}rn and Lopot, Frantisek and Mac{\´a}rio, Fernando and Magaz, Angela and Mart{\´i}n-Escobar, Eduardo and Metcalfe, Wendy and Noordzij, Marlies and Palsson, Runolfur and Pechter, {\"U}lle and Pr{\"u}tz, Karl G. and Ratkovic, Marina and Resić, Halima and Rutkowski, Boleslaw and de Pablos, Carmen Santiuste and Spustov{\´a}, Viera and S{\"u}leymanlar, G{\"u}ltekin and Van Stralen, Karlijn and Thereska, Nestor and Wanner, Christoph and Jager, Kitty J.},
  title     = {Renal replacement therapy in Europe: a summary of the 2012 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report},
  series = {Clinical Kidney Journal},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Clinical Kidney Journal},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1093/ckj/sfv014},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150054},
  pages     = {248-261},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background This article summarizes the 2012 European Renal Association—European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry Annual Report (available at www.era-edta-reg.org) with a specific focus on older patients (defined as ≥65 years). Methods Data provided by 45 national or regional renal registries in 30 countries in Europe and bordering the Mediterranean Sea were used. Individual patient level data were received from 31 renal registries, whereas 14 renal registries contributed data in an aggregated form. The incidence, prevalence and survival probabilities of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) and renal transplantation rates for 2012 are presented. Results In 2012, the overall unadjusted incidence rate of patients with ESRD receiving RRT was 109.6 per million population (pmp) (n = 69 035), ranging from 219.9 pmp in Portugal to 24.2 pmp in Montenegro. The proportion of incident patients ≥75 years varied from 15 to 44\% between countries. The overall unadjusted prevalence on 31 December 2012 was 716.7 pmp (n = 451 270), ranging from 1670.2 pmp in Portugal to 146.7 pmp in the Ukraine. The proportion of prevalent patients ≥75 years varied from 11 to 32\% between countries. The overall renal transplantation rate in 2012 was 28.3 pmp (n = 15 673), with the highest rate seen in the Spanish region of Catalonia. The proportion of patients ≥65 years receiving a transplant ranged from 0 to 35\%. Five-year adjusted survival for all RRT patients was 59.7\% (95\% confidence interval, CI: 59.3-60.0) which fell to 39.3\% (95\% CI: 38.7-39.9) in patients 65-74 years and 21.3\% (95\% CI: 20.8-21.9) in patients ≥75 years.},
  language  = {en}
}