@article{WeissGruendahlDeckertetal.2023, author = {Weiß, Martin and Gr{\"u}ndahl, Marthe and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Eichner, Felizitas A. and Kohls, Mirjam and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Hein, Grit}, title = {Differential network interactions between psychosocial factors, mental health, and health-related quality of life in women and men}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {13}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, organization = {STAAB-COVID Study Group}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-38525-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357858}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Psychosocial factors affect mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a complex manner, yet gender differences in these interactions remain poorly understood. We investigated whether psychosocial factors such as social support and personal and work-related concerns impact mental health and HRQL differentially in women and men during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Between June and October 2020, the first part of a COVID-19-specific program was conducted within the "Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression (STAAB)" cohort study, a representative age- and gender-stratified sample of the general population of W{\"u}rzburg, Germany. Using psychometric networks, we first established the complex relations between personal social support, personal and work-related concerns, and their interactions with anxiety, depression, and HRQL. Second, we tested for gender differences by comparing expected influence, edge weight differences, and stability of the networks. The network comparison revealed a significant difference in the overall network structure. The male (N = 1370) but not the female network (N = 1520) showed a positive link between work-related concern and anxiety. In both networks, anxiety was the most central variable. These findings provide further evidence that the complex interplay of psychosocial factors with mental health and HRQL decisively depends on gender. Our results are relevant for the development of gender-specific interventions to increase resilience in times of pandemic crisis.}, language = {en} } @article{RiedererterMeulen2020, author = {Riederer, Peter and ter Meulen, Volker}, title = {Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {127}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, number = {9}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-020-02230-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314637}, pages = {1217-1228}, year = {2020}, abstract = {While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood-brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric symptomatology and eventual respective disorders cannot be excluded as evidenced from influenza-A triggered post-encephalitic Parkinsonism and HIV-1 triggered AIDS-dementia complex. From the available evidences for coronavirus-induced brain pathology, this review concludes a number of unmet needs for further research strategies like human postmortem brain analyses. SARS-CoV-2 mirroring experimental animal brain studies, characterization of time-dependent and region-dependent spreading behaviours of coronaviruses, enlightening of pathological mechanisms after coronavirus infection using long-term animal models and clinical observations of patients having had COVID-19 infection are calling to develop both protective strategies and drug discoveries to avoid early and late coronavirus-induced functional brain disturbances, symptoms and eventually disorders. To fight SARS-CoV-2, it is an urgent need to enforce clinical, molecular biological, neurochemical and genetic research including brain-related studies on a worldwide harmonized basis.}, language = {en} } @article{NeubertSchlechtMengetal.2023, author = {Neubert, Sven and Schlecht, Sina and Meng, Karin and Rabe, Antonia and Jentschke, Elisabeth}, title = {Effects of a video sequence based intervention on anxiety, fatigue and depression in cancer patients: results of a randomized controlled trial}, series = {Integrative Cancer Therapies}, volume = {22}, journal = {Integrative Cancer Therapies}, issn = {1552-695X}, doi = {10.1177/15347354231153172}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304581}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background: Cancer patients often suffer from psychological symptoms and need psychological support. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, eHealth interventions might be helpful to overcome the obstacles of the pandemic. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a video sequence-based eHealth intervention on anxiety, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients. Methods: Patients (N = 157) with different tumor entities were randomly assigned to the video intervention group (IG) and the waiting control group (CG). Patients in the IG received a video intervention comprising 8 video sequences over 4 weeks. The videos included psychoeducation on distress and psychological symptoms, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy elements, and Yoga and Qigong exercises. Patients' anxiety and fear of progression (primary outcomes) and secondary outcomes were assessed before randomization (T1) and after the end of the intervention for IG or the waiting period for CG (T2) using self-reported questionnaires (GAD-7, PA-F-KF, EORTC QLQ-FA12, PHQ-8). Results: Patients of the IG showed no significant improvement in anxiety (GAD-7; P = .75), fear of progression (FoP-Q-SF; P = .29), fatigue (EORTC QLQ-FA12; P = .72), and depression (PHQ-8; P = .95) compared to patients in the waiting CG. However, symptoms of anxiety, fatigue, and depression decreased in both groups. Exploratory subgroup analysis regarding sex, therapy status, therapy goal, and tumor entity showed no effects. Overall, the intervention had a high level of acceptance. Conclusions: The video intervention was ineffective in reducing the psychological burden compared to a waiting CG. The findings support prior observations of the value of therapeutic guidance and promoting self-management for improving patients' psychological burdens. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of psycho-oncological eHealth delivered through video sequences.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Scheiner2024, author = {Scheiner, Christin}, title = {Vulnerability in adolescence: prevalence, pandemic impact and prevention}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-35164}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351644}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This compilation focuses on adolescent mental disorders and their prevention. It comprises three distinct studies, each contributing to a deeper understanding of this critical topic. This work addresses a critical gap in the understanding of, and approach to, adolescent mental health, and as a result reveals a critically important and urgently needed policy implication for action. The thematic structure of these studies begins with an examination of the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorders. Baseline data were collected from N = 877 adolescents with a mean age of 12.43 years (SD = 0.65). Mental health problems, such as depressive symptoms, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, symptoms of eating disorders, and gender differences, are thoroughly examined. Results revealed a significant portion of our sample displaying mental health problems as early as the 6th and 7th grades, with girls generally being more affected than boys. The findings underscore the importance of early adolescence in the emergence of mental health problems and thereby emphasize the need for preventive measures. Moving beyond prevalence estimates, the compilation delves into the etiology of these disorders, exploring their potential correlation with a COVID-19 infection. Understanding the early signs and risk factors is crucial for timely support. While numerous studies have investigated potential risk and protective factors during the pandemic, our focus shifts to adolescents' coping when an infection with the virus was involved (N = 2,154, M = 12.31, SD = 0.67). We hypothesized that students infected or with close family members infected, would exhibit an increased psychopathology and a decreased functioning of protective factors such as self-efficacy or self-esteem. We found no connection between infection and the mental health status within our sample, but protective factors and mental well-being were positively associated. Thus, universal primary prevention appears to be the preferred approach for promoting mental health. Lastly, the compilation introduces LessStress, a noteworthy contribution to more evidence-based prevention programs. This universal approach is designed to reduce stress in schools, accompanied by a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate its effectiveness (estimated sample size N = 1,894). Existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of stress prevention, leading us to introduce a short and easy-to-implement prevention program. There is positive evidence for one-lesson interventions in schools for promoting well-being and health behaviors among adolescents. LessStress is designed based on a life skills approach that not only imparts psychoeducational content but also teaches skills relevant to everyday life and directly applicable. Throughout these studies, a common thread emerges: the pressing need to address mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. These formative years play a pivotal role in the development of mental health problems. These formative years play a crucial role in the development of mental health problems. They highlight the importance of epidemiological data collection and analysis based on the latest models to develop prevention interventions that are not only effective but also reach young people on a global level.}, subject = {Jugend}, language = {en} } @article{NowackaChmielewskaGrabowskaGrabowskietal.2022, author = {Nowacka-Chmielewska, Marta and Grabowska, Konstancja and Grabowski, Mateusz and Meybohm, Patrick and Burek, Malgorzata and Małecki, Andrzej}, title = {Running from stress: neurobiological mechanisms of exercise-induced stress resilience}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {21}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms232113348}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297407}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Chronic stress, even stress of a moderate intensity related to daily life, is widely acknowledged to be a predisposing or precipitating factor in neuropsychiatric diseases. There is a clear relationship between disturbances induced by stressful stimuli, especially long-lasting stimuli, and cognitive deficits in rodent models of affective disorders. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) functions, contributes to an improvement in mood and of cognitive abilities (including memory and learning), and is correlated with an increase in the expression of the neurotrophic factors and markers of synaptic plasticity as well as a reduction in the inflammatory factors. Studies published so far show that the energy challenge caused by physical exercise can affect the CNS by improving cellular bioenergetics, stimulating the processes responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and molecules, and attenuating inflammation processes. Regular physical activity brings another important benefit: increased stress robustness. The evidence from animal studies is that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with stress vulnerability, whereas a physically active lifestyle is associated with stress resilience. Here, we have performed a comprehensive PubMed Search Strategy for accomplishing an exhaustive literature review. In this review, we discuss the findings from experimental studies on the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the impact of exercise on brain resilience. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective potential of preconditioning exercise and of the role of exercise in stress resilience, among other things, may open further options for prevention and therapy in the treatment of CNS diseases.}, language = {en} } @article{UeceylerSchliesserEvdokimovetal.2022, author = {{\"U}{\c{c}}eyler, Nurcan and Schließer, Mira and Evdokimov, Dimitar and Radziwon, Jakub and Feulner, Betty and Unterecker, Stefan and Rimmele, Florian and Walter, Uwe}, title = {Reduced midbrain raphe echogenicity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome}, series = {PloS One}, volume = {17}, journal = {PloS One}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0277316}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300639}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objectives The pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is unclear. Transcranial ultrasonography revealed anechoic alteration of midbrain raphe in depression and anxiety disorders, suggesting affection of the central serotonergic system. Here, we assessed midbrain raphe echogenicity in FMS. Methods Sixty-six patients underwent transcranial sonography, of whom 53 were patients with FMS (27 women, 26 men), 13 patients with major depression and physical pain (all women), and 14 healthy controls (11 women, 3 men). Raphe echogenicity was graded visually as normal or hypoechogenic, and quantified by digitized image analysis, each by investigators blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Results Quantitative midbrain raphe echogenicity was lower in patients with FMS compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), but not different from that of patients with depression and accompanying physical pain. Pain and FMS symptom burden did not correlate with midbrain raphe echogenicity as well as the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion We found reduced echogenicity of the midbrain raphe area in patients with FMS and in patients with depression and physical pain, independent of the presence or severity of pain, FMS, and depressive symptoms. Further exploration of this sonographic finding is necessary before this objective technique may enter diagnostic algorithms in FMS and depression.}, language = {en} } @article{KittelSchneiderFeliceBuhagiaretal.2022, author = {Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Felice, Ethel and Buhagiar, Rachel and Lambregtse-van den Berg, Mijke and Wilson, Claire A. and Banjac Baljak, Visnja and Vujovic, Katarina Savic and Medic, Branislava and Opankovic, Ana and Fonseca, Ana and Lupattelli, Angela}, title = {Treatment of peripartum depression with antidepressants and other psychotropic medications: a synthesis of clinical practice guidelines in Europe}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {4}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19041973}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262130}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study examined (1) the availability and content of national CPGs for treatment of peripartum depression, including comorbid anxiety, with antidepressants and other psychotropics across Europe and (2) antidepressant and other psychotropic utilization data as an indicator of prescribers' compliance to the guidelines. We conducted a search using Medline and the Guidelines International Network database, combined with direct e-mail contact with national Riseup-PPD COST ACTION members and researchers within psychiatry. Of the 48 European countries examined, we screened 41 records and included 14 of them for full-text evaluation. After exclusion of ineligible and duplicate records, we included 12 CPGs. Multiple CPGs recommend antidepressant initiation or continuation based on maternal disease severity, non-response to first-line non-pharmacological interventions, and after risk-benefit assessment. Advice on treatment of comorbid anxiety is largely missing or unspecific. Antidepressant dispensing data suggest general prescribers' compliance with the preferred substances of the CPG, although country-specific differences were noted. To conclude, there is an urgent need for harmonized, up-to-date CPGs for pharmacological management of peripartum depression and comorbid anxiety in Europe. The recommendations need to be informed by the latest available evidence so that healthcare providers and women can make informed, evidence-based decisions about treatment choices.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerKnopDanhofetal.2022, author = {Fischer, Julia and Knop, Stefan and Danhof, Sophia and Einsele, Hermann and Keller, Daniela and L{\"o}ffler, Claudia}, title = {The influence of baseline characteristics, treatment and depression on health-related quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma: a prospective observational study}, series = {BMC Cancer}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Cancer}, doi = {10.1186/s12885-022-10101-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300435}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common hematologic malignancy with increasing importance due to improving treatment strategies and long-term outcomes in an aging population. This study aims to analyse influencing factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), such as treatment strategies, participation in a clinical trial and patient characteristics like anxiety, depression, gender, and age. A better understanding of the individual factors in context with HRQoL could provide a helpful instrument for clinical decisions. Methods In this prospective observational study, the HRQoL of MM patients with different therapies (first-line and relapse) was quantified by standardized questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and -MY20) in the context of sociodemographic data, individual anxiety and depressiveness (PHQ-4), and a selected number of clinical parameters and symptoms at defined time-points before, during, and after therapy. Results In total, 70 patients were included in the study. The median age of the study cohort was 62 years. 44\% were female and 56\% were male patients. More than half of the patients were fully active with an ECOG 0. Global health status was significantly higher in patients with first-line treatment and even increased after start of therapy, while the pain level decreased. In contrast, patients with relapsed MM reported a decreasing global health status and increasing pain. Additionally, there was a higher global health status in less anxious/depressive patients. HRQoL decreased significantly after start of chemotherapy in the parameters body image, side effects of treatment, and cognitive functioning. Tandem stem-cell transplantation was not found to be a risk factor for higher impairment of HRQoL. Participation in a clinical study led to an improvement of most aspects of HRQoL. Among others, increased anxiety and depression, female gender, older age, impaired performance status, and recurrent disease can be early indicators for a reduced HRQoL. Conclusion This study showed the importance of regular longitudinal assessments of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in routine clinical care. For the first time, to our knowledge, we were able to demonstrate a potential impact between participation in clinical trials and HRQoL. However, due to frequently restrictive inclusion criteria for clinical trials, these MM patients might not be directly comparable with patients treated within standard therapy concepts. Further studies are needed to clarify the relevance of this preliminary data in order to develop an individualized, patient-centred, therapy concept.}, language = {en} } @article{HeckmannPauli2022, author = {Heckmann, Manfred and Pauli, Martin}, title = {Visualizing presynaptic active zones and synaptic vesicles}, series = {Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience}, issn = {1663-3563}, doi = {10.3389/fnsyn.2022.901341}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-274687}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The presynaptic active zone (AZ) of chemical synapses is a highly dynamic compartment where synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release take place. During evolution the AZ was optimized for speed, accuracy, and reliability of chemical synaptic transmission in combination with miniaturization and plasticity. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers nanometer spatial resolution as well as information about copy number, localization, and orientation of proteins of interest in AZs. This type of imaging allows quantifications of activity dependent AZ reorganizations, e.g., in the context of presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. In combination with high-pressure freezing and optogenetic or electrical stimulation AZs can be imaged with millisecond temporal resolution during synaptic activity. Therefore SMLM allows the determination of key parameters in the complex spatial environment of AZs, necessary for next generation simulations of chemical synapses with realistic protein arrangements.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheinerGrashoffKleindienstetal.2022, author = {Scheiner, Christin and Grashoff, Jan and Kleindienst, Nikolaus and Buerger, Arne}, title = {Mental disorders at the beginning of adolescence: Prevalence estimates in a sample aged 11-14 years}, series = {Public Health in Practice}, volume = {4}, journal = {Public Health in Practice}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100348}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300404}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objectives This study aims to provide a deeper insight into mental disorders in early adolescence. We report prevalence rates (mental health problems, depressive symptoms, eating disorders, NSSI, STBs) to be used in future studies and clinical ventures. We also expected to find gender differences, with girls being be more affected than boys are. Study design 877 adolescents (M = 12.43, SD = 0.65) from seven German high schools completed a series of questionnaires assessing their mental health (SDQ, PHQ-9, SEED, DSHI-9, Paykel Suicide Scale, FAS III). Methods We calculated cut-off-based prevalence estimates for mental health issues for the whole sample and compared estimates between genders. Results 12.5\% of the sample reported general mental health problems. The estimated prevalence of depressive symptoms lay at of 11.5\%. Additionally, 12.1\% and 1.3\% of the participants displayed relevant symptoms of anorexia or bulimia nervosa, respectively. A total of 10.8\% reported engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at least once in their lifetime, of whom 5.6\% reported repetitive NSSI. 30.1\% of the participants described suicidal thoughts, 9.9\% suicide plans, and 3.5\% at least one suicide attempt. Girls were generally more affected than boys, except for bulimia nervosa, suicidal behavior, and partly NSSI. Conclusion Our findings corroborate the established relevance of early adolescence for the development of mental health problems and suggest that a substantial proportion of young adolescents suffer from such problems early on. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and reported negative mental health consequences, the current findings underline the importance of preventive interventions to avoid the manifestation of mental disorders during adolescence.}, language = {en} } @article{GruendahlWeissMaieretal.2022, author = {Gr{\"u}ndahl, Marthe and Weiß, Martin and Maier, Lisa and Hewig, Johannes and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Hein, Grit}, title = {Construction and validation of a scale to measure loneliness and isolation during social distancing and its effect on mental health}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.798596}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269446}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A variety of factors contribute to the degree to which a person feels lonely and socially isolated. These factors may be particularly relevant in contexts requiring social distancing, e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or in states of immunodeficiency. We present the Loneliness and Isolation during Social Distancing (LISD) Scale. Extending existing measures, the LISD scale measures both state and trait aspects of loneliness and isolation, including indicators of social connectedness and support. In addition, it reliably predicts individual differences in anxiety and depression. Data were collected online from two independent samples in a social distancing context (the COVID-19 pandemic). Factorial validation was based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Sample 1, N = 244) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; Sample 2, N = 304). Multiple regression analyses were used to assess how the LISD scale predicts state anxiety and depression. The LISD scale showed satisfactory fit in both samples. Its two state factors indicate being lonely and isolated as well as connected and supported, while its three trait factors reflect general loneliness and isolation, sociability and sense of belonging, and social closeness and support. Our results imply strong predictive power of the LISD scale for state anxiety and depression, explaining 33 and 51\% of variance, respectively. Anxiety and depression scores were particularly predicted by low dispositional sociability and sense of belonging and by currently being more lonely and isolated. In turn, being lonely and isolated was related to being less connected and supported (state) as well as having lower social closeness and support in general (trait). We provide a novel scale which distinguishes between acute and general dimensions of loneliness and social isolation while also predicting mental health. The LISD scale could be a valuable and economic addition to the assessment of mental health factors impacted by social distancing.}, language = {en} } @article{DufnerKesslerJustetal.2022, author = {Dufner, Vera and Kessler, Almuth Friederike and Just, Larissa and Hau, Peter and Bumes, Elisabeth and Pels, Hendrik Johannes and Grauer, Oliver Martin and Wiese, Bettina and L{\"o}hr, Mario and Jordan, Karin and Strik, Herwig}, title = {The emesis trial: depressive glioma patients are more affected by chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2022.773265}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262859}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose Glioma patients face a limited life expectancy and at the same time, they suffer from afflicting symptoms and undesired effects of tumor treatment. Apart from bone marrow suppression, standard chemotherapy with temozolomide causes nausea, emesis and loss of appetite. In this pilot study, we investigated how chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) affects the patients' levels of depression and their quality of life. Methods In this prospective observational multicentre study (n = 87), nausea, emesis and loss of appetite were evaluated with an expanded MASCC questionnaire, covering 10 days during the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy. Quality of life was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BN 20 questionnaire and levels of depression with the PHQ-9 inventory before and after the first and second cycle of chemotherapy. Results CINV affected a minor part of patients. If present, it reached its maximum at day 3 and decreased to baseline level not before day 8. Levels of depression increased significantly after the first cycle of chemotherapy, but decreased during the further course of treatment. Patients with higher levels of depression were more severely affected by CINV and showed a lower quality of life through all time-points. Conclusion We conclude that symptoms of depression should be perceived in advance and treated in order to avoid more severe side effects of tumor treatment. Additionally, in affected patients, delayed nausea was most prominent, pointing toward an activation of the NK1 receptor. We conclude that long acting antiemetics are necessary totreat temozolomide-induced nausea.}, language = {en} } @article{SchischlevskijCordtsGuentheretal.2021, author = {Schischlevskij, Pavel and Cordts, Isabell and G{\"u}nther, Ren{\´e} and Stolte, Benjamin and Zeller, Daniel and Schr{\"o}ter, Carsten and Weyen, Ute and Regensburger, Martin and Wolf, Joachim and Schneider, Ilka and Hermann, Andreas and Metelmann, Moritz and Kohl, Zacharias and Linker, Ralf A. and Koch, Jan Christoph and Stendel, Claudia and M{\"u}schen, Lars H. and Osmanovic, Alma and Binz, Camilla and Klopstock, Thomas and Dorst, Johannes and Ludolph, Albert C. and Boentert, Matthias and Hagenacker, Tim and Deschauer, Marcus and Lingor, Paul and Petri, Susanne and Schreiber-Katz, Olivia}, title = {Informal caregiving in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a high caregiver burden and drastic consequences on caregivers' lives}, series = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, number = {6}, issn = {2076-3425}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci11060748}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240981}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive autonomy loss and need for care. This does not only affect patients themselves, but also the patients' informal caregivers (CGs) in their health, personal and professional lives. The big efforts of this multi-center study were not only to evaluate the caregivers' burden and to identify its predictors, but it also should provide a specific understanding of the needs of ALS patients' CGs and fill the gap of knowledge on their personal and work lives. Using standardized questionnaires, primary data from patients and their main informal CGs (n = 249) were collected. Patients' functional status and disease severity were evaluated using the Barthel Index, the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and the King's Stages for ALS. The caregivers' burden was recorded by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Comorbid anxiety and depression of caregivers were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, the EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level Scale evaluated their health-related quality of life. The caregivers' burden was high (mean ZBI = 26/88, 0 = no burden, ≥24 = highly burdened) and correlated with patients' functional status (r\(_p\) = -0.555, p < 0.001, n = 242). It was influenced by the CGs' own mental health issues due to caregiving (+11.36, 95\% CI [6.84; 15.87], p < 0.001), patients' wheelchair dependency (+9.30, 95\% CI [5.94; 12.66], p < 0.001) and was interrelated with the CGs' depression (r\(_p\) = 0.627, p < 0.001, n = 234), anxiety (r\(_p\) = 0.550, p < 0.001, n = 234), and poorer physical condition (r\(_p\) = -0.362, p < 0.001, n = 237). Moreover, female CGs showed symptoms of anxiety more often, which also correlated with the patients' impairment in daily routine (r\(_s\) = -0.280, p < 0.001, n = 169). As increasing disease severity, along with decreasing autonomy, was the main predictor of caregiver burden and showed to create relevant (negative) implications on CGs' lives, patient care and supportive therapies should address this issue. Moreover, in order to preserve the mental and physical health of the CGs, new concepts of care have to focus on both, on not only patients but also their CGs and gender-associated specific issues. As caregiving in ALS also significantly influences the socioeconomic status by restrictions in CGs' work lives and income, and the main reported needs being lack of psychological support and a high bureaucracy, the situation of CGs needs more attention. Apart from their own multi-disciplinary medical and psychological care, more support in care and patient management issues is required.}, language = {en} } @article{ZechScherfClavelDanielsetal.2021, author = {Zech, Linda D. and Scherf-Clavel, Maike and Daniels, Christine and Schwab, Michael and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Unterecker, Stefan and Herr, Alexandra S.}, title = {Patients with higher vitamin D levels show stronger improvement of self-reported depressive symptoms in psychogeriatric day-care setting}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {128}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, number = {8}, issn = {1435-1463}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-021-02385-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268525}, pages = {1233-1238}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among geriatric patients that decreases the quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D as a neuro-steroid hormone might play a role in the onset and treatment of depression. In the present study, the association between depressive symptoms and vitamin D concentration in serum was evaluated. 140 patients of a psychogeriatric day-care unit were included. The geriatric depression scale (GDS) and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment, GDS scores additionally 6 weeks after discharge from the day-care unit. Vitamin D levels were measured at the beginning of the treatment, routinely. Patients with levels below 30 µg/L were treated with 1000 IU vitamin D per day. There was no association between the severity of depressive symptoms and the concentration of vitamin D at the beginning of the treatment. Patients with higher vitamin D levels showed a stronger decline of depressive symptoms measured by the GDS during their stay in the day-care unit. We provide evidence that vitamin D serum levels might influence antidepressant therapy response in a geriatric population. Prospective studies are necessary to determine which patients may profit from add-on vitamin D therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{deMunterPavlovGorlovaetal.2021, author = {de Munter, Johannes and Pavlov, Dmitrii and Gorlova, Anna and Sicker, Michael and Proshin, Andrey and Kalueff, Allan V. and Svistunov, Andrey and Kiselev, Daniel and Nedorubov, Andrey and Morozov, Sergey and Umriukhin, Aleksei and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Strekalova, Tatyana and Schroeter, Careen A.}, title = {Increased Oxidative Stress in the Prefrontal Cortex as a Shared Feature of Depressive- and PTSD-Like Syndromes: Effects of a Standardized Herbal Antioxidant}, series = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, issn = {2296-861X}, doi = {10.3389/fnut.2021.661455}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236326}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) share common brain mechanisms and treatment strategies. Nowadays, the dramatically developing COVID-19 situation unavoidably results in stress, psychological trauma, and high incidence of MD and PTSD. Hence, the importance of the development of new treatments for these disorders cannot be overstated. Herbal medicine appears to be an effective and safe treatment with fewer side effects than classic pharmaca and that is affordable in low-income countries. Currently, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation attract increasing attention as important mechanisms of MD and PTSD. We investigated the effects of a standardized herbal cocktail (SHC), an extract of clove, bell pepper, basil, pomegranate, nettle, and other plants, that was designed as an antioxidant treatment in mouse models of MD and PTSD. In the MD model of "emotional" ultrasound stress (US), mice were subjected to ultrasound frequencies of 16-20 kHz, mimicking rodent sounds of anxiety/despair and "neutral" frequencies of 25-45 kHz, for three weeks and concomitantly treated with SHC. US-exposed mice showed elevated concentrations of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, increased gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and other molecular changes in the prefrontal cortex as well as weight loss, helplessness, anxiety-like behavior, and neophobia that were ameliorated by the SHC treatment. In the PTSD model of the modified forced swim test (modFST), in which a 2-day swim is followed by an additional swim on day 5, mice were pretreated with SHC for 16 days. Increases in the floating behavior and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the prefrontal cortex of modFST-mice were prevented by the administration of SHC. Chromatography mass spectrometry revealed bioactive constituents of SHC, including D-ribofuranose, beta-D-lactose, malic, glyceric, and citric acids that can modulate oxidative stress, immunity, and gut and microbiome functions and, thus, are likely to be active antistress elements underlying the beneficial effects of SHC. Significant correlations of malondialdehyde concentration in the prefrontal cortex with altered measures of behavioral despair and anxiety-like behavior suggest that the accumulation of oxidative stress markers are a common biological feature of MD and PTSD that can be equally effectively targeted therapeutically with antioxidant therapy, such as the SHC investigated here.}, language = {en} } @article{PoppSchmittBoehrerLangeretal.2021, author = {Popp, Sandy and Schmitt-B{\"o}hrer, Angelika and Langer, Simon and Hofmann, Ulrich and Hommers, Leif and Schuh, Kai and Frantz, Stefan and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Frey, Anna}, title = {5-HTT Deficiency in Male Mice Affects Healing and Behavior after Myocardial Infarction}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, number = {14}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm10143104}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242739}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Anxiety disorders and depression are common comorbidities in cardiac patients. Mice lacking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior. However, the role of 5-HTT deficiency on cardiac aging, and on healing and remodeling processes after myocardial infarction (MI), remains unclear. Cardiological evaluation of experimentally na{\"i}ve male mice revealed a mild cardiac dysfunction in ≥4-month-old 5-HTT knockout (-/-) animals. Following induction of chronic cardiac dysfunction (CCD) by MI vs. sham operation 5-HTT-/- mice with infarct sizes >30\% experienced 100\% mortality, while 50\% of 5-HTT+/- and 37\% of 5-HTT+/+ animals with large MI survived the 8-week observation period. Surviving (sham and MI < 30\%) 5-HTT-/- mutants displayed reduced exploratory activity and increased anxiety-like behavior in different approach-avoidance tasks. However, CCD failed to provoke a depressive-like behavioral response in either 5-Htt genotype. Mechanistic analyses were performed on mice 3 days post-MI. Electrocardiography, histology and FACS of inflammatory cells revealed no abnormalities. However, gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6) and MMP-2, a protein involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix, was significantly increased in 5-HTT-/- mice after MI. This study shows that 5-HTT deficiency leads to age-dependent cardiac dysfunction and disrupted early healing after MI probably due to alterations of inflammatory processes in mice.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zech2021, author = {Zech, Linda}, title = {Vitamin-D-Status und depressive Symptome bei gerontopsychiatrischen Patienten}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-25074}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250745}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Zusammenhang des depressiven Syndroms mit dem Vitamin D-Spiegel an einer Stichprobe gerontopsychiatrischer Patienten (n = 140) der Neurogerontopsychiatrischen Tagesklinik W{\"u}rzburg untersucht. Die Depressivit{\"a}t der Patienten zu Beginn und im Verlauf der Behandlung wurde zum einen mittels der ICD-10-Klassifikation, zum anderen mittels des Scores auf der GDS- und Hamilton-Skala zu Beginn und Ende des Aufenthalts in der Tagesklinik sowie bei einer poststation{\"a}ren Kontrolle bestimmt. Der Vitamin D-Spiegel wurde bei Behandlungsbeginn bestimmt und im Falle eines Mangels 1000 IU Vitamin D am Tag oral substituiert. Hierbei zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Auspr{\"a}gung des depressiven Syndroms und dem Vitamin D-Spiegel zu Beginn der Behandlung. Dagegen stellte sich heraus, dass Patienten mit einem h{\"o}heren Spiegel eine deutlichere Verbesserung der depressiven Symptome auf der GDS im Verlauf der Behandlung erfuhren. Außerdem bestand eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen BMI und Vitamin D-Spiegel sowie eine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Spiegelh{\"o}he von der Jahreszeit. Vitamin D k{\"o}nnte nach den Ergebnissen dieser Studie m{\"o}glicherweise eine wirkungssteigernde und nebenwirkungsarme Komedikation in der antidepressiven Therapie von {\"a}lteren psychisch erkrankten Menschen darstellen. Es bedarf weiterer ausf{\"u}hrlicher Forschung {\"u}ber den neurophysiologischen Zusammenhang zwischen Vitamin D und der Schwere einer depressiven Erkrankung. Besonders hinsichtlich der Verwendung von Vitamin D als Komedikation gilt es, weitere intensive Forschung in Form von gut designten, randomisierten Fall-Kontroll-Studien und prospektiven Interventionsstudien zu betreiben, um die Therapie von depressiven Patienten im h{\"o}heren Lebensalter weiter zu verbessern.}, subject = {Altersdepression}, language = {de} } @article{WittkowskiScheuchenpflug2021, author = {Wittkowski, Joachim and Scheuchenpflug, Rainer}, title = {Evidence on the Conceptual Distinctness of Normal Grief From Depression}, series = {European Journal of Health Psychology}, volume = {28}, journal = {European Journal of Health Psychology}, number = {3}, issn = {2512-8442}, doi = {10.1027/2512-8442/a000077}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236531}, pages = {101-110}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: The distinctness of grief from depression has been the subject of a long scholarly debate, even influencing definitions of diagnostic criteria. Aims: This study aims at clarifying the issue by a multifaceted analysis of data from a large German sample. Method: A community sample of 406 bereaved persons answered the Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI), a multidimensional grief questionnaire designed to measure normal grief in the German language, and the General Depression Scale - Short Version (GDS-S), a self-report depression scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis to identify structural (dis-)similarities of the constructs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the influence of the factors relationship to the deceased, type of death, and time since loss on grief measures and depression scores. Results: Factor analysis clustered items referring to grief-related impairments and depression into one factor, items referring to other dimensions of grief on separate factors, however. Relationship to the deceased influenced the grief measures impairments and nearness to the deceased, but not depression scores if controlled for impairments. Type of death showed specific effects on grief scores, but not on depression scores. Time since loss influenced grief scores, but not depression scores. Limitations: The analysis is based on a self-selected community sample of grieving persons, self-report measures, and in part, on cross-sectional data. Conclusion: Factor analysis and objective data show a clear distinction of dimensions of grief and depression. The human experience of grief contains a sense of nearness to the lost person, feelings of guilt, and positive aspects of the loss experience in addition to components resembling depression.}, language = {en} } @article{EsserMehnert‐TheuerkaufFriedrichetal.2020, author = {Esser, Peter and Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja and Friedrich, Michael and Johansen, Christoffer and Br{\"a}hler, Elmar and Faller, Hermann and H{\"a}rter, Martin and Koch, Uwe and Schulz, Holger and Wegscheider, Karl and Weis, Joachim and Kuba, Katharina and Hinz, Andreas and Hartung, Tim}, title = {Risk and associated factors of depression and anxiety in men with prostate cancer: Results from a German multicenter study}, series = {Psycho-Oncology}, volume = {29}, journal = {Psycho-Oncology}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1002/pon.5471}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218277}, pages = {1604 -- 1612}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective In order to optimize psycho-oncological care, studies that quantify the extent of distress and identify certain risk groups are needed. Among patients with prostate cancer (PCa), findings on depression and anxiety are limited. Methods We analyzed data of PCa patients selected from a German multi-center study. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 (cut-off ≥7). We provided physical symptom burden, calculated absolute and relative risk (AR and RR) of depression and anxiety across patient subsets and between patients and the general population (GP) and tested age as a moderator within the relationship of disease-specific symptoms with depression and anxiety. Results Among 636 participants, the majority reported disease-specific problems (sexuality: 60\%; urination: 52\%). AR for depression and anxiety was 23\% and 22\%, respectively. Significant RR were small, with higher risks of distress in patients who are younger (eg, RR\(_{depression}\) = 1.15; 95\%-CI: 1.06-1.26), treated with chemotherapy (RR\(_{depression}\)n = 1.46; 95\%-CI: 1.09-1.96) or having metastases (RR\(_{depression}\) = 1.30; 95\%-CI: 1.02-1.65). Risk of distress was slightly elevated compared to GP (eg, RR\(_{depression}\) = 1.13; 95\%-CI: 1.07-1.19). Age moderated the relationship between symptoms and anxiety (B\(_{urination}\) = -0.10, P = .02; B\(_{sexuality}\) = -0.11, P = .01). Conclusions Younger patients, those with metastases or treatment with chemotherapy seem to be at elevated risk for distress and should be closely monitored. Many patients suffer from disease-specific symptom burden, by which younger patients seem to be particularly distressed. Support of coping mechanisms associated with disease-specific symptom burden seems warranted.}, language = {en} } @article{AngermannAssmusAnkeretal.2020, author = {Angermann, Christiane E. and Assmus, Birgit and Anker, Stefan D. and Asselbergs, Folkert W. and Brachmann, Johannes and Brett, Marie-Elena and Brugts, Jasper J. and Ertl, Georg and Ginn, Greg and Hilker, Lutz and Koehler, Friedrich and Rosenkranz, Stephan and Zhou, Qian and Adamson, Philip B. and B{\"o}hm, Michael}, title = {Pulmonary artery pressure-guided therapy in ambulatory patients with symptomatic heart failure: the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS-HF)}, series = {European Journal of Heart Failure}, volume = {22}, journal = {European Journal of Heart Failure}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1002/ejhf.1943}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218061}, pages = {1891 -- 1901}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Aims Heart failure (HF) leads to repeat hospitalisations and reduces the duration and quality of life. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)-guided HF management using the CardioMEMS™ HF system was shown to be safe and reduce HF hospitalisation (HFH) rates in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III patients. However, these findings have not been replicated in health systems outside the United States. Therefore, the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS-HF) evaluated the safety, feasibility, and performance of this device in Germany, The Netherlands, and Ireland. Methods and results A total of 234 NYHA class III patients (68 ± 11 years, 22\% female, ≥1 HFH in the preceding year) from 31 centres were implanted with a CardioMEMS sensor and underwent PAP-guided HF management. One-year rates of freedom from device- or system-related complications and from sensor failure (co-primary outcomes) were 98.3\% [95\% confidence interval (CI) 95.8-100.0] and 99.6\% (95\% CI 97.6-100.0), respectively. Survival rate was 86.2\%. For the 12 months post- vs. pre-implant, HFHs decreased by 62\% (0.60 vs. 1.55 events/patient-year; hazard ratio 0.38, 95\% CI 0.31-0.48; P < 0.0001). After 12 months, mean PAP decreased by 5.1 ± 7.4 mmHg, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) overall/clinical summary scores increased from 47.0 ± 24.0/51.2 ± 24.8 to 60.5 ± 24.3/62.4 ± 24.1 (P < 0.0001), and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire sum score improved from 8.7 ± 5.9 to 6.3 ± 5.1 (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Haemodynamic-guided HF management proved feasible and safe in the health systems of Germany, The Netherlands, and Ireland. Physician-directed treatment modifications based on remotely obtained PAP values were associated with fewer HFH, sustainable PAP decreases, marked KCCQ improvements, and remission of depressive symptoms.}, language = {en} } @article{BiereKranzMaturaetal.2020, author = {Biere, Silvia and Kranz, Thorsten M. and Matura, Silke and Petrova, Kristiyana and Streit, Fabian and Chiocchetti, Andreas G. and Grimm, Oliver and Brum, Murielle and Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Natalie and Oertel, Viola and Malyshau, Aliaksandr and Pfennig, Andrea and Bauer, Michael and Schulze, Thomas G. and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Reif, Andreas}, title = {Risk Stratification for Bipolar Disorder Using Polygenic Risk Scores Among Young High-Risk Adults}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.552532}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214976}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective: Identifying high-risk groups with an increased genetic liability for bipolar disorder (BD) will provide insights into the etiology of BD and contribute to early detection of BD. We used the BD polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from BD genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore how such genetic risk manifests in young, high-risk adults. We postulated that BD-PRS would be associated with risk factors for BD. Methods: A final sample of 185 young, high-risk German adults (aged 18-35 years) were grouped into three risk groups and compared to a healthy control group (n = 1,100). The risk groups comprised 117 cases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 45 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 23 help-seeking adults with early recognition symptoms [ER: positive family history for BD, (sub)threshold affective symptomatology and/or mood swings, sleeping disorder]. BD-PRS was computed for each participant. Logistic regression models (controlling for sex, age, and the first five ancestry principal components) were used to assess associations of BD-PRS and the high-risk phenotypes. Results: We observed an association between BD-PRS and combined risk group status (OR = 1.48, p < 0.001), ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.32, p = 0.009), MDD diagnosis (OR = 1.96, p < 0.001), and ER group status (OR = 1.7, p = 0.025; not significant after correction for multiple testing) compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: In the present study, increased genetic risk for BD was a significant predictor for MDD and ADHD status, but not for ER. These findings support an underlying shared risk for both MDD and BD as well as ADHD and BD. Improving our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of these phenotypes may aid in early identification and risk stratification.}, language = {en} } @article{OorschotIshiiKusomotoetal.2020, author = {Oorschot, Birgitt van and Ishii, Koji and Kusomoto, Yuko and Zetzl, Theresa and Roch, Carmen and Mettenleiter, Andreas and Ozawa, Hiroko and Flentje, Michael}, title = {Anxiety, depression and psychosocial needs are the most frequent concerns reported by patients: preliminary results of a comparative explorative analysis of two hospital-based palliative care teams in Germany and Japan}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {127}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-020-02186-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235675}, pages = {1481-1489}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In the partnership between the medical departments of W{\"u}rzburg University, Germany, and Nagasaki University, Japan, palliative care is a relevant topic. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the hospital-based palliative care teams in W{\"u}rzburg (PCT-W) and Nagasaki (PCT-N). Survey of staff composition and retrospective analysis of PCT patient charts in both PCTs were conducted. Patients self-assessed their symptoms in PCT-W and in Radiation Oncology W{\"u}rzburg (RO-W). The (negative) quality indicator 'percentage of deceased hospitalised patients with PCT contact for less than 3 days before death' (Earle in Int J Qual Health Care 17(6):505-509, 2005) was analysed. Both PCTs follow a multidisciplinary team approach. PCT-N saw 410 cancer patients versus 853 patients for PCT-W (22.8\% non-cancer patients). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status at first contact with PCT-N was 3 or 4 in 39.3\% of patients versus 79.0\% for PCT-W. PCT-N was engaged in co-management longer than PCT-W (mean 20.7 days, range 1-102 versus mean 4.9 days, range 1-48). The most frequent patient-reported psychological symptom was anxiety (family anxiety: 98.3\% PCT-W and 88.7\% RO-W, anxiety 97.9\% PCT-W and 85.9\% RO-W), followed by depression (98.2\% PCT-W and 80.3\% RO-W). In 14 of the 148 deceased patients, PCT-N contact was initiated less than 3 days before death (9.4\%) versus 121 of the 729 deceased PCT-W patients (16.6\%). Psychological needs are highly relevant in both Germany and Japan, with more than 85\% anxiety and depression in patients in the Japanese IPOS validation study (Sakurai in Jpn J Clin Oncol 49(3):257-262, 2019). This should be taken into account when implementing PCTs.}, language = {en} } @article{ZetzlRennerPittigetal.2021, author = {Zetzl, Teresa and Renner, Agnes and Pittig, Andre and Jentschke, Elisabeth and Roch, Carmen and van Oorschot, Birgitt}, title = {Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer}, series = {Supportive Care in Cancer}, volume = {29}, journal = {Supportive Care in Cancer}, issn = {0941-4355}, doi = {10.1007/s00520-020-05794-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415}, pages = {2973-2982}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. Methods A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). Results A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. Conclusion The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034}, language = {en} } @article{KingslakeDiasDawsonetal.2017, author = {Kingslake, Jonathan and Dias, Rebecca and Dawson, Gerard R. and Simon, Judit and Goodwin, Guy M. and Harmer, Catherine J. and Morriss, Richard and Brown, Susan and Guo, Boliang and Dourish, Colin T. and Ruh{\´e}, Henricus G. and Lever, Anne G. and Veltman, Dick J. and van Schaik, Anneke and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Reif, Andreas and St{\"a}blein, Michael and Menke, Andreas and Gorwood, Philip and Voegeli, G{\´e}raldine and Perez, Victor and Browning, Michael}, title = {The effects of using the PReDicT Test to guide the antidepressant treatment of depressed patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial}, series = {Trials}, volume = {18}, journal = {Trials}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-017-2247-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173012}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background Antidepressant medication is commonly used to treat depression. However, many patients do not respond to the first medication prescribed and improvements in symptoms are generally only detectable by clinicians 4-6 weeks after the medication has been initiated. As a result, there is often a long delay between the decision to initiate an antidepressant medication and the identification of an effective treatment regimen. Previous work has demonstrated that antidepressant medications alter subtle measures of affective cognition in depressed patients, such as the appraisal of facial expression. Furthermore, these cognitive effects of antidepressants are apparent early in the course of treatment and can also predict later clinical response. This trial will assess whether an electronic test of affective cognition and symptoms (the Predicting Response to Depression Treatment Test; PReDicT Test) can be used to guide antidepressant treatment in depressed patients and, therefore, hasten treatment response compared to a control group of patients treated as usual. Methods/design The study is a randomised, two-arm, multi-centre, open-label, clinical investigation of a medical device, the PReDicT Test. It will be conducted in five European countries (UK, France, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands) in depressed patients who are commencing antidepressant medication. Patients will be randomised to treatment guided by the PReDicT Test (PReDicT arm) or to Treatment as Usual (TaU arm). Patients in the TaU arm will be treated as per current standard guidelines in their particular country. Patients in the PReDicT arm will complete the PReDicT Test after 1 (and if necessary, 2) weeks of treatment. If the test indicates non-response to the treatment, physicians will be advised to immediately alter the patient's antidepressant therapy by dose escalation or switching to another compound. The primary outcome of the study is the proportion of patients showing a clinical response (defined as 50\% or greater decrease in baseline scores of depressionmeasured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms - Self-Rated questionnaire) at week 8. Health economic and acceptability data will also be collected and analysed. Discussion This trial will test the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of using the novel PReDicT Test to guide antidepressant treatment selection in depressed patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02790970. Registered on 30 March 2016.}, language = {en} } @article{ArnoldMuellerOerlinghausenHemrichetal.2020, author = {Arnold, Michaela Maria and M{\"u}ller-Oerlinghausen, Bruno and Hemrich, Norbert and B{\"o}nsch, Dominikus}, title = {Effects of Psychoactive Massage in Outpatients with Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Mixed-Methods Study}, series = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {10}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, number = {10}, issn = {2076-3425}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci10100676}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213385}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The clinical picture of depressive disorders is characterized by a plethora of somatic symptoms, psychomotor retardation, and, particularly, anhedonia. The number of patients with residual symptoms or treatment resistance is high. Touch is the basic communication among humans and animals. Its application professionally in the form of, e.g., psychoactive massage therapy, has been shown in the past to reduce the somatic and mental symptoms of depression and anxiety. Here, we investigated the effects of a specially developed affect-regulating massage therapy (ARMT) vs. individual treatment with a standardized relaxation procedure, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), in 57 outpatients with depression. Patients were given one ARMT or PMR session weekly over 4 weeks. Changes in somatic and cognitive symptoms were assessed by standard psychiatric instruments (Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Bech-Rafaelsen-Melancholia-Scale (BRMS)) as well as a visual analogue scale. Furthermore, oral statements from all participants were obtained in semi-structured interviews. The findings show clear and statistically significant superiority of ARMT over PMR. The results might be interpreted within various models. The concept of interoception, as well as the principles of body psychotherapy and phenomenological aspects, offers cues for understanding the mechanisms involved. Within a neurobiological context, the significance of C-tactile afferents activated by special touch techniques and humoral changes such as increased oxytocin levels open additional ways of interpreting our findings.}, language = {en} } @article{LuleKueblerLudolph2019, author = {Lul{\´e}, Doroth{\´e}e and K{\"u}bler, Andrea and Ludolph, Albert C.}, title = {Ethical principles in patient-centered medical care to support quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2019.00259}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196239}, year = {2019}, abstract = {It is one of the primary goals of medical care to secure good quality of life (QoL) while prolonging survival. This is a major challenge in severe medical conditions with a prognosis such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further, the definition of QoL and the question whether survival in this severe condition is compatible with a good QoL is a matter of subjective and culture-specific debate. Some people without neurodegenerative conditions believe that physical decline is incompatible with satisfactory QoL. Current data provide extensive evidence that psychosocial adaptation in ALS is possible, indicated by a satisfactory QoL. Thus, there is no fatalistic link of loss of QoL when physical health declines. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that have been shown to successfully facilitate and secure QoL in ALS which will be reviewed in the following article following the four ethical principles (1) Beneficence, (2) Non-maleficence, (3) Autonomy and (4) Justice, which are regarded as key elements of patient centered medical care according to Beauchamp and Childress. This is a JPND-funded work to summarize findings of the project NEEDSinALS (www.NEEDSinALS.com) which highlights subjective perspectives and preferences in medical decision making in ALS.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schwarz2020, author = {Schwarz, Elisa}, title = {Psychische Belastung bei Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom vor autologer Stammzelltransplantation. Subanalyse von Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zwischen depressiven Symptomen und klinischen Variablen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20546}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205462}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Bereits bestehende wissenschaftliche Literatur weist in pr{\"a}klinischen Ergebnissen darauf hin, dass das sympathische Nervensystem eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Mobilisierung von h{\"a}matopoetischen Stammzellen spielt. Mehrere Vorarbeiten lieferten Hinweise, dass psychischer Distress bei Stammzelltransplantation mit einem langsameren Anstieg der absoluten Leukozytenzahl w{\"a}hrend Aplasie einhergehen k{\"o}nnte. Die Dauer der Aplasie ist von klinischer Relevanz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Distress in Form von depressiven Symptomen und h{\"a}matologischer Rekonstitution nach erster autologer Stammzelltransplantation bei Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom (n = 47) untersucht. Mit Hilfe des Fragebogens PHQ-9 wurden die Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom am Tag ihrer ersten autologen Stammzelltransplantation auf depressive Symptome gescreent. Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom wiesen ein hohes Maß an Distress auf. In der Stichprobe aus 47 konsekutiven Patienten lag bei 12 Patienten (26\%) Distress in Form von Symptomen einer Depression vor. Es ließ sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen psychischer Belastung und verl{\"a}ngerter h{\"a}matologischen Rekonstitution (r = 0.025; n = 37; p = 0.882) feststellen. Erstmalig wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen psychischer Belastung und klinischen Parametern w{\"a}hrend h{\"a}matologischer Rekonstitution untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich klinisch relevante Resultate. Es zeigte sich eine Tendenz mit einem gr{\"o}ßeren Bedarf an Erythrozytenkonzentraten bei Verdacht auf Depression (V = 0.387; p = 0.071). Nebenbefundlich ergab sich in der multivariaten Analyse der signifikante Zusammenhang, dass ein hohes molekulargenetisches Risiko mit einer gr{\"o}ßeren Anzahl an verabreichten Erythrozytenkonzentraten einhergeht (p = 0.046). Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ergab sich ein relevanter Zusammenhang zwischen Verdacht auf Depression nach PHQ-9 und Aufenthaltsdauer. Depressive Patienten waren demnach tendenziell k{\"u}rzer im Krankenhaus (r = -0.25; n = 47; p = 0.09).}, subject = {Psychoneuroimmunologie}, language = {de} } @article{Menke2019, author = {Menke, Andreas}, title = {Is the HPA axis as target for depression outdated, or is there a new hope?}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, number = {101}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00101}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195780}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common stress-related mental disorder that carries a huge burden for affected patients and the society. It is associated with a high mortality that derives from suicidality and the development of serious medical conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, and stroke. Although a range of effective antidepressants are available, more than 50\% of the patients do not respond to the first treatment they are prescribed and around 30\% fail to respond even after several treatment attempts. The heterogeneous condition of MDD, the lack of biomarkers matching patients with the right treatments and the situation that almost all available drugs are only targeting the serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine signaling, without regulating other potentially dysregulated systems may explain the insufficient treatment status. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of these other systems, there is numerous and robust evidence that it is implicated in MDD and other stress-related conditions, but up to date there is no specific drug targeting HPA axis components that is approved and no test that is routinely used in the clinical setting identifying patients for such a specific treatment. Is there still hope after these many years for a breakthrough of agents targeting the HPA axis? This review will cover tests detecting altered HPA axis function and the specific treatment options such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 (CRH1) receptor antagonists, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) receptor antagonists.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brueser2020, author = {Br{\"u}ser, Judith}, title = {Pr{\"u}fung der Effektivit{\"a}t eines interdisziplin{\"a}ren psychokardiologischen Behandlungsprogrammes auf die Reduktion von Depressivit{\"a}t, Angst und Panik und die Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualit{\"a}t bei psychisch belasteten kardiologischen Rehabilitanden}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-19823}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198233}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wurde gepr{\"u}ft, ob ein leitlinienkonformes psychokardiologisches Behandlungskonzept einer herk{\"o}mmlichen kardiologischen Behandlung bei psychisch belasteten kardiologischen Rehabilitanden in der Reduktion von Angst, Depression und Panik (prim{\"a}re Zielkriterien) und einer Verbesserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualit{\"a}t (sekund{\"a}re Zielparameter) {\"u}berlegen ist. In der Nebenfragstellung wurden Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit der Intervention in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Geschlecht explorativ gepr{\"u}ft. Die Fragestellungen wurden mit einem quasiexperimentellen Studiendesign mit sequentiell aufeinanderfolgenden Kohorten untersucht. Die Zielparameter wurden zu Rehabeginn, -ende und 6 Monate nach Entlassung mit validierten Frageb{\"o}gen (PHQ-9, PHQ-Panik, GAD-7 und MacNew Heart Disease-Fragebogen) erfasst. Die Hauptanalyse ergab einen kleinen signifikanten Intergruppeneffekt f{\"u}r den Zielparameter Depressivit{\"a}t zugunsten der Kontrollgruppe zu Rehaende und in der Katamnese keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Behandlungserfolg beider Studienbedingungen mehr. Die Moderatoranalyse ergab kleine Interaktionseffekte zwischen Intervention und Geschlecht f{\"u}r Angst und die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualit{\"a}t zu beiden Folgemess-zeitpunkten. Deskriptiv zeigte sich der Trend, dass Frauen von der Interventionsbedingung schlechter, M{\"a}nner hingegen besser profitierten. F{\"u}r die mangelnde {\"U}berlegenheit des Interventionsprogrammes kommen vielf{\"a}ltige Aspekte in Frage, die methodisch das sequentiell aufeinanderfolgenden Behandlungsdesign betreffen sowie interventionsbezogen die Aussch{\"o}pfung der Therapieressourcen, den Zeitpunkt des Behandlungsbeginns, die Behandlungsdauer, die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung spezifischer Patientenbed{\"u}rfnisse und auch die M{\"o}glichkeit einer ung{\"u}nstigen Wirkung von Psychotherapie. Ferner war die statistische Power und damit die Aussagekraft der Studie einschr{\"a}nkt. Als Fazit unterliegen noch vielf{\"a}ltige Einflussgr{\"o}ßen gezieltem Forschungsbedarf.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {de} } @article{MatuzBirbaumerHautzingeretal., author = {Matuz, Tamara and Birbaumer, Niels and Hautzinger, Martin and K{\"u}bler, Andrea}, title = {Psychosocial adjustment to ALS: a longitudinal study}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, number = {1197}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01197}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190208}, abstract = {For the current study the Lazarian stress-coping theory and the appendant model of psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disabilities (Pakenham, 1999) has shaped the foundation for identifying determinants of adjustment to ALS. We aimed to investigate the evolution of psychosocial adjustment to ALS and to determine its long-term predictors. A longitudinal study design with four measurement time points was therefore, used to assess patients' quality of life, depression, and stress-coping model related aspects, such as illness characteristics, social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies during a period of 2 years. Regression analyses revealed that 55\% of the variance of severity of depressive symptoms and 47\% of the variance in quality of life at T2 was accounted for by all the T1 predictor variables taken together. On the level of individual contributions, protective buffering, and appraisal of own coping potential accounted for a significant percentage in the variance in severity of depressive symptoms, whereas problem management coping strategies explained variance in quality of life scores. Illness characteristics at T2 did not explain any variance of both adjustment outcomes. Overall, the pattern of the longitudinal results indicated stable depressive symptoms and quality of life indices reflecting a successful adjustment to the disease across four measurement time points during a period of about two years. Empirical evidence is provided for the predictive value of social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies, but not illness parameters such as severity and duration for adaptation to ALS. The current study contributes to a better conceptualization of adjustment, allowing us to provide evidence-based support beyond medical and physical intervention for people with ALS.}, language = {en} } @article{HofmannKarlSommeretal.2017, author = {Hofmann, Lukas and Karl, Franziska and Sommer, Claudia and {\"U}{\c{c}}eyler, Nurcan}, title = {Affective and cognitive behavior in the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mouse model of Fabry disease}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {12}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0180601}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170745}, pages = {e0180601}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) deficiency. Fabry patients frequently report of anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function. We characterized affective and cognitive phenotype of male mice with α-Gal A deficiency (Fabry KO) and compared results with those of age-matched male wildtype (WT) littermates. Young (3 months) and old (≥ 18 months) mice were tested in the na{\"i}ve state and after i.pl. injection of complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) as an inflammatory pain model. We used the elevated plus maze (EPM), the light-dark box (LDB) and the open field test (OF) to investigate anxiety-like behavior. The forced swim test (FST) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied to assess depressive-like and learning behavior. The EPM test revealed no intergroup difference for anxiety-like behavior in na{\"i}ve young and old Fabry KO mice compared to WT littermates, except for longer time spent in open arms of the EPM for young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). After CFA injection, young Fabry KO mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior compared to young WT littermates (p<0.05) and na{\"i}ve young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05) in the EPM as reflected by shorter time spent in EPM open arms. There were no relevant differences in the LDB and the OF test, except for longer time spent in the center zone of the OF by young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). Complementary to this, depression-like and learning behavior were not different between genotypes and age-groups, except for the expectedly lower memory performance in older age-groups compared to young mice. Our results indicate that genetic influences on affective and cognitive symptoms in FD may be of subordinate relevance, drawing attention to potential influences of environmental and epigenetic factors.}, language = {en} } @article{DeebGiordanoRossietal.2016, author = {Deeb, Wissam and Giordano, James J. and Rossi, Peter J. and Mogilner, Alon Y. and Gunduz, Aysegul and Judy, Jack W. and Klassen, Bryan T. and Butson, Christopher R. and Van Horne, Craig and Deny, Damiaan and Dougherty, Darin D. and Rowell, David and Gerhardt, Greg A. and Smith, Gwenn S. and Ponce, Francisco A. and Walker, Harrison C. and Bronte-Stewart, Helen M. and Mayberg, Helen S. and Chizeck, Howard J. and Langevin, Jean-Philippe and Volkmann, Jens and Ostrem, Jill L. and Shute, Jonathan B. and Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi and Foote, Kelly D. and Wagle Shukla, Aparna and Rossi, Marvin A. and Oh, Michael and Pourfar, Michael and Rosenberg, Paul B. and Silburn, Peter A. and de Hemptine, Coralie and Starr, Philip A. and Denison, Timothy and Akbar, Umer and Grill, Warren M. and Okun, Michael S.}, title = {Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies}, series = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience}, number = {38}, doi = {10.3389/fnint.2016.00038}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168493}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This paper provides an overview of current progress in the technological advances and the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as presented by participants of the Fourth Annual DBS Think Tank, which was convened in March 2016 in conjunction with the Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration at the University of Florida, Gainesveille FL, USA. The Think Tank discussions first focused on policy and advocacy in DBS research and clinical practice, formation of registries, and issues involving the use of DBS in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. Next, advances in the use of neuroimaging and electrochemical markers to enhance DBS specificity were addressed. Updates on ongoing use and developments of DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, Alzheimer's disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obesity, addiction were presented, and progress toward innovation(s) in closed-loop applications were discussed. Each section of these proceedings provides updates and highlights of new information as presented at this year's international Think Tank, with a view toward current and near future advancement of the field.}, language = {en} } @article{RiedererLaux2011, author = {Riederer, Peter and Laux, Gerd}, title = {MAO-inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease}, series = {Experimental Neurobiology}, volume = {20}, journal = {Experimental Neurobiology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.5607/en.2011.20.1.1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140930}, pages = {1-17}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) belong to the earliest drugs tried in Parkinson's disease (PD). They have been used with or without levodopa (L-DOPA). Non-selective MAO-I due to their side-effect/adverse reaction profile, like tranylcypromine have limited use in the treatment of depression in PD, while selective, reversible MAO-A inhibitors are recommended due to their easier clinical handling. For the treatment of akinesia and motor fluctuations selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline are recommended. They are safe and well tolerated at the recommended daily doses. Their main differences are related to (1) metabolism, (2) interaction with CYP-enzymes and (3) quantitative properties at the molecular biological/genetic level. Rasagiline is more potent in clinical practise and has a hypothesis driven more favourable side effect/adverse reaction profile due to its metabolism to aminoindan. Both selegiline and rasagiline have a neuroprotective and neurorestaurative potential. A head-to head clinical trial would be of utmost interest from both the clinical outcome and a hypothesis-driven point of view. Selegiline is available as tablet and melting tablet for PD and as transdermal selegiline for depression, while rasagiline is marketed as tablet for PD. In general, the clinical use of MAO-I nowadays is underestimated. There should be more efforts to evaluate their clinical potency as antidepressants and antidementive drugs in addition to the final proof of their disease-modifying potential. In line with this are recent innovative developments of MAO-I plus inhibition of acetylcholine esterase for Alzheimer's disease as well as combined MAO-I and iron chelation for PD.}, language = {en} } @article{WernerKobayashiJavadietal.2018, author = {Werner, Rudolf A. and Kobayashi, Ryohei and Javadi, Mehrbod Som and K{\"o}ck, Zoe and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Unterecker, Stefan and Nakajima, Kenichi and Lapa, Constantin and Menke, Andreas and Higuchi, Takahiro}, title = {Impact of Novel Antidepressants on Cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) Uptake: Experimental Studies in SK-N-SH Cells and Healthy Rabbits}, series = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, issn = {0161-5505}, doi = {10.2967/jnumed.117.206045}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161280}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: \(^{123}\)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) provides independent prognostic value for risk stratification among heart failure patients, but the use of concomitant medication should not impact its quantitative information. We aimed to evaluate the four most-prescribed antidepressants currently used as a first‑line treatment for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their potential on altering mIBG imaging results. Methods: The inhibition effect of four different types of antidepressants (desipramine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and bupropion) for MDD treatment on \(^{131}\)I-mIBG uptake was assessed by in-vitro cell uptake assays using human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tracer uptake was determined from dose-response curves. To evaluate the effects of IV pretreatment with desipramine (1.5 mg/kg) and escitalopram (2.5, 15 mg/kg) on mIBG cardiac uptake, in-vivo planar 123I-mIBG scans in healthy New Zealand White Rabbits were conducted. Results: The IC50 values of desipramine, escitalopram, venlafaxine and bupropion on \(^{131}\)I-mIBG cellular uptake were 11.9 nM, 7.5 μM, 4.92 μM, and 12.9 μM, respectively. At the maximum serum concentration (Cmax, as derived by previous clinical trials), the inhibition rates of 131I-mIBG uptake were 90.6 \% for desipramine, 25.5 \% for venlafaxine, 11.7 \% for bupropion and 0.72 \% for escitalopram. A low inhibition rate for escitalopram in the cell uptake study triggered investigation of an in-vivo rabbit model: with dosage considerably higher than clinical practice, the non-inhibitory effect of escitalopram was confirmed. Furthermore, pretreatment with desipramine led to a marked reduction of cardiac 123I-mIBG uptake. Conclusions: In the present in-vitro binding assay and in-vivo rabbit study, the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram had no major impact on neuronal cardiac mIBG uptake within therapeutic dose ranges, while other types of first-line antidepressants for MDD treatment led to a significant decrease. These preliminary results warrant further confirmatory clinical trials regarding the reliability of cardiac mIBG imaging, in particular, if the patient's neuropsychiatric status would not tolerate withdrawal of a potentially norepinephrine interfering antidepressant.}, subject = {Antidepressants}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ketterl2018, author = {Ketterl, Ralf Christian}, title = {Der Zusammenhang von Angst und Depressivit{\"a}t mit den Bed{\"u}rfnissen nach Information und psychosozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung bei Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161433}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Bei Patienten mit einer kolorektalen Krebserkrankung zeigt sich ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Angst und Depressivit{\"a}t und dem psychosozialen Unterst{\"u}tzungsbedarf. Zwischen Angst und Depressivit{\"a}t und unbefriedigten Informationsbed{\"u}rfnissen scheint ebenfalls ein schwacher Zusammenhang zu bestehen. F{\"u}r eine m{\"o}gliche Pr{\"a}ferenz von anonymen Informationsquellen bei Patienten mit Angst oder Depressivit{\"a}t findet sich im Untersuchten Patientenkollektiv kein Anhaltspunkt.}, subject = {Psychoonkologie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Goetzelmann2018, author = {G{\"o}tzelmann, Moritz}, title = {Einfluss der aurikul{\"a}ren Vagusnervstimulation auf affektive Parameter bei depressiven Patienten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159081}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Hintergrund und Ziele: Das Krankheitsbild der Depression geh{\"o}rt zu den h{\"a}ufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen. Als Therapieoptionen stehen in erster Linie Antidepressiva der verschiedensten Klassen und unterschiedliche Formen der Psychotherapie zur Verf{\"u}gung (M{\"o}ller, Laux et al. 2015). Trotz allem gibt es jedoch immer wieder Patienten, die trotz intensiver Therapiebem{\"u}hungen keine Besserung zeigen. Neben der Elektrokonvulsions-therapie (EKT) als Gold-Standard bietet hier die Vagusnervstimulation (VNS) in vielen L{\"a}ndern bereits ein zugelassenes Verfahren zur Behandlung sogenannter therapie-refrakt{\"a}rer Depressionen. Das Problem besteht allerdings im Verlauf des N. vagus, da dieser im Halsbereich nur schwer in einem operativen Verfahren zug{\"a}nglich ist und er hier mit anderen lebenswichtigen Strukturen gemeinsam verl{\"a}uft (Benninghoff, Drenckhahn et al. 2008). Dies macht eine Therapie nicht ganz ungef{\"a}hrlich. Allerdings gibt der N. vagus einen Hautast ab, der Teile des {\"a}ußeren Geh{\"o}rganges (insbesondere den Tragus), sensibel versorgt. Im Jahr 2000 schlug Ventureyra erstmals die M{\"o}glichkeit vor, diesen Ramus auricularis n. vagi als alternativen Zugangsweg zum Hals zu nutzen (Ventureyra 2000). Wenig sp{\"a}ter gelang es Fallgatter und Kollegen erstmals, durch elektrische Stimulation in diesem Innervationsgebiet somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale des N. vagus (VSEP) an der Sch{\"a}delkalotte abzuleiten (Fallgatter, Neuhauser et al. 2003). Hierbei konnte in Einzelf{\"a}llen gezeigt werden, dass nur an dieser Stelle diese Potentiale evoziert werden k{\"o}nnen, nicht jedoch an anderen Stellen des Ohres, die gr{\"o}ßtenteils vom N. trigeminus innerviert werden (Benninghoff, Drenckhahn et al. 2008). Dieser Vorbefund sollte in dieser Studie in einer Subgruppenanalyse an 10 Probanden {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus stellte sich die Frage, ob durch transkutane Stimulation des Hautastes eine {\"a}hnliche gute klinische Verbesserung bei Depressionen wie bei konventioneller VNS, m{\"o}glich ist. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob {\"u}ber diesen alternativen Zugangsweg der VNS am Ohr positive Effekte auf affektive Parameter {\"a}hnlich denen der konventionellen VNS bei depressiven Patienten zu erzielen sind. Die Hypothese dabei lautete, dass nach der VNS ein stimmungsaufhellender Effekt zu sehen ist, w{\"a}hrend man bei der ausschließlichen Stimulation des N. trigeminus an den {\"u}brigen Stellen des Ohres keinen antidepressiven Effekt sieht. F{\"u}r viele Patienten w{\"a}re es eine Erleichterung, wenn man k{\"u}nftig die M{\"o}glichkeit einer einfachen Therapieform zur unterst{\"u}tzenden Behandlung von therapierefrakt{\"a}ren Depressionen h{\"a}tte. Methoden: Hierzu wurden 50 Patienten aus der Universit{\"a}tsklinik f{\"u}r Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Universit{\"a}tsklinikums W{\"u}rzburg, die unter unipolarer oder bipolarer Depressionen leiden rekrutiert. Jeder Patient wurde jeweils 20 Minuten sowohl im Innervationsgebiet des Vagus als auch an einer Stelle, welche rein vom Trigeminus innerviert wird, stimuliert. Die Reihenfolge der Stimulation erfolgte randomisiert, so dass der Patient nicht wusste, welche Stimulation er als erstes erh{\"a}lt. Jeweils vor und nach jeder Stimulation wurde der Proband mittels visueller Analogskala bez{\"u}glich affektiver Parameter befragt. 30 Patienten wurden kontinuierlich {\"u}ber 20 Minuten stimuliert, w{\"a}hrend 20 Patienten pulsatil dergestalt stimuliert wurden, dass immer nach 5 Minuten eine Stimulationspause von 30 Sekunden folgte, damit wieder ein neuer Reiz gesetzt werden konnte. Bei 10 Patienten wurden zus{\"a}tzlich noch evozierte Potentiale sowohl bei transkutaner Vagusnervstimulation, als auch bei Kontrollstimulation im Innervationsgebiet des N. trigeminus, abgeleitet. Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen: Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, w{\"a}hrend sich unter kontinuierlichen Stimulationsbedingungen keine signifikanten Ergebnisse zeigten, f{\"u}hlten sich die Probanden unter pulsatilen Stimulationsbedingungen nach der Versuchsstimulation signifikant fr{\"o}hlicher (t(38)= 5,24; p< 0,001), optimistischer (t(38)= 3,28; p= 0,002) und sch{\"a}tzten ihr allgemeines Empfinden danach besser ein (t(38)= 3,50; p= 0,001). Daher ist in k{\"u}nftigen Studien die pulsatile Stimulationsart der kontinuierlichen vorzuziehen. Keinen Einfluss hingegen schienen die Stimulationen auf die Vigilanz zu nehmen. Bei der Auswertung der evozierten Potentiale zeigte sich, dass die Amplitude P1-N1 in Ableitung FzF3 bei Kontrollstimulation signifikant kleiner als bei Versuchsstimulation war (t(9)= 3,13; p= 0,012). Dar{\"u}ber hinaus war die Amplitude im Schnitt immer unter Kontrollstimulation kleiner, als bei Versuchsstimulation. F{\"u}r die Amplitude P1-N1 in Ableitung C3F3 war hierf{\"u}r ebenfalls ein Trend zu sehen (t(9)= 1,85; p= 0,097). Auffallend war auch, dass die Latenzen P1, N1 und P2 sehr oft im Schnitt bei Kontrollstimulation verl{\"a}ngert waren. Die Latenz an Punkt P1 in Ableitung C3F3 war hier sogar bei Kontrollstimulation signifikant l{\"a}nger, als bei Versuchsstimulation (t(9)= -2,37; p= 0,042). Praktische Schlussfolgerungen: In Ans{\"a}tzen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Versuchsstimulation am Tragus ein anderes Potential auf Hirnstammebene generiert als die Kontrollstimulation am Ohrl{\"a}ppchen. W{\"a}hrend sich bei kontinuierlicher Stimulationsart keine signifikanten Ergebnisse zeigten, f{\"u}hlten sich die Probanden nach pulsatiler Vagusnervstimulation signifikant fr{\"o}hlicher, optimistischer und sch{\"a}tzten ihr allgemeines Empfinden besser ein. Nur auf die Vigilanz scheint die pulsatile VNS keinen Einfluss zu nehmen. Gerade die pulsatile VNS zeigt vielversprechende Ergebnisse und sollte in k{\"u}nftigen Studien n{\"a}her untersucht und der kontinuierlichen Stimulationsart vorgezogen werden. Nat{\"u}rlich sind noch intensivere Studien notwendig, trotzdem besteht aufgrund der Ergebnisse die Hoffnung, die transkutane VNS in Zukunft zur unterst{\"u}tzenden Therapie bei der Depressionsbehandlung einsetzen zu k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Langer2017, author = {Langer, Simon}, title = {Herz-Hirn Interaktion im Mausmodell: Herzinsuffizienz nach Myokardinfarkt f{\"u}hrt zu depressivem Verhalten bei M{\"a}usen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154733}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Herzinsuffizienz, Depression und Angstst{\"o}rungen treten geh{\"a}uft gemeinsam auf und beeinflussen teilweise gegenseitig ihre Prognose. Die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen diesen Erkrankungen sind bislang nicht aufgekl{\"a}rt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit f{\"u}hrte isch{\"a}mische Herzinsuffizienz im Mausmodell zu Depressions-{\"a}hnlichem Verhalten innerhalb von 8 Wochen nach Infarktinduktion. Weiter zeigte sich eine Minderung der Ged{\"a}chtnisleistung. Angst-assoziiertes Verhalten ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Immunhistochemisch konnten keine Ver{\"a}nderungen in spezifischen Hirnarealen nachgewiesen werden. Molekulare Methoden legen Ver{\"a}nderungen des Serotoninstoffwechsels als m{\"o}gliche Erkl{\"a}rung nahe. Nach operativer Ligatur eines Herzkrankgef{\"a}ßes wurden C57/Bl6N M{\"a}use {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen beobachtet. In dieser Zeit wurden neben Herzultraschalluntersuchungen eine Reihe von Verhaltenstest durchgef{\"u}hrt, um depressive und {\"a}ngstliche Verhaltensstrukturen sowie die kognitive Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit beurteilen zu k{\"o}nnen. Nach Ablauf des Beobachtungszeitraumes wurden das Herz und das Gehirn entnommen und weiteren histologischen und molekularen Untersuchungen zugef{\"u}hrt. Die histologische Aufarbeitung des Herzens nach Ende des Versuchszeitraumes best{\"a}tigte die Beobachtungen anderen Autoren, dass eine Infarktgr{\"o}ße von mehr als 30\% mit sehr hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Entstehung einer Herzinsuffizienz f{\"u}hrt. Im der histologischen Aufarbeitung des Gehirns zeigen sich keine strukturellen Ver{\"a}nderungen bei herzkranken M{\"a}usen, die die beobachteten {\"A}nderungen im Verhalten begr{\"u}nden k{\"o}nnten. Insbesondere kann eine hypoxische Hirnsch{\"a}digung durch eine etwaige Minderperfusion empfindlicher Hirnareale ausgeschlossen werden. M{\"a}use, die nach Induktion eines Myokardinfarktes eine Herzinsuffizienz entwickeln, zeigen nach 8 Wochen Depressions-assoziiertes, adynamisches Verhalten sowie eine Verminderung der kognitiven Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit, nicht aber Anzeichen von Angstst{\"o}rungen. Diesen Verhaltens{\"a}nderungen kann kein strukturelles Korrelat im Gehirn zugewiesen werden. Dies ist ein Indiz daf{\"u}r, dass sich Ver{\"a}nderung auf molekularer Ebene vollziehen, welche sich dem Mikroskop entziehen. Die im Myokard beobachtete Regulation des Serotoninstoffwechsels ist ein m{\"o}glicher Erkl{\"a}rungsansatz hierf{\"u}r.}, subject = {Deutsches Zentrum f{\"u}r Herzinsuffizienz W{\"u}rzburg}, language = {de} } @article{MehnertKochSchulzetal.2012, author = {Mehnert, Anja and Koch, Uwe and Schulz, Holger and Wegscheider, Karl and Weis, Joachim and Faller, Hermann and Keller, Monika and Br{\"a}hler, Elmar and H{\"a}rter, Martin}, title = {Prevalence of mental disorders, psychosocial distress and need for psychosocial support in cancer patients - study protocol of an epidemiological multi-center study}, volume = {12}, number = {70}, doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-12-70}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153296}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background Empirical studies investigating the prevalence of mental disorders and psychological distress in cancer patients have gained increasing importance during recent years, particularly with the objective to develop and implement psychosocial interventions within the cancer care system. Primary purpose of this epidemiological cross-sectional multi-center study is to detect the 4-week-, 12-month-, and lifetime prevalence rates of comorbid mental disorders and to further assess psychological distress and psychosocial support needs in cancer patients across all major tumor entities within the in- and outpatient oncological health care and rehabilitation settings in Germany. Methods/Design In this multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study, cancer patients across all major tumor entities will be enrolled from acute care hospitals, outpatient cancer care facilities, and rehabilitation centers in five major study centers in Germany: Freiburg, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Leipzig and W{\"u}rzburg. A proportional stratified random sample based on the nationwide incidence of all cancer diagnoses in Germany is used. Patients are consecutively recruited in all centers. On the basis of a depression screener (PHQ-9) 50\% of the participants that score below the cutoff point of 9 and all patients scoring above are assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Oncology (CIDI-O). In addition, all patients complete validated questionnaires measuring emotional distress, information and psychosocial support needs as well as quality of life. Discussion Epidemiological data on the prevalence of mental disorders and distress provide detailed and valid information for the estimation of the demands for the type and extent of psychosocial support interventions. The data will provide information about specific demographic, functional, cancer- and treatment-related risk factors for mental comorbidity and psychosocial distress, specific supportive care needs and use of psychosocial support offers.}, language = {en} } @article{GutknechtPoppWaideretal.2015, author = {Gutknecht, Lise and Popp, Sandy and Waider, Jonas and Sommerlandt, Frank M. J. and G{\"o}ppner, Corinna and Post, Antonia and Reif, Andreas and van den Hove, Daniel and Strekalova, Tatyana and Schmitt, Angelika and Colaςo, Maria B. N. and Sommer, Claudia and Palme, Rupert and Lesch, Klaus-Peter}, title = {Interaction of brain 5-HT synthesis deficiency, chronic stress and sex differentially impact emotional behavior in Tph2 knockout mice}, series = {Psychopharmacology}, volume = {232}, journal = {Psychopharmacology}, doi = {10.1007/s00213-015-3879-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154586}, pages = {2429 -- 2441}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Rationale While brain serotonin (5-HT) function is implicated in gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) impacting the vulnerability-resilience continuum in neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains elusive how the interplay of altered 5-HT synthesis and environmental stressors is linked to failure in emotion regulation. Objective Here, we investigated the effect of constitutively impaired 5-HT synthesis on behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) using a mouse model of brain 5-HT deficiency resulting from targeted inactivation of the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) gene. Results Locomotor activity and anxiety- and depression-like behavior as well as conditioned fear responses were differentially affected by Tph2 genotype, sex, and CMS. Tph2 null mutants (Tph2\(^{-/-}\)) displayed increased general metabolism, marginally reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior but strikingly increased conditioned fear responses. Behavioral modifications were associated with sex-specific hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system alterations as indicated by plasma corticosterone and fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations. Tph2\(^{-/-}\) males displayed increased impulsivity and high aggressiveness. Tph2\(^{-/-}\) females displayed greater emotional reactivity to aversive conditions as reflected by changes in behaviors at baseline including increased freezing and decreased locomotion in novel environments. However, both Tph2\(^{-/-}\) male and female mice were resilient to CMS-induced hyperlocomotion, while CMS intensified conditioned fear responses in a GxE-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results indicate that 5-HT mediates behavioral responses to environmental adversity by facilitating the encoding of stress effects leading to increased vulnerability for negative emotionality.}, language = {en} } @article{MerglKoburgerHeinrichsetal.2015, author = {Mergl, Roland and Koburger, Nicole and Heinrichs, Katherina and Sz{\´e}kely, Andr{\´a}s and T{\´o}th, M{\´o}nika Ditta and Coyne, James and Quint{\~a}o, S{\´o}nia and Arensman, Ella and Coffey, Claire and Maxwell, Margaret and V{\"a}rnik, Airi and van Audenhove, Chantal and McDaid, David and Sarchiapone, Marco and Schmidtke, Armin and Genz, Axel and Gusm{\~a}o, Ricardo and Hegerl, Ulrich}, title = {What Are Reasons for the Large Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicidal Acts? An Epidemiological Analysis in Four European Countries}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0129062}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151547}, pages = {e0129062}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background In Europe, men have lower rates of attempted suicide compared to women and at the same time a higher rate of completed suicides, indicating major gender differences in lethality of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to analyse the extent to which these gender differences in lethality can be explained by factors such as choice of more lethal methods or lethality differences within the same suicide method or age. In addition, we explored gender differences in the intentionality of suicide attempts. Methods and Findings Methods. Design: Epidemiological study using a combination of self-report and official data. Setting: Mental health care services in four European countries: Germany, Hungary, Ireland, and Portugal. Data basis: Completed suicides derived from official statistics for each country (767 acts, 74.4\% male) and assessed suicide attempts excluding habitual intentional self-harm (8,175 acts, 43.2\% male). Main Outcome Measures and Data Analysis. We collected data on suicidal acts in eight regions of four European countries participating in the EU-funded "OSPI-Europe"-project (www.ospi-europe.com). We calculated method-specific lethality using the number of completed suicides per method * 100 /(number of completed suicides per method + number of attempted suicides per method). We tested gender differences in the distribution of suicidal acts for significance by using the \(\chi\)\(^{2}\)-test for two-by-two tables. We assessed the effect sizes with phi coefficients (φ). We identified predictors of lethality with a binary logistic regression analysis. Poisson regression analysis examined the contribution of choice of methods and method-specific lethality to gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts. Findings Main Results Suicidal acts (fatal and non-fatal) were 3.4 times more lethal in men than in women (lethality 13.91\% (regarding 4106 suicidal acts) versus 4.05\% (regarding 4836 suicidal acts)), the difference being significant for the methods hanging, jumping, moving objects, sharp objects and poisoning by substances other than drugs. Median age at time of suicidal behaviour (35-44 years) did not differ between males and females. The overall gender difference in lethality of suicidal behaviour was explained by males choosing more lethal suicide methods (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03; 95\% CI = 1.65 to 2.50; p < 0.000001) and additionally, but to a lesser degree, by a higher lethality of suicidal acts for males even within the same method (OR = 1.64; 95\% CI = 1.32 to 2.02; p = 0.000005). Results of a regression analysis revealed neither age nor country differences were significant predictors for gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts. The proportion of serious suicide attempts among all non-fatal suicidal acts with known intentionality (NFSAi) was significantly higher in men (57.1\%; 1,207 of 2,115 NFSAi) than in women (48.6\%; 1,508 of 3,100 NFSAi) (\(\chi\)\(^{2}\) = 35.74; p < 0.000001). Main limitations of the study Due to restrictive data security regulations to ensure anonymity in Ireland, specific ages could not be provided because of the relatively low absolute numbers of suicide in the Irish intervention and control region. Therefore, analyses of the interaction between gender and age could only be conducted for three of the four countries. Attempted suicides were assessed for patients presenting to emergency departments or treated in hospitals. An unknown rate of attempted suicides remained undetected. This may have caused an overestimation of the lethality of certain methods. Moreover, the detection of attempted suicides and the registration of completed suicides might have differed across the four countries. Some suicides might be hidden and misclassified as undetermined deaths. Conclusions Men more often used highly lethal methods in suicidal behaviour, but there was also a higher method-specific lethality which together explained the large gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts. Gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts were fairly consistent across all four European countries examined. Males and females did not differ in age at time of suicidal behaviour. Suicide attempts by males were rated as being more serious independent of the method used, with the exceptions of attempted hanging, suggesting gender differences in intentionality associated with suicidal behaviour. These findings contribute to understanding of the spectrum of reasons for gender differences in the lethality of suicidal behaviour and should inform the development of gender specific strategies for suicide prevention.}, language = {en} } @article{HarrisMaxwellO'Connoretal.2013, author = {Harris, Fiona M. and Maxwell, Margaret and O'Connor, Rory C. and Coyne, James and Arensman, Ella and Andr{\´a}s, Sz{\´e}kely and Gusm{\~a}o, Ricardo and Coffey, Claire and Costa, Susana and Zoltan, Cserh{\´a}ti and Koburger, Nicole and van Audenhove, Chantal and McDaid, David and Maloney, Julia and V{\"a}rnik, Peeter and Hegerl, Ulrich}, title = {Developing social capital in implementing a complex intervention: a process evaluation of the early implementation of a suicide prevention intervention in four European countries}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {13}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, number = {158}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-13-158}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122117}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background: Variation in the implementation of complex multilevel interventions can impact on their delivery and outcomes. Few suicide prevention interventions, especially multilevel interventions, have included evaluation of both the process of implementation as well as outcomes. Such evaluation is essential for the replication of interventions, for interpreting and understanding outcomes, and for improving implementation science. This paper reports on a process evaluation of the early implementation stage of an optimised suicide prevention programme (OSPI-Europe) implemented in four European countries. Methods: The process analysis was conducted within the framework of a realist evaluation methodology, and involved case studies of the process of implementation in four European countries. Datasets include: repeated questionnaires to track progress of implementation including delivery of individual activities and their intensity; serial interviews and focus groups with stakeholder groups; and detailed observations at OSPI implementation team meetings. Results: Analysis of local contexts in each of the four countries revealed that the advisory group was a key mechanism that had a substantial impact on the ease of implementation of OSPI interventions, particularly on their ability to recruit to training interventions. However, simply recruiting representatives of key organisations into an advisory group is not sufficient to achieve impact on the delivery of interventions. In order to maximise the potential of high level 'gatekeepers', it is necessary to first transform them into OSPI stakeholders. Motivations for OSPI participation as a stakeholder included: personal affinity with the shared goals and target groups within OSPI; the complementary and participatory nature of OSPI that adds value to pre-existing suicide prevention initiatives; and reciprocal reward for participants through access to the extended network capacity that organisations could accrue for themselves and their organisations from participation in OSPI. Conclusions: Exploring the role of advisory groups and the meaning of participation for these participants revealed some key areas for best practice in implementation: careful planning of the composition of the advisory group to access target groups; the importance of establishing common goals; the importance of acknowledging and complementing existing experience and activity; and facilitating an equivalence of benefit from network participation.}, language = {en} } @article{EiseleBlozikStoerketal.2013, author = {Eisele, Marion and Blozik, Eva and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Tr{\"a}der, Jens-Martin and Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph and Scherer, Martin}, title = {Recognition of depression and anxiety and their association with quality of life, hospitalization and mortality in primary care patients with heart failure - study protocol of a longitudinal observation study}, series = {BMC Family Practice}, volume = {14}, journal = {BMC Family Practice}, number = {180}, issn = {1471-2296}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2296-14-180}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121881}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background: International disease management guidelines recommend the regular assessment of depression and anxiety in heart failure patients. Currently there is little data on the effect of screening for depression and anxiety on the quality of life and the prognosis of heart failure (HF). We will investigate the association between the recognition of current depression/anxiety by the general practitioner (GP) and the quality of life and the patients' prognosis. Methods/Design: In this multicenter, prospective, observational study 3,950 patients with HF are recruited by general practices in Germany. The patients fill out questionnaires at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At baseline the GPs are interviewed regarding the somatic and psychological comorbidities of their patients. During the follow-up assessment, data on hospitalization and mortality are provided by the general practice. Based on baseline data, the patients are allocated into three observation groups: HF patients with depression and/or anxiety recognized by their GP (P+/+), those with depression and/or anxiety not recognized (P+/-) and patients without depression and/or anxiety (P-/-). We will perform multivariate regression models to investigate the influence of the recognition of depression and/or anxiety on quality of life at 12 month follow-up, as well as its influences on the prognosis (hospital admission, mortality). Discussion: We will display the frequency of GP-acknowledged depression and anxiety and the frequency of installed therapeutic strategies. We will also describe the frequency of depression and anxiety missed by the GP and the resulting treatment gap. Effects of correctly acknowledged and missed depression/anxiety on outcome, also in comparison to the outcome of subjects without depression/anxiety will be addressed. In case results suggest a treatment gap of depression/anxiety in patients with HF, the results of this study will provide methodological advice for the efficient planning of further interventional research.}, language = {en} } @article{LadwigLederbogenAlbusetal.2014, author = {Ladwig, Karl-Heinz and Lederbogen, Florian and Albus, Christian and Angermann, Christiane and Borggrefe, Martin and Fischer, Denise and Fritzsche, Kurt and Haass, Markus and Jordan, Jochen and J{\"u}nger, Jana and Kindermann, Ingrid and K{\"o}llner, Volker and Kuhn, Bernhard and Scherer, Martin and Seyfarth, Melchior and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Waller, Christiane and Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph}, title = {Position paper on the importance of psychosocial factors in cardiology: Update 2013}, series = {GMS German Medical Science}, volume = {12}, journal = {GMS German Medical Science}, doi = {10.3205/000194}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121196}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: The rapid progress of psychosomatic research in cardiology and also the increasing impact of psychosocial issues in the clinical daily routine have prompted the Clinical Commission of the German Heart Society (DGK) to agree to an update of the first state of the art paper on this issue which was originally released in 2008. Methods: The circle of experts was increased, general aspects were implemented and the state of the art was updated. Particular emphasis was dedicated to coronary heart diseases (CHD), heart rhythm diseases and heart failure because to date the evidence-based clinical knowledge is most advanced in these particular areas. Differences between men and women and over the life span were considered in the recommendations as were influences of cognitive capability and the interactive and synergistic impact of classical somatic risk factors on the affective comorbidity in heart disease patients. Results: A IA recommendation (recommendation grade I and evidence grade A) was given for the need to consider psychosocial risk factors in the estimation of coronary risks as etiological and prognostic risk factors. Furthermore, for the recommendation to routinely integrate psychosocial patient management into the care of heart surgery patients because in these patients, comorbid affective disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder) are highly prevalent and often have a malignant prognosis. A IB recommendation was given for the treatment of psychosocial risk factors aiming to prevent the onset of CHD, particularly if the psychosocial risk factor is harmful in itself (e.g. depression) or constrains the treatment of the somatic risk factors. Patients with acute and chronic CHD should be offered anti-depressive medication if these patients suffer from medium to severe states of depression and in this case medication with selective reuptake inhibitors should be given. In the long-term course of treatment with implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) a subjective health technology assessment is warranted. In particular, the likelihood of affective comorbidities and the onset of psychological crises should be carefully considered. Conclusions: The present state of the art paper presents an update of current empirical evidence in psychocardiology. The paper provides evidence-based recommendations for the integration of psychosocial factors into cardiological practice and highlights areas of high priority. The evidence for estimating the efficiency for psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions has increased substantially since the first release of the policy document but is, however, still weak. There remains an urgent need to establish curricula for physician competence in psychodiagnosis, communication and referral to ensure that current psychocardiac knowledge is translated into the daily routine.}, language = {en} } @article{LukasczikGerlichSchuleretal.2015, author = {Lukasczik, Matthias and Gerlich, Christian and Schuler, Michael and Neuderth, Silke and Dlugosch, Gabriele and Faller, Hermann}, title = {Stress and resources in women attending an inpatient prevention/rehabilitation measure for parents: Secondary analysis of quality assurance data}, series = {Open Journal of Medical Psychology}, volume = {4}, journal = {Open Journal of Medical Psychology}, doi = {10.4236/ojmp.2015.42003}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125316}, pages = {23-34}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Questionnaire data from two projects on the development of quality assurance instruments for an inpatient rehabilitation/prevention program for parents were used for a secondary analysis. In this analysis, the associations of gains in a psychosocial resource (parenting self-efficacy) and two types of stressors experienced by mothers at the start of treatment (parenting hassles, depressive symptoms) with general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health at the end of treatment were explored. Structural equation modeling was applied to data from N = 1724 female patients. Potential resource-stressor interactions were tested using the Latent Moderated Structural Equations approach. Results showed that parenting hassles were negatively associated with general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health while self-efficacy gains were weakly positively correlated with both variables. No interaction of parenting hassles and self-efficacy gains was found. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with both satisfaction measures. In these models, self-efficacy gains were not substantially correlated with life satisfaction, but showed a small association with satisfaction with health. There was no significant interaction of depressive symptoms and self-efficacy gains. The findings imply that interventions for distressed mothers—as exemplarily illustrated by this inpatient setting—should focus on identifying and reducing initial stressors as these may continue to impair mothers' subjective health despite gains in parenting-related resources.}, language = {en} } @article{UeceylerKewenigKittelSchneideretal.2015, author = {{\"U}{\c{c}}eyler, Nurcan and Kewenig, Susanne and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Sommer, Claudia}, title = {Increased cortical activation upon painful stimulation in fibromyalgia syndrome}, series = {BMC Neurology}, volume = {15}, journal = {BMC Neurology}, number = {210}, doi = {10.1186/s12883-015-0472-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125230}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and associated symptoms. We investigated cerebral activation in FMS patients by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Two stimulation paradigms were applied: a) painful pressure stimulation at the dorsal forearm; b) verbal fluency test (VFT). We prospectively recruited 25 FMS patients, ten patients with unipolar major depression (MD) without pain, and 35 healthy controls. All patients underwent neurological examination and all subjects were investigated with questionnaires (pain, depression, FMS, empathy). Results FMS patients had lower pressure pain thresholds than patients with MD and controls (p < 0.001) and reported higher pain intensity (p < 0.001). Upon unilateral pressure pain stimulation fNIRS recordings revealed increased bilateral cortical activation in FMS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). FMS patients also displayed a stronger contralateral activity over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in direct comparison to patients with MD (p < 0.05). While all three groups performed equally well in the VFT, a frontal deficit in cortical activation was only found in patients with depression (p < 0.05). Performance and cortical activation correlated negatively in FMS patients (p < 0.05) and positively in patients with MD (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data give further evidence for altered central nervous processing in patients with FMS and the distinction between FMS and MD.}, language = {en} } @article{KittelSchneiderKenisScheketal.2012, author = {Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Kenis, Gunter and Schek, Julia and van den Hove, Daniel and Prickaerts, Jos and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Steinbusch, Harry and Reif, Andreas}, title = {Expression of monoamine transporters, nitric oxide synthase 3, and neurotrophin genes in antidepressant-stimulated astrocytes}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00033}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-123627}, pages = {33}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: There is increasing evidence that glial cells play a role in the pathomechanisms of mood disorders and the mode of action of antidepressant drugs. Methods: To examine whether there is a direct effect on the expression of different genes encoding proteins that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, primary astrocyte cell cultures from rats were treated with two different antidepressant drugs, imipramine and escitalopram, and the RNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), serotonin transporter (5Htt), dopamine transporter (Dat), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) was examined. Results: Stimulation of astroglial cell culture with imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, led to a significant increase of the Bdnf RNA level whereas treatment with escitalopram did not. In contrast, 5Htt was not differentially expressed after antidepressant treatment. Finally, neither Dat nor Nos3 RNA expression was detected in cultured astrocytes. Conclusion: These data provide further evidence for a role of astroglial cells in the molecular mechanisms of action of antidepressants.}, language = {en} } @article{FreyPoppPostetal.2014, author = {Frey, Anna and Popp, Sandy and Post, Antonia and Langer, Simon and Lehmann, Marc and Hofmann, Ulrich and Siren, Anna-Leena and Hommers, Leif and Schmitt, Angelika and Strekalova, Tatyana and Ertl, Georg and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Frantz, Stefan}, title = {Experimental heart failure causes depression-like behavior together with differential regulation of inflammatory and structural genes in the brain}, series = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00376}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-118234}, pages = {376}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Depression and anxiety are common and independent outcome predictors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, it is unclear whether CHF causes depression. Thus, we investigated whether mice develop anxiety- and depression-like behavior after induction of ischemic CHF by myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results: In order to assess depression-like behavior, anhedonia was investigated by repeatedly testing sucrose preference for 8 weeks after coronary artery ligation or sham operation. Mice with large MI and increased left ventricular dimensions on echocardiography (termed CHF mice) showed reduced preference for sucrose, indicating depression-like behavior. 6 weeks after MI, mice were tested for exploratory activity, anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function using the elevated plus maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), open field (OF), and object recognition (OR) tests. In the EPM and OF, CHF mice exhibited diminished exploratory behavior and motivation despite similar movement capability. In the OR, CHF mice had reduced preference for novelty and impaired short-term memory. On histology, CHF mice had unaltered overall cerebral morphology. However, analysis of gene expression by RNA-sequencing in prefrontal cortical, hippocampal, and left ventricular tissue revealed changes in genes related to inflammation and cofactors of neuronal signal transduction in CHF mice, with Nr4a1 being dysregulated both in prefrontal cortex and myocardium after MI. Conclusions: After induction of ischemic CHF, mice exhibited anhedonic behavior, decreased exploratory activity and interest in novelty, and cognitive impairment. Thus, ischemic CHF leads to distinct behavioral changes in mice analogous to symptoms observed in humans with CHF and comorbid depression.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Yang2015, author = {Yang, Zhenghong}, title = {A systematic study of learned helplessness in Drosophila melanogaster}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112424}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The learned helplessness phenomenon is a specific animal behavior induced by prior exposure to uncontrollable aversive stimuli. It was first found by Seligman and Maier (1967) in dogs and then has been reported in many other species, e.g. in rats (Vollmayr and Henn, 2001), in goldfishes (Padilla, 1970), in cockroaches (Brown, 1988) and also in fruit flies (Brown, 1996; Bertolucci, 2008). However, the learned helplessness effect in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) has not been studied in detail. Thus, in this doctoral study, we investigated systematically learned helplessness behavior of Drosophila for the first time. Three groups of flies were tested in heatbox. Control group was in the chambers experiencing constant, mild temperature. Second group, master flies were punished in their chambers by being heated if they stopped walking for 0.9s. The heat pulses ended as soon as they resumed walking again. A third group, the yoked fly, was in their chambers at the same time. However, their behavior didn't affect anything: yoked flies were heated whenever master flies did, with same timing and durations. After certain amount of heating events, yoked flies associated their own behavior with the uncontrollability of the environment. They suppressed their innate responses such as reducing their walking time and walking speed; making longer escape latencies and less turning around behavior under heat pulses. Even after the conditioning phase, yoked flies showed lower activity level than master and control flies. Interestingly, we have also observed sex dimorphisms in flies. Male flies expressed learned helplessness not like female flies. Differences between master and yoked flies were smaller in male than in female flies. Another interesting finding was that prolonged or even repetition of training phases didn't enhance learned helplessness effect in flies. Furthermore, we investigated serotonergic and dopaminergic nervous systems in learned helplessness. Using genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we altered the levels of serotonin and dopamine in flies' central nervous system. Female flies with reduced serotonin concentration didn't show helpless behavior, while the learned helplessness effect in male flies seems not to be affected by a reduction of serotonin. Flies with lower dopamine level do not display the learned helplessness effect in the test phase, suggesting that with low dopamine the motivational change in learned helplessness in Drosophila may decline faster than with a normal dopamine level.}, subject = {Taufliege}, language = {en} } @article{Jacka2013, author = {Jacka, Felice N.}, title = {Nutritional Psychiatry: Inaugural Meeting in Tokyo}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-101072}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Welcome to the inaugural meeting of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR). It is a great pleasure to have the opportunity to join with colleagues working in this new and exciting field of research. Although there has long been interest in the links between nutritional deficiencies and psychiatric illness, as well as interest in the role of food allergies in such illnesses, the last five years has seen a significant and notable growth in this nascent field of research, with an accompanying impact on the viewpoints and practices of scientists and clinicians working in mental health. In my particular field of interest - that of the role of overall dietary quality in the common mental disorders, depression and anxiety - there has been an exponential growth in the literature since the end of 2009. It is exciting and gratifying to see concordant results from across the globe, in young children and adolescents through to older adults, and from countries as diverse as Norway and Taiwan. The study of the efficacy of nutritional interventions in psychiatric illness is also developing rapidly, with high quality randomised controlled trials now being conducted in multiple settings and with outcomes that include cognition as well as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. Another important development in this field is the rapidly growing recognition that nutrition is of central importance in the risk for cognitive decline and dementia. As this new recognition filters through to clinical researchers, I look forward to seeing new interventions in this area. Another area of research with significant interest and activity grows from the understanding of the centrality of physical health to mental health and vice versa. There are many nutrition researchers, dietitians and other health practitioners working to address the physical health of patients with mental illness; acting on the recognition that physical and mental health are closely related and mutually reinforcing. There is no doubt that the formation of an international society is timely; we now have the opportunity to join forces to share knowledge and build important collaborations. Building capacity in this field by sharing our knowledge with students and early career researchers will be another important activity of our society, as will building the credibility of nutritional psychiatry research through a clear understanding and implementation of best practice scientific methodology. I welcome each of you to extend the invitation to join our new ISNPR to colleagues and students in your networks. I would also encourage you to contribute to the discussions and sharing of knowledge by contributing short pieces to our newsletter, which will be disseminated by the end of this year. For those who are unable to attend this year's meeting, we hope that 2014 may present a possibility for attendance. Our aim is conduct our first Annual General Meeting before the end of July 2013 via teleconference and I welcome agenda items from those interested. With very best wishes Felice Jacka President ISNPR}, subject = {Omega-3-Fetts{\"a}uren}, language = {en} } @article{PlatteHerbertPaulietal.2013, author = {Platte, Petra and Herbert, Cornelia and Pauli, Paul and Breslin, Paul A. S.}, title = {Oral Perceptions of Fat and Taste Stimuli Are Modulated by Affect and Mood Induction}, series = {PLoS ONE}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0065006}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96421}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This study examined the impact of three clinical psychological variables (non-pathological levels of depression and anxiety, as well as experimentally manipulated mood) on fat and taste perception in healthy subjects. After a baseline orosensory evaluation, 'sad', 'happy' and 'neutral' video clips were presented to induce corresponding moods in eighty participants. Following mood manipulation, subjects rated five different oral stimuli, appearing sweet, umami, sour, bitter, fatty, which were delivered at five different concentrations each. Depression levels were assessed with Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety levels were assessed via the Spielberger's STAI-trait and state questionnaire. Overall, subjects were able to track the concentrations of the stimuli correctly, yet depression level affected taste ratings. First, depression scores were positively correlated with sucrose ratings. Second, subjects with depression scores above the sample median rated sucrose and quinine as more intense after mood induction (positive, negative and neutral). Third and most important, the group with enhanced depression scores did not rate low and high fat stimuli differently after positive or negative mood induction, whereas, during baseline or during the non-emotional neutral condition they rated the fat intensity as increasing with concentration. Consistent with others' prior observations we also found that sweet and bitter stimuli at baseline were rated as more intense by participants with higher anxiety scores and that after positive and negative mood induction, citric acid was rated as stronger tasting compared to baseline. The observation that subjects with mild subclinical depression rated low and high fat stimuli similarly when in positive or negative mood is novel and likely has potential implications for unhealthy eating patterns. This deficit may foster unconscious eating of fatty foods in sub-clinical mildly depressed populations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kunert2012, author = {Kunert, Mario}, title = {Angst und Depression in der prim{\"a}r{\"a}rztliche Versorgung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74584}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz von Kurz-Screening-Instrumenten (bestehend aus dem PHQ-4, mit seinen beiden Untereinheiten dem GAD-2 und dem PHQ-2) hinsichtlich der Tauglichkeit f{\"u}r einen Routineeinsatz in Hausarztpraxen. Gescreent wurde auf das m{\"o}gliche Vorliegen einer Angst- und/oder depressive St{\"o}rungen mit anschließender Validit{\"a}tspr{\"u}fung einer kleineren Stichprobe. Hinsichtlich der Validit{\"a}tspr{\"u}fung konnte zwischen den CIDI- und den Screening-Ergebnissen eine gute {\"U}bereinstimmung ermittelt werden (prozentuale {\"U}ber-einstimmung von 80,8\% bei einem Cohen-Kappa von 0,62). Insgesamt betrachtet l{\"a}sst sich mit einem vertretbaren Mehrbedarf an Zeit f{\"u}r nicht-{\"a}rztliche Mitarbeiter ein PHQ-4-Screening in einer Hausarztpraxis durchf{\"u}hren. Durch diese Maßnahme k{\"o}nnen - bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des Arztes - wichtige Informationen f{\"u}r eine Krankheitserkennung und f{\"u}r eine ggf. notwendige Therapie gewonnen werden. {\"U}ber einen Routineeinsatz von Kurz-Screenern in der prim{\"a}r-{\"a}rztlichen Versorgung sollte nachgedacht werden.}, subject = {Angst}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Merwart2012, author = {Merwart, Moritz}, title = {Die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Unterst{\"u}tzungsangeboten bei Krebskranken - eine geschlechtsspezifische Untersuchung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74324}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Untersuchung der Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Unterst{\"u}tzungsangeboten bei Krebspatienten. In einer multizentrischen Studie wurde untersucht, welche Unterst{\"u}tzungsangebote bevorzugt in Anspruch genommen werden und ob es hinsichtlich der Inanspruchnahme einen Geschlechterunterschied gibt. Außerdem wurden diverse andere Pr{\"a}diktoren untersucht, die einen Einfluss auf die Inanspruchnahme haben k{\"o}nnen (z.B. Depressivit{\"a}t, psychische St{\"o}rung, Alter, Bildungsstand). Zur Datenerhebung dienten Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente in Form von Frageb{\"o}gen und ein standardisiertes klinisches Interview (CIDI).}, subject = {Psychoonkologie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kaese2011, author = {K{\"a}se, Mirjam}, title = {Transkranielle Theta Burst Behandlung depressiver Patienten: Untersuchung der Wirkung auf evozierte Potentiale in einem Oddball Paradigma}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69314}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es die Wirksamkeit einer Behandlung mit Transkranieller Magnetstimulation bei depressiven Patienten zu untersuchen. Der Behandlungserfolg wurde mit depressionsspezfischen Frageb{\"o}gen, der Testleistung in einer kognitiven Aufgabe und ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen im EEG objektiviert. Es konnte nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt werden, ob die Theta-Burst-Stimulation in der Therapie depressiver Patienten geeignet ist. Es fanden sich allerdings Hinweise darauf, dass die pr{\"a}frontal applizierte Behandlung Ver{\"a}nderungen in den frontal generierten ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen bewirkte.}, subject = {Chronische Depression}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Spieler2011, author = {Spieler, Christof}, title = {Ver{\"a}nderungen von biographischen Beurteilungen und Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmalen depressiver Patienten im Verlauf kognitiver Therapie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-66592}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Die als Eingruppen-Pr{\"a}-Post-Studie konzipierte Arbeit umfasste ein Probandengut von 46 Patienten mit der Diagnose einer Major Depression nach DSM-IV, die sich im Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2005 in ambulanter psychiatrischer Therapie befanden und nach Prinzipien und Methoden der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie behandelt wurden. Mit dem Fragebogen f{\"u}r Psychovulnerabilit{\"a}t und Psychoprotektion (FPVP) wurden dabei biographische Merkmale sowie Pers{\"o}nlichkeitscharakteristika der Probanden erfasst. Zur quantitativen Beschreibung des momentanen Befindens dienten ferner die Eigenschaftsw{\"o}rterliste (EWL) sowie die Befindlichkeitsskala (Bf-S). Jeweils am Anfang sowie nach Abschluss der kognitiven Psychotherapie f{\"u}llten die Patienten die entsprechenden Frageb{\"o}gen aus. Eine {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der so ermittelten Ergebnisse auf statistisch signifikante Ver{\"a}nderungen nach Abschluss der Therapie erfolgte mittels des Wilcoxon-Vorzeichen-Rangsummen-Testes. Außerdem wurden Spearman-Rangkorrelationskoeffizienten zwischen den pr{\"a}therapeutischen Werten der biographischen beziehungsweise pers{\"o}nlichkeitsbezogenen Variablen und den Ver{\"a}nderungen der allgemeinen Stimmungslage im Verlauf der Therapie errechnet. So sollte der Fragestellung nachgegangen werden, ob sich bestimmte Wesensmerkmale respektive biographische Einsch{\"a}tzungen der Probanden als Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r die Ver{\"a}nderungen des allgemeinen Befindens im Laufe einer psychotherapeutischen Depressionsbehandlung erweisen. Die Studie konnte einerseits aufzeigen, dass die psychovulnerablen FPVP-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariablen „Neurotizismus" (NE) sowie „Desorganisation" (DO) und „Arbeitsbezogenheit" (AB) einer kognitiven Umstrukturierung zug{\"a}nglich waren. Gleiches galt f{\"u}r die psychoprotektive Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariable „Zielgerichtetheit" (ZG). Weiterhin konnte dargelegt werden, dass die biographischen Skalen „Kindliches Kontaktverhalten" (KI) sowie „Schulisches Engagement" (SCH), der Tatsache entsprechend, dass sie auf Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen basieren, die bereits in einer gewissen Weise stattgefunden haben, einer kognitiven Ver{\"a}nderung nicht unmittelbar zug{\"a}nglich waren. Andererseits zeigte sich, dass es im Verlauf der kognitiven Psychotherapie zu einer Verbesserung der gegenw{\"a}rtigen Stimmungslage und psychischen Befindlichkeit innerhalb des Patientenkollektivs kam. Dieses Ergebnis steht im Einklang mit zahlreichen fr{\"u}heren Studien, welche die hohe Effektivit{\"a}t der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie bei der psychotherapeutischen Depressionsbehandlung hinreichend belegen. Außerdem wurde dargelegt, dass die Pr{\"a}-Werte der klinischen Skalen „Desorganisation" (DO) und „Neurotizismus" (NE) die Ver{\"a}nderungen der allgemeinen Stimmungslage im Laufe der kognitiven Therapie korrelativ beeinflussten. Je h{\"o}her n{\"a}mlich die pr{\"a}therapeutischen Scores der genannten Variablen ausfielen, umso ausgepr{\"a}gter verbesserte sich das psychische Befinden der Probanden verglichen mit den pr{\"a}therapeutischen Ausgangswerten. Schließlich imponierte der Befund, dass sich die psychische Befindlichkeit der Testpersonen im Laufe der Behandlung umso positiver ver{\"a}nderte, je h{\"o}her deren Introversions- beziehungsweise je geringer deren Extraversions-Werte zu Beginn der Therapie waren. Introvertierte Patienten scheinen demnach einen h{\"o}heren Nutzen von dem psychotherapeutischen Verfahren der kognitiven Umstrukturierung zu haben. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse sowie auf den Erkenntnissen fr{\"u}herer Arbeiten, welche bereits den Zusammenhang zwischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und aktuellem Befinden darlegen konnten, wurden Folgerungen f{\"u}r das klinisch-therapeutische Vorgehen gezogen: Durch bewusste F{\"o}rderung gewisser psychoprotektiver Faktoren beziehungsweise gezielte Abschw{\"a}chung und kognitive Umstrukturierung psychovulnerabler Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariablen l{\"a}sst sich die psychische Grundverfassung depressiver Patienten therapeutisch positiv beeinflussen. Biographische Merkmale k{\"o}nnen demgegen{\"u}ber nicht unmittelbar ver{\"a}ndert werden; jedoch ist es m{\"o}glich, dem Patienten eine ver{\"a}nderte Perspektive auf Aspekte seiner Lebensgeschichte zu vermitteln, was bis hin zu einer fiktiven Rekonstruktion der eigenen Biographie reichen kann. Der im Rahmen dieser Studie aufgezeigte Befund, dass ein erfolgreicher Verlauf der kognitiven Therapie mit hohen Introversions- respektive geringen Extraversions-Werten der Probanden korrelierte, wirft schließlich die Frage auf, ob die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie als ad{\"a}quates Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung depressiver Erkrankungen bei stark extravertierten Patienten verstanden werden kann. Da demgegen{\"u}ber gerade introvertierte, emotional labile Patienten von diesem psychotherapeutischen Verfahren zu profitieren scheinen, bietet sich die kognitive Therapie als geeignete Behandlungsmethode zur Therapie depressiver St{\"o}rungen bei solchen Patienten an.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Altides2011, author = {Altides, Anastasia Elisabeth}, title = {BDNF Plasma Level als Marker f{\"u}r Alzheimer in der VITA Studie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-57274}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {HINTERGRUND: Der brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reguliert die synaptische Plastizit{\"a}t und spielt somit eine wichtige Rolle in der Ged{\"a}chtnisbildung und -erhaltung. Deswegen gibt es eingehende Untersuchungen dieses neurotrophischen Faktors in Bezug auf Demenzerkrankungen, vor allem der Alzheimer Demenz. In dieser Studie wurde nach einem Zusammenhang zwischen BDNF Blutplasmawerten und der Alzheimer Demenz in einer longitudinalen Kohortenstudie, der Vienna-Transdanube-Aging(VITA)-Studie gesucht. METHODEN: Die VITA-Studie ist eine kommunale Kohortenstudie aller 75j{\"a}hrigen Einwohner einer geographischen Region Wiens. Es wurden die BDNF Plasmawerte der Basisuntersuchung und der ersten Folgeuntersuchung 30 Monate sp{\"a}ter als m{\"o}gliche Biomarker f{\"u}r die Alzheimer Demenz untersucht. Assoziationen zwischen BDNF Plasmawerten und anderen epidemiologischen Eckdaten wurden ebenfalls analysiert. ERGEBNISSE: Wir konnten keine Assoziation zwischen BDNF Plasmawerten und der Entwicklung oder einer bereits bestehenden Alzheimer Demenz finden. Geschlecht, Body-Maß-Index und Depression stellten sich als Komorbidit{\"a}ts-Faktoren von Demenz-erkrankungen dar. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: BDNF Plasmawerte sind diesen Ergebnissen nach kein so viel versprechender molekularer Marker f{\"u}r Alzheimer Demenz wie erhofft. BDNF wird jedoch weiterhin in vielen interessanten Studienprotokollen untersucht, da es sowohl im Blutserum als auch im Hirngewebe nachgewiesen werden kann und somit viele diagnostische und therapeutische Ans{\"a}tze inspiriert.}, subject = {Alzheimer-Krankheit}, language = {de} } @incollection{EllgringWagnerClarke1980, author = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Wagner, H. and Clarke, AH}, title = {Psychopathological states and their effects on speech and gaze behaviour}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50323}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {1980}, abstract = {Internal characteristics such as depressed mood, anxiety and general negative emotions are accompanied, particularly during depressive illness, by changes in observable behaviour. Accordingly, the following questions may be examined: are intra-individual changes in speech and gaze behaviour related to changes in the internal psychopathological state? Further, do these changes occur synchronously to changes in the state of subjective well-being? A longitudinal study was made on depressed patients. Their behaviour was observed during standardised interviews and diagnostic-therapeutic discussions held at regu~ lar intervals. Various speech and gaze parameters were examined with respect to their coordination and their relationship to the subjective state of well-being. Considerable variation was found in the temporal relationship amongst these variables. The results are discussed with respect to the relevance of speech parameters and the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour as indicators of the psychopathological condition.}, subject = {Psychologie}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jay2010, author = {Jay, Johanna Tharsilla}, title = {Pr{\"a}frontale Hirnoxygenierung w{\"a}hrend einer Aufgabe zum Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis bei Patienten mit einer unipolaren Depression}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51554}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Patienten mit Depression zeigen typischerweise eine Beeintr{\"a}chtigung kognitiver Funktionen, vor allem im Bereich der exekutiven Funktionen. Als neuroanatomisches Korrelat konnte den exekutiven Funktionen der pr{\"a}frontale Kortex zugeordnet werden. In den bisherigen bildgebenden Untersuchungen bei depressiven Patienten konnte vor allem eine Hypofrontalit{\"a}t festgestellt werden. Durch verschiedene neuropsychologische Tests konnten kognitive Defizite vor allem im visuell-r{\"a}umlichen Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis gezeigt werden. Als neuroanatomisches Korrelat konnte dem Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis der DLPFC zugeordnet werden. Die bisher durchgef{\"u}hrten kombinierten Untersuchungen bei depressiven Patienten lieferten jedoch keine einheitlichen Ergebnisse. Mittelpunkt unserer Untersuchung war es deshalb mittels NIRS w{\"a}hrend der Durchf{\"u}hrung eines Tests f{\"u}r das visuell-r{\"a}umliche und das objektbezogene Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis sowohl bei einer Patientengruppe mit unipolarer Depression als auch bei einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe die Aktivierungsmuster des pr{\"a}frontalen Kortex zu ermitteln. F{\"u}r den Zusammenhang zwischen der Hirnaktivierung und der Schwere der depressiven Erkrankung konnten keine signifikanten Korrelationen gezeigt werden. Dies spricht gegen den „state"-Charakter und f{\"u}r den „trait"-Charakter der Hypofrontalit{\"a}t bei einer depressiven Erkrankung. Die bez{\"u}glich der Verhaltensdaten gerechneten Varianzanalysen zeigten eine deutliche Schwierigkeitsabstufung zwischen den drei Bedingungen (OWM>VWM>KON). Der fehlende Interaktionseffekt Gruppe x Bedingung, also eine h{\"o}here Reaktionszeit der Patienten w{\"a}hrend allen Aufgaben und nicht nur w{\"a}hrend OWM und VWM deutet auf eine allgemeine Verlangsamung im Sinne einer psychomotorischen Verlangsamung hin und nicht wie erwartet auf ein besonderes Defizit im Bereich kognitiver Funktionen. Interaktionseffekte bei den bildgebenden Daten bei gleichzeitig fehlenden Interaktionsnachweisen bei den Verhaltensdaten deuten an, dass die funktionellen Daten unabh{\"a}ngig von den Verhaltensdaten interpretiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Ein kognitives Defizit f{\"u}r beide Komponenten des visuell-r{\"a}umlichen Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnisses bei Patienten mit einer depressiven Erkrankung zeigt sich in unserer Untersuchung also weniger {\"u}ber die Verhaltensdaten als vielmehr {\"u}ber die verminderte Hirnaktivierung w{\"a}hrend OWM und VWM. Im Gruppenvergleich konnte in den ROI-Analysen f{\"u}r OWM und VWM wie erwartet ein spezieller Arbeitsged{\"a}chtniseffekt gezeigt werden, also eine h{\"o}here Aktivierung der Kontrollgruppe speziell f{\"u}r die Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnisaufgaben. Es wurde also insgesamt in unserer Untersuchung eine pr{\"a}frontale Hypoaktivierung bei Patienten mit einer depressiven Erkrankung festgestellt.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Doenitz2010, author = {Doenitz, Christian}, title = {Adulte Neurogenese in alten Serotonin-Transporter defizienten M{\"a}usen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49745}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Das serotonerge System des Gehirns mit seinen Projektionen ins limbische System ist an der Pathogenese der Depression und anderer neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen beteiligt. Bei der serotonergen Neurotransmission spielt der Serotonintransporter (5-HTT) eine wichtige Rolle und ist auch therapeutischer Angriffspunkt verschiedener Antidepressiva. Das Tiermodell der 5-HTT-Knockout(KO)-Maus dient der Untersuchung des serotonergen Systems. Diese Tiere besitzen neben einem verst{\"a}rkten Angst-{\"a}hnlichen Verhalten auch erh{\"o}hte 5-HT-Konzentrationen im synaptischen Spalt. Lange Zeit war man der Meinung, dass nahezu alle Nervenzellen w{\"a}hrend der Embryogenese bis kurz nach der Geburt gebildet werden. Neuere Untersuchungen konnten Neurogenese jedoch auch im Gehirn adulter Tiere und auch des Menschen nachweisen. Eine wichtige Gehirnregion mit adulter Neurogenese (aN) bis ins hohe Alter ist der Gyrus dentatus (GD) des Hippocampus. Der Hippocampus ist zentraler Teil des limbischen Systems und hat Schl{\"u}sselfunktionen bei Lernprozessen und der Ged{\"a}chtnisbildung und unterliegt durch seine serotonerge Innervation auch dem Einfluss von 5-HT. Die Zusammenfassung dieser Beobachtungen f{\"u}hrte zu folgender Arbeitshypothese: Eine erniedrigte Zahl von 5-HTT f{\"u}hrt zu chronisch erh{\"o}hten 5-HT-Spiegeln im synaptischen Spalt. Die damit verbundene Stimulation des serotonergen Systems f{\"u}hrt zu einer ver{\"a}nderten aN. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die quantitative Bestimmung von Proliferation, {\"U}berleben und Migration neu entstandener Zellen in der KZS des GD von heterozygoten (HET) und homozygoten 5-HTT-M{\"a}usen (KO), die mit Wildtyptieren (WT) verglichen wurden. Dabei wurden {\"a}ltere M{\"a}usen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 13,8 Monaten verwendet. In der Gruppe zur Untersuchung der Proliferation wurden die Versuchstiere (n=18) 24 h nach Injektionen mit BrdU get{\"o}tet und histologische Schnitte des Hippocampus post mortem untersucht. In der Gruppe zur Untersuchung der {\"U}berlebensrate und Migration wurden die M{\"a}use (n=18) 4 Wochen nach den BrdU-Injektionen get{\"o}tet. Im Proliferationsversuch wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied bei der Konzentration BrdU-markierter Zellkerne in der SGZ zwischen KO-M{\"a}usen im Vergleich zu WT-Tieren gefunden, wobei HET-M{\"a}use ebenfalls eine signifikant h{\"o}here Konzentration BrdU-markierter Zellkerne in der SGZ gegen{\"u}ber WT-M{\"a}usen zeigten. In diesem Experiment ist somit ein positiver Einfluss des heterozygoten und homozygoten 5-HTT-KO auf die Entstehungsrate neuer Zellen im GD des Hippocampus im Vergleich zu den WT-Tieren feststellbar. Im Versuch zur Feststellung der {\"U}berlebensrate neu gebildeter Zellen im Hippocampus nach vier Wochen zeigten KO-M{\"a}use gegen{\"u}ber WT- und HET-M{\"a}usen keine signifikant h{\"o}here Zahl BrdU-markierter Zellkerne. Auch bei der Untersuchung der Migration war beinahe die H{\"a}lfte der BrdU-markierten Zellen von der SGZ in die KZS eingewandert. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den verschiedenen 5-HTT-Genotypen zeigte sich nicht. Offenbar hat der heterozygote oder homozygote 5-HTT-KO keinen Einfluss auf die {\"U}berlebensrate und das Migrationsverhalten neu entstandener Zellen. Bei den in dieser Arbeit durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchungen zur aN in 5-HTT-KO-M{\"a}usen konnte weder bei der Gruppe zur Untersuchung der Proliferation von neuronalen Vorl{\"a}uferzellen noch bei der Untersuchung der {\"U}berlebensrate oder Migration eine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der ermittelten Konzentration BrdU-positiver Zellen vom Geschlecht oder Alter gefunden werden. Es zeigte sich jedoch eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen dem Gewicht der Tiere und dem Anteil gewanderter Zellen im Migrationsversuch, d.h. leichtere Tiere hatten tendenziell einen h{\"o}heren Anteil von in die KZS eingewanderten Zellen. Zusammengefasst zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit zum einen, dass {\"a}ltere KO- oder HET-M{\"a}use im Vergleich zu WT-Tieren eine erh{\"o}hte Proliferationsrate von neuronalen Vorl{\"a}uferzellen aufweisen. Zum anderen konnte ein indirekter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Gewicht der Versuchstiere und der Anzahl von in die KZS eingewanderten Zellen nachgewiesen werden. Bei einer Vergleichsuntersuchung in unserem Hause mit zwei Gruppen j{\"u}ngerer adulter 5-HTT-KO M{\"a}use mit einem Durchschnittalter von 7 Wochen und 3 Monaten konnte die Beobachtung einer erh{\"o}hten Proliferation nicht gemacht werden. Wir gehen deshalb davon aus, dass in diesem 5-HTT-KO Modell nur in h{\"o}herem Alter eine ver{\"a}nderte 5-HT-Hom{\"o}ostase zu einer verst{\"a}rkten Proliferation von neuronalen Vorl{\"a}uferzellen f{\"u}hrt.}, subject = {Neurogenese}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gerhards2009, author = {Gerhards, Stefan Gerd}, title = {Emotionale Belastung und Krankheitsverarbeitung bei Patienten mit chronischen Lebererkrankungen am Beispiel von chronischen Virus-Hepatitiden und autoimmunen Lebererkrankungen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38689}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Im Zentrum des forschungsleitenden Interesses stand die Fragestellung, ob es Unterschiede bez{\"u}glich des Auftretens und der Intensit{\"a}t von Angst bzw. Depression sowie k{\"o}rperlichen Beschwerden zwischen den Patientengruppen mit unterschiedlichen chronischen Lebererkrankungen (HBV, HCV, AIH) gibt. Die Bestimmung der Korrelation zwischen dem Fortschreiten der Lebererkrankung (von Hepatitis {\"u}ber Fibrose zu Zirrhose) und dem Ausmaß depressiver und {\"a}ngstlicher Symptomatik stand hierbei f{\"u}r alle drei Patientengruppen im Fokus des Interesses. Alle Patienten waren zum Erhebungszeitpunkt ohne spezifische medikament{\"o}se Behandlung aufgrund ihrer Lebererkrankung. Als sekund{\"a}res Studienziel sollte die Forschungsfrage beantwortet werden, ob die vier angewendeten verschiedenen psychometrischen Erhebungsinstrumente (HADS-D, SCL-90-R, IIP-C und SF-36) hier zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen f{\"u}hren oder ob die Verfahren gr{\"o}ßtenteils in ihren Ergebnissen {\"u}bereinstimmen. Auf der Grundlage der histologischen Daten konnte in der Subgruppe der Hepatitis-C-Patienten ein Zusammenhang zwischen Progression der Leberfibrose, depressiver Symptomatik und verminderter k{\"o}rperlicher Gesundheit dargestellt werden. Nur bei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion konnte ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang (r = 0,205) zwischen der Zeitdauer seit Mitteilung der Prim{\"a}rdiagnose und dem Ausmaß der depressiven Symptomatik festgestellt werden. Alle drei chronischen Lebererkrankungen waren dagegen mit erh{\"o}hten Angstwerten assoziiert: bei der Autoimmunhepatitis kam es in 21,4 \% der analysierten F{\"a}lle, bei der Hepatitis B in 13,9 \% und bei der Hepatitis C in 11,8 \% zu einer {\"U}berschreitung des Cutoff-Wertes mit klinisch relevanter Symptomauspr{\"a}gung. Dieser Prozentsatz f{\"a}llt in der Allgemeinbev{\"o}lkerung mit 5,7 \% deutlich geringer aus. Es fiel auf, dass die Angst mit zunehmend besseren Therapiem{\"o}glichkeiten der Grunderkrankung abnimmt. Lediglich in der Subgruppe der HBV-Infizierten war eine signifikant positive Korrelation der Variablen Angst bzw. {\"A}ngstlichkeit und Zeitraum seit Mitteilung der Diagnose zu verzeichnen (r = 0,388). Das eingesetzte psychiatrische Screeningverfahren (SCL-90-R) vermochte nicht zwischen den drei chronischen Lebererkrankungen zu differenzieren, zeigte jedoch eine deutlich erh{\"o}hte psychische Gesamtbelastung im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbev{\"o}lkerung. Die Gesamtbelastung war gr{\"o}ßer als beispielsweise bei Patienten nach Myokardinfarkt. Dagegen scheinen interpersonale Probleme gem{\"a}ß den vorgestellten Studienergebnissen bei keiner der drei hepatologischen Erkrankungen eine Rolle im Sinne einer Belastung mit Krankheitswert zu spielen. Bez{\"u}glich der erhobenen Lebensqualit{\"a}tsparamter (SF-36) zeigte sich ein deutlich messbarer Unterschied zwischen der psychischen und der physischen Gesamtbelastung. Hierbei war die psychische Belastung eindeutig im Vordergrund. Alle drei Patienten-Subgruppen zeigten in diesem Zusammenhang durchaus vergleichbare Resultate. Die Hepatitis-B-Gruppe gab insgesamt die gr{\"o}ßte mentale Belastung an, bei gleichzeitig gr{\"o}ßten k{\"o}rperlichen Schmerzen innerhalb der drei Gruppen. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass die gemessene psychische Gesamtbelastung der drei Erkrankungen deutlich {\"u}ber der der Allgemeinbev{\"o}lkerung liegt und vergleichbare Muster aufweist. Bei der chronischen HCV-Infektion zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang von Fibroseprogression, l{\"a}nger dauerndem Krankheitsbewusstsein und erh{\"o}hten Depressionswerten. Alle drei Erkrankungen f{\"u}hrten zu psychischen Auff{\"a}lligkeiten (z.B. bez{\"u}glich der erhobenen HADS-Scores): W{\"a}hrend die Depression bei den HCV-Patienten {\"u}berwog, war die Angst das dominierende Problem der AIH- und der HBV-Patienten. Bei letzteren w{\"a}ren mit Blick auf den weiterf{\"u}hrenden Forschungsbedarf erneute Studien anzustreben, die die Angst in den Fokus der Betrachtung stellen, da deren Auswirkung auf die Therapie nicht zu untersch{\"a}tzen ist. F{\"u}r die Klinik bedeutet dies, dass es w{\"u}nschenswert w{\"a}re, den neu erworbenen Wissensbestand bez{\"u}glich Depression und Angst der Patienten in Schulungen des klinischen Fachpersonals handlungsleitend zu integrieren und auf diesem Wege unter anderem einen Beitrag zu leisten, den Stigmatisierungstendenzen im Umgang mit den Erkrankungen entgegenzuwirken und die klinischen Betreuung weiter zu optimieren.}, subject = {TSD}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Langguth2009, author = {Langguth, Jan-Philipp}, title = {Pr{\"a}diktoren der generischen und krankheitsspezifischen Lebensqualit{\"a}t bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37153}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Lebensqualit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Finger2007, author = {Finger, Mathias Johannes}, title = {Adulte hippocampale Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27351}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Es existiert bereits eine Vielzahl von tierexperimentellen Studien bez{\"u}glich Einflussfaktoren auf die adulte Neurogenese. Nachdem die Teilungsf{\"a}higkeit von neuralen Stammzellen Ende der 1990er Jahre auch im adulten humanen Gehirn nachgewiesen wurde, war es das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, adulte Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen zu quantifizieren bzw. den Ein-fluss medikament{\"o}ser Therapien auf die adulte Neurogenese zu untersuchen. Diese Studie stellt dabei die bislang einzige Arbeit dar, die sich mit der humanen adulten Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen besch{\"a}ftigt. Mittels Doppelf{\"a}rbungen von Ki67 und BrdU an Mausgewebe wurde zun{\"a}chst nachgewiesen, dass das Ki67-Antigen ein zuverl{\"a}ssiger Marker f{\"u}r sich teilende Zellen ist, woraufhin die F{\"a}rbeprozedur problemlos auf Humangewebe {\"u}bertragen werden konnte. Die Quantifizierung von Ki67 positiven Zellen erfolgte entlang der K{\"o}rnerzellschicht in einem definierten Abstand in der Einheit Zellen pro Millimeter. Die Ergebnisse der hier vorliegenden Studie widersprechen in mehrfacher Hinsicht den Hypothesen, die sich aus tierexperimentellen Studien ergeben. W{\"a}hrend die neurale Stammzellproli-feration bei schizophrenen Psychosen signifikant vermindert ist, findet sich kein Unterschied bei affektiven Erkrankungen im Vergleich zu Kontrollen. Weder wird die „Neurogenese-Hypothese" der Depression best{\"a}tigt, noch zeigte sich ein Effekt antidepressiv oder antipsychotisch wirksamer Pharmaka auf die Rate adulter Neurogenese, da eine pharmakologische Therapie jedweder Art keinen Einfluss auf die Zahl Ki67 positiver Zellen hatte. Deshalb scheint eine Steigerung der adulten Neurogenese kein Wirkmechanismus dieser Medikamente zu sein. Ein {\"u}berraschendes Ergebnis jedoch ist die signifikant reduzierte Rate adulter Neurogenese bei an Schizophrenie erkrankten Patienten. Aufgrund der sehr begrenzten Anzahl untersuchter Patienten ist die vorliegende Studie in ihrer Aussagekraft jedoch eingeschr{\"a}nkt und muss daher an einem gr{\"o}ßeren Patientenkollektiv wiederholt werden. Eine Vielzahl von Fragen bzgl. des Stellenwerts der adulten Neurogenese bei psychischen Erkrankungen bleibt dar{\"u}ber hinaus weiter ungekl{\"a}rt, was die Durchf{\"u}hrung weiterer Studien am adulten humanen Gehirn verlangt.}, subject = {Neurogenese}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ullmann2007, author = {Ullmann, Birgit}, title = {Langzeiteffektivit{\"a}t acht Jahre nach Gastric banding-Operation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26985}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Bei morbider Adipositas (BMI > 40 kg/m²), von der in Deutschland 1,6\% der {\"u}bergewichtigen Frauen und 0,5\% der {\"u}bergewichtigen M{\"a}nner (BMI > 25 kg/m²) betroffen sind, erweisen sich f{\"u}r eine ausreichende und dauerhafte Gewichtsreduktion nur chirurgische Maßnahmen, wie z.B. laparoskopisches Gastric banding als effektiv. Allerdings fehlen Studien zur langfristigen Effektivit{\"a}t. In der vorliegenden Katamnesestudie zur Langzeiteffektivit{\"a}t von Gastric banding acht Jahre nach stattgefundener Operation wurden Ver{\"a}nderungen in Gewicht, depressiver Symptomatik, Selbstakzeptanz, Essverhalten und aufgetretene Komplikationen untersucht.}, subject = {Gastric banding}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wollner2007, author = {Wollner, Verena}, title = {Depression, Lebensqualit{\"a}t und {\"U}berlebenszeit bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26521}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Die vorliegende prospektive Studie hatte zum Ziel, den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und Mortalit{\"a}t einerseits und Lebensqualit{\"a}t und Mortalit{\"a}t andererseits bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz zu untersuchen. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden Determinanten f{\"u}r Depression und Lebensqualit{\"a}t untersucht. Eine konsekutive Kohorte von 231 ambulanten Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz wurde bei Studieneinschluss eingehend medizinisch untersucht und gebeten Frageb{\"o}gen bez{\"u}glich Lebensqualit{\"a}t (KCCQ und SF-36) und Depression (PHQ) zu beantworten. Die {\"U}berlebensdaten wurden 2 bis 4 Jahre nach Studieneinschluss erhoben. In der vorliegenden Studie konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Vorliegen einer Major Depression und einer k{\"u}rzeren {\"U}berlebenszeit nachgewiesen werden, der auch nach Kontrolle biomedizinischer prognostischer Faktoren bestand. Eine Minor Depression ging nicht mit einer k{\"u}rzeren {\"U}berlebenszeit einher. Ferner kamen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Schweregrad der NYHA-Klasse eine starke Determinante der Depression ist. Geschlecht, Alter und Ejektionsfraktion konnten nicht als Determinanten der Depression identifiziert werden. Auch die subjektiv empfundene Lebensqualit{\"a}t des Patienten steht im Zusammenhang mit der {\"U}berlebenszeit. Je h{\"o}her die Lebensqualit{\"a}t, desto geringer ist das Risiko f{\"u}r Mortalit{\"a}t. Als Pr{\"a}diktoren der Lebensqualit{\"a}t erwiesen sich Geschlecht, Alter, NYHA-Klasse und Depression, nicht jedoch die Ejektionsfraktion. Einschr{\"a}nkungen der Studie bestehen aufgrund der kleinen Stichprobe sowie des selektiven Patientenguts. M{\"o}gliche Mechanismen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und {\"U}berlebenszeit erkl{\"a}ren k{\"o}nnen, sind verminderte Compliance des depressiven Patienten sowie unter anderem eine Dysregulation immunologischer Abl{\"a}ufe. Zur kausalen Kl{\"a}rung des Zusammenhangs von Depression bzw. Lebensqualit{\"a}t und Mortalit{\"a}t bedarf es zuk{\"u}nftig vor allem randomisierter Interventionsstudien.}, subject = {PLC}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gawlik2007, author = {Gawlik, Micha}, title = {Assoziations- und Haplotypuntersuchung der Kandidatengene DAOA und FKBP5 bei Patienten mit manisch-depressiver Erkrankung, mit monopolarer Depression oder zykloider Psychose}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23798}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Studie sollte die Frage beantwortet werden, ob sich einzelne SNPs oder Haplotypen als biologische Marker affektiver Psychosen identifizieren lassen. Hierf{\"u}r sollten Assoziations- und Haplotypuntersuchung an zwei Kandidatengenen, FKBP5 und G72 DAOA/G30, mit unterschiedlichen pathophysiologischen Theorien, durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Das auf der Kortisolhypothese basierende Kandidatengen FKBP5 liegt auf dem Chromosom 6 p21 und stellt ein wichtiges Regulatorprotein f{\"u}r den Glukokortikoid- Rezeptor (GR) dar. In FKBP5 wurden drei SNPs mit einem schnelleren Ansprechen auf Antidepressiva assoziiert gefunden: rs4713916 in der vermuteten Promoterregion, rs1360780 im 2. Intron und rs3800373 im nicht translatiertem 3Ende (Binder et al. 2004). Die vorbeschriebenen Polymorphismen sollten in einem unabh{\"a}ngigen Kollektiv auf Assoziation mit affektiven Psychosen untersucht werden, um eine Rolle von FKBP5 bei der {\"A}tiopathogenese affektiver Psychosen zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen oder einen Einfluss auf verschiedene Variable des Krankheitsverlaufs zu best{\"a}tigen. In unserer Studie mit 248 F{\"a}llen und 188 Kontrollen unterschieden sich die untersuchten SNPs in FKBP5, rs4713916, rs1360780 und rs3800373 in ihrer Verteilung nicht bei Erkrankten und Gesunden. Den einzigen signifikanten Hinweis f{\"u}r eine Assoziation mit affektiven Erkrankungen bot der Risikophaplotyp G-C-G mit einer Odds Ratio von 6,4, der jedoch nur bei 2,1\% der F{\"a}lle vorkam. Auch zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang mit den untersuchten klinischen Parametern. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse k{\"o}nnen somit einen wesentlichen Beitrag von FKBP5 f{\"u}r die depressive Erkrankung nicht belegen. Es erscheint daher fraglich, ob Polymorphismen in FKBP5 als biologische Marker affektiver Psychosen dienen k{\"o}nnen. Das zweite Kandidatengen G72 DAOA /G30 war durch positive Kopplungsbefunde des chromosomalen Locus f{\"u}r die bipolare St{\"o}rung und schizophrenen Psychosen identifiziert worden. Neuere Befunde lassen einen Einfluss auf das glutamaterge Transmittersystem vermuten (Chumakov et al. 2002). Das Genprodukt von G72, D-Amino-Oxidase (DAOA) f{\"o}rdert die Oxidation von D-Serine durch D-Amino-Oxidase (DAO), was zum Beinamen D-Amino-Oxidase-Aktivator (DAOA) f{\"u}hrte. Da D-Serin ein wichtiger Aktivator des NMDA Glutamatrezeptors ist, k{\"o}nnte G72/DAOA einen wichtigen Faktor f{\"u}r die glutamatergen Signaltransduktion darstellen. Mehrfach wurde eine Assoziation von 69 Markern im Locus G72/G30 mit der bipolaren Depression aber auch schizophrenen Psychosen beschrieben (Detera-Wadleigh et al. 2006). In der Studie sollte eine m{\"o}gliche Assoziation von SNPs in G72/G30 mit der Erkrankung {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft und die vorbeschriebenen LD-Bl{\"o}cke am 5Ende von G72 n{\"a}her untersucht werden. Daf{\"u}r wurden sieben SNPs, die sich {\"u}ber den chromosomalen Locus von G72/G30 verteilen, bei 429 F{\"a}llen mit affektiven und zykloiden Psychosen und 188 Kontrollen, untersucht. Durch die LD-Analyse der untersuchten SNPs konnte die Ausdehnung der vorbeschriebenen LD-Bl{\"o}cke in G72 genauer definiert und rs9558575 dem 1. Block zugeordnet werden, der somit bis zum 5-Ende vom G72 reicht. Der SNP rs9558575 am 5- Ende vom G72 wurde erstmalig in dieser Studie untersucht. Trotz ad{\"a}quater Power (80\% bei \&\#945; = 0,05) erreichte kein Einzelmarker Signifikanzniveau (Tabelle 17). Dennoch zeigten sich Hinweise f{\"u}r eine Beteiligung von G72/G30 am Erkrankungsrisiko, insbesondere f{\"u}r den SNP rs2391191 bei den zykloiden Psychosen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus scheint der Risikohaplotyp rs2391191A / rs3916966C sowohl f{\"u}r die zykloiden Psychosen (p = 0,002), als auch f{\"u}r die Gesamtgruppe der Affektpsychosen (p = 0,017) ein geeigneter biologischer Marker zu sein. Die in der vorliegenden Studie gefundene Assoziation mit zykloiden Psychosen k{\"o}nnte dabei helfen, die Vorbefunde f{\"u}r G72/G30 als Risikogen sowohl f{\"u}r die bipolare Depression als auch schizophrenen Psychosen zu erkl{\"a}ren, da die zykloiden Psychosen nach IDC10 beiden Krankheitsentit{\"a}ten zugerechnet werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Eitel2007, author = {Eitel, Ingo}, title = {Psychovulnerabilit{\"a}t und Psychoprotektion bei Patienten einer psychotherapeutischen Ambulanz : Vergleich von depressiven und nicht-depressiven Patienten mit einer nicht-klinischen Kontrollgruppe}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-21263}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie sollte kl{\"a}ren in welchen Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsdimensionen sich depressive Patienten spezifisch von einer parallelisierten gesunden und klinischen Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden und welchen Einfluss die Pers{\"o}nlichkeit auf die Stimmung bei depressiven Patienten hat. Neben pers{\"o}nlichkeitsbezogenen Gegenwartsskalen wie sie in pers{\"o}nlichkeitspsychologischen Untersuchungen verwendet werden, kamen auch biographiebezogene Vergangenheitsvariablen zur Anwendung. Anhand der biographischen Variablen sollte untersucht werden, in welchem Zusammenhang Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsstrukturen und biographische Faktoren stehen und welchen Einfluss biographische Faktoren auf die Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und Stimmung von depressiven Patienten haben. Die klinische Studie umfasste 165 Versuchspersonen, aufgeteilt in 55 gesunde Probanden, 55 Patienten mit der Diagnose einer „Major Depression", definiert nach DSM-IV und 55 psychisch kranke, jedoch nicht depressive Patienten (DSM-IV: Anpassungsst{\"o}rungen, Schlafst{\"o}rungen, Angstst{\"o}rungen). Die Patienten befanden sich im Zeitraum von 2000-2003 in ambulant psychiatrischer Behandlung. Das Aufnahmekriterium in die Studie war die Diagnose einer „Major depression" nach DSM-IV. Die Kontrollgruppen wurden entsprechend der Hauptgruppe parallelisiert nach: 1. Geschlecht, 2. Alter (+/- 5 Jahre), 3. Schulbildung oder ausge{\"u}bter Beruf. Bei der Datenanalyse des Fragebogen f{\"u}r Psychovulnerabilit{\"a}t und Psychoprotektion (FPVP) mittels unterschiedlichen statistischen Verfahren fiel auf, dass sich die Patienten (depressive und sonstige psychisch kranke Patienten) deutlich von der gesunden Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden. Neurotizismus (NE) ist dabei der Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsfaktor, der bei den Patienten im Unterschied zu den Gesunden besonders ausgepr{\"a}gt ist. Entgegen der h{\"a}ufig postulierten Unspezifit{\"a}t der Beziehung zwischen Neurotizismus (NE) und psychischer St{\"o}rung, zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie den Zusammenhang differenzierter, da eine statistisch signifikante Trennung der beiden klinischen Gruppen (depressive und sonstige psychisch kranke Patienten) anhand der Dimension Neurotizismus (NE) m{\"o}glich war. Neben der Skala Neurotizismus (NE) zeigten sich auch in den Skalen Arbeitsbezogenheit (AB), Zielgerichtetheit (ZG), Desorganisation (DO) und Kindliches Kontaktverhalten (KI) spezifische Skalenwertunterschiede zwischen den depressiven und sonstigen psychisch kranken Patienten. Die Skalen Rigidit{\"a}t (RI) und Idealit{\"a}t (ID) im Sinne des Typus melancholicus, stellten keine spezifischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmale von unipolar depressiven Patienten dar. Wir gehen daher wie Kronm{\"u}ller et al. (2002a, b) von einer st{\"o}rungstypischen, nicht jedoch st{\"o}rungsspezifischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsstruktur im Sinne des Typus melancholicus bei Patienten mit Major Depression aus. Die empirisch aufgefundenen Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen FPVP- und EWL-Skalen best{\"a}tigten weitgehend die aufgrund von inhaltlichen Hinweisen entwickelte These von den psychoprotektiven bzw. psychovulnerablen Qualit{\"a}ten der einzelnen FPVP-Skalen. Dar{\"u}berhinaus zeigte sich ein Einfluß von Pers{\"o}nlichkeits- bzw. biographischen Variabeln auf Stimmung und Befindlichkeit. Zusammenfassend assoziieren sich negativ zu wertende Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariable mit negativ erlebten Befindlichkeitsvariablen und positiv zu wertende Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariable mit positiv erlebten Befindlichkeits-variablen, d.h. es besteht eine Verbindung von eher {\"u}berdauernden Eigenschaften der Pers{\"o}nlichkeit mit eher verg{\"a}nglichen Erlebensweisen. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie, dass neben Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmalen auch die Biographie ein wichtiger Vulnerabilit{\"a}ts-faktor einer Depression ist. Die Biographie scheint dabei ihre pathogene Wirkung u.a. {\"u}ber die Pers{\"o}nlichkeit zu entfalten. Insbesondere die biographische Skala Prim{\"a}rsozialisation (PS) im Sinne einer ung{\"u}nstigen Prim{\"a}rsozialisation (PS) zeigt bei den depressiven Patienten starke Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit den Skalen Neurotizismus (NE) und Zielgerichtetheit (ZG). Auch anhand der Vorhersage der aktuellen Stimmung von Depressiven zeigt sich die Bedeutung der Skala Prim{\"a}rsozialisation (PS), die in der depressiven Gruppe v.a. eine negative Befindlichkeit mit den Aspekten Emotionale Gereiztheit und Angst vorhersagt. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Meinungen in der Literatur sind weitere empirische Studien zur Objektivierung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Biographie, Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und Stimmung bei Depressiven n{\"o}tig.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{GiraldoVelasquez2004, author = {Giraldo Vel{\´a}squez, Kathrin Christine}, title = {Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen von Multiple-Sklerose-Patienten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16689}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In einer Querschnitt- und einer L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchung an insgesamt 95 Multiple Sklerose Patienten wurden in einem semistrukturierten Interview Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen (KUV) erfragt. Mit dem BDI wurde die Depressivit{\"a}t erfasst. Im L{\"a}ngsschnitt wurden 24 neu-diagnostizierte Patienten zu drei Zeitpunkten befragt: Gleich im Anschluss (max. 24 Stunden) an die Diagnoseer{\"o}ffnung, nach 6 Wochen und nach 6 Monaten. Etwa die H{\"a}lfte aller Patienten {\"a}ußerten subjektive Ursachenvorstellungen zu ihrer Erkrankung. In der L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie zeigte sich eine Zunahme der Patienten mit Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen, die nach sechs Monaten ebenfalls 50\% erreichten. Inhaltlich konnten zw{\"o}lf Hauptthemen herausgearbeitet werden: Umweltfaktoren, Veranlagung, Strafe, somatische Vorerkrankung, psychische Erkrankung, Schwangerschaft, {\"U}beranstrengung, St{\"o}rung des Immunsystems, labile Pers{\"o}nlichkeit, Stress, Sorgen und {\"A}ngste, schlechte Kindheit. Patienten mit Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen unterschieden sich weder durch allgemein soziodemographische noch durch krankheitsspezifische Daten. Sie waren jedoch signifikant depressiver. F{\"u}r die weitere Analyse erfolgte eine Aufteilung der Patienten nach der Art ihrer subjektiven Vorstellung in zwei polare Gruppen mit internal-psychischer versus external-k{\"o}rperlicher KUV. Dabei ließ sich zeigen, dass nicht das Vorhandensein von subjektiven Theorien als solches bereits mit h{\"o}herer Depressivit{\"a}t einhergeht. Vielmehr sind es allein die Patienten mit internal-psychischen Kausalattributionen, die zu h{\"o}heren Werten auf der Depressionsskala beitragen. Patienten mit eher external-k{\"o}rperlichen Erkl{\"a}rungsmodellen waren tendenziell sogar weniger depressiv als Patienten ohne KUV. Auch im L{\"a}ngsschnitt erfolgte zun{\"a}chst analog die Inhaltsanalyse, wobei im Wesentlichen {\"a}hnliche Inhaltskategorien gefunden wurden. Anschließend werden die Entwicklung, Dynamik und Konstanz von subjektiven Theorien anhand von Einzelverl{\"a}ufen untersucht: Zehn Patienten hatten nie Krankheitsursachen-Vorstellungen, sieben entwickelten sie erst im Untersuchungszeitraum, sechs hatten Vorstellungen von Anfang an, wobei drei davon einen inhaltlichen Wechsel vollzogen. Als Funktion dieser subjektiven Theorien konnte in zwei F{\"a}llen eine komplette Krankheitsverleugnung aufgezeigt werden, in vier F{\"a}llen erf{\"u}llten die Ursachenvorstellungen Kontrollfunktionen f{\"u}r die Erkrankung. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse im Kontext des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes diskutiert sowie Probleme der Studie methodenkritisch analysiert. Die Bedeutung von internal-psychischen KUV als m{\"o}glicher Indikator f{\"u}r Patienten mit Problemen in der Krankheitsverarbeitung wird hervorgehoben. Hieraus werden Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r weiterf{\"u}hrende Forschungen sowie f{\"u}r die klinische Betreuung dieser Patienten abgeleitet.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lamprecht2006, author = {Lamprecht, Thorsten}, title = {Die NoGo-Anteriorisierung (NGA) im Verlauf einer Depression und ihr Wert als eventueller Pr{\"a}diktor f{\"u}r einen Behandlungserfolg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16679}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Depressionen sind Erkrankungen, die mit vielf{\"a}ltigen pathophysiologischen Ver{\"a}nderungen einhergehen. So konnte mit Hilfe der funktionellen Bildgebung unter anderem eine verringerte Aktivit{\"a}t im dorsolateralen und dorsomedialen Pr{\"a}frontalkortex und im anterioren Cingulum (ACC) festgestellt werden. Dabei zeigen depressive Patienten, die im rostralen ACC (Brodmann-Areal 24) hypermetabolisch waren, ein besseres Therapieansprechen als in diesem Areal hypometabolische Personen. Da der ACC maßgeblich f{\"u}r die Generierung des elektrophysiologischen Ph{\"a}nomens der NoGo-Anteriorisierung (NGA) verantwortlich ist, k{\"o}nnte diese ein Marker f{\"u}r ein eventuelles Therapieansprechen sein. Dies wurde an 28 depressiven Patienten getestet, indem bei ihnen bei station{\"a}rer Aufnahme und nach Teilremission der depressiven Symptomatik die NGA bestimmt wurde. Hierbei konnte keine positive Korrelation zwischen initialer NGA und Depressivit{\"a}tsverbesserung, gemessen mittels HamD und BDI, nachgewiesen werden. Insofern scheint die NGA als elektrophysiologischer Marker kein geeigneter Parameter f{\"u}r die Vorhersagbarkeit eines Therapieansprechens im Rahmen einer depressiven Erkrankung zu sein.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fuchs2004, author = {Fuchs, Isabella}, title = {Einfluss von eigener Krebserkrankung und Krankheitserfahrungen in der Familie auf Angst und Depression beim heredit{\"a}ren Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-12195}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, emotionale Faktoren vor der Inanspruchnahme einer Tumorrisikosprechstunde bei Frauen und M{\"a}nnern mit einem erh{\"o}hten Brustkrebs- und/ oder Eierstockkrebsrisiko zu untersuchen. In diesem Zusammenhang sollen biomedizinische, anamnestische und soziodemographische Pr{\"a}diktoren gepr{\"u}ft werden, die einen Einfluss auf die psychische Befindlichkeit dieser gesunden oder bereits erkrankten Ratsuchenden aus Hochrisikofamilien haben k{\"o}nnten. Die Untersuchung verfolgt im einzelnen folgende Fragestellungen: Unterscheiden sich erkrankte Mitglieder und gesunde Angeh{\"o}rige aus Hochrisikofamilien hinsichtlich der Auspr{\"a}gung ihrer emotionalen Belastung? Welchen Einfluss haben medizinische bzw. klinische Variablen auf die emotionale Befindlichkeit bei Brustkrebspatientinnen? Gibt es Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen bestimmten anamnestischen Faktoren und krebsspezifischer Angst bei gesunden Frauen aus Risikofamilien? Bestehen Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen soziodemographischen Variablen und der emotionalen Befindlichkeit? Im Zeitraum von 1997 bis 1999 wurden im „Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Zentrum f{\"u}r famili{\"a}ren Brustkrebs" (Humangenetik, Gyn{\"a}kologie, Psychoonkologie) in W{\"u}rzburg 179 Ratsuchende im Alter zwischen 13 und 71 Jahren (M=42, s=12) beraten. Davon waren 72 Personen anamnestisch an Brust- oder Eierstockkrebs erkrankt, 107 Personen waren gesunde Angeh{\"o}rige aus Hochrisikofamilien. Das Alter der Erkrankten lag durchschnittlich h{\"o}her. Das Patientenklientel setzte sich zu 95,5\% aus weiblichen Teilnehmerinnen zusammen. Die Mehrzahl der Probanden war zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt verheiratet oder lebte in einer festen Partnerschaft. Die Erhebung s{\"a}mtlicher Daten erfolgte vor der Erstberatung zum Zeitpunkt der Inanspruchnahme der Tumorrisikosprechstunde. Neben der Erfassung medizinischer Daten anhand eines gyn{\"a}kologischen und biomedizinischen Erhebungsbogens wurden die Studienteilnehmer gebeten, einen umfassenden Fragenkatalog zu beantworten. F{\"u}r die vorliegende Arbeit wurden die Variablenbereiche Risikowahrnehmung und krebsspezifische Angst, seelisches Befinden sowie einige soziodemographische Daten erfasst und in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Studie wurde als kontrollierte Querschnittsuntersuchung konzipiert, um die emotionale Befindlichkeit zum Zeitpunkt der klinischen Vorstellung zu erfassen. Hinsichtlich des psychologisch-orientierten Fragebogenteils kam die deutsche Version der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) von Herrmann et al. (1995) zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der zentralen Frage nach der Auspr{\"a}gung der psychologischen Merkmale Angst, Depressivit{\"a}t und krebsspezifischer Erkrankungsfurcht zeigten, dass sowohl Angst- als auch Depressivit{\"a}tswerte im Vergleich zu einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe durchschnittlich h{\"o}her lagen. Ebenso finden sich in unserer Studie mehr Personen mit klinisch auff{\"a}lligen Werten. Im Vergleich der beiden Subgruppen (Erkrankte vs. Gesunde) untereinander ergab sich hinsichtlich der psychosozialen Variablen kein signifikanter Unterschied, ebenso wenig ein Zusammenhang zwischen Risikostatus (definiert durch die H{\"a}ufigkeitsangabe aller erkrankten Angeh{\"o}rigen innerhalb einer Familie) und emotionaler Befindlichkeit. Bei den Brustkrebspatientinnen zeigte sich, dass das Erkrankungsstadium sowie die Art der Therapie keinen Effekt auf Angst, Depressivit{\"a}t und krebsspezifische Angst haben. Betroffene, deren Erstdiagnose l{\"a}nger als 5 Jahre zur{\"u}cklag, scheinen allerdings signifikant weniger krebsspezifisch {\"a}ngstlich zu sein als diejenigen, die in den letzten 5 Jahren ihre Diagnose erfahren hatten. In der Stichprobe der gesunden Frauen aus Hochrisikofamilien ließen sich weder bei eigener Symptomwahrnehmung (benigne Mammaerkrankungen) noch bei anamnestisch bekanntem Tod der erkrankten Mutter h{\"o}here Werte krebsspezifischer Erkrankungsfurcht nachweisen. Die genannten Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Forschung sowie unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der methodischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen der vorliegenden Studie diskutiert. Dass sich in der Stichprobe eine Subgruppe von psychisch stark belasteten Frauen findet, legt den Bedarf einer spezifischen psychologischen Beratung und Intervention nahe sowie generell die Einbeziehung von psychosozialen und emotionalen Aspekten im Rahmen einer genetischen Beratung.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Raff2004, author = {Raff, Kerstin}, title = {Krankeitsverarbeitung und emotionales Befinden bei Patienten mit chronisch lymphatischer Leuk{\"a}mie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10524}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Es wurden 36 Patienten mit chronisch lymphatischer Leuk{\"a}mie zu Krankheitsverarbeitung und emotionalem Befinden befragt. Schwerpunktm{\"a}ßig wurden diesen Themen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Alter und k{\"o}rperlichem Befinden untersucht.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Milnik2002, author = {Milnik, Alexander}, title = {Depressivit{\"a}t bei Patienten mit akuter Leuk{\"a}mie oder hochmalignem Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4875}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2002}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchung wurde die depressive Symptomatik von 40 Patienten mit akuter Leuk{\"a}mie oder hochmalignem Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom innerhalb der ersten sechs Monaten nach Diagnosestellung untersucht. Alle Patienten erhielten eine Chemotherapie. Die vorliegende Untersuchung erstreckte sich {\"u}ber insgesamt f{\"u}nf Befragungen: T 1 = ein bis drei Tage nach Diagnosestellung, T 2 = in der Aplasiephase des ersten Chemotherapiezyklus, T 3 = zu Beginn des dritten Chemotherapiezyklus, T 4 = in der Aplasiephase des dritten Chemotherapiezyklus, T 5 = sechs Monate nach Diagnosestellung. Die Einsch{\"a}tzung der depressiven Symptomatik erfolgte mit Hilfe der extrahierten Subskala „Depressivit{\"a}t" aus der deutschen Version der revidierten Symptom-Checkliste 90 (SCL-90-R) von Derogatis. Des Weiteren wurden die k{\"o}rperlichen Beschwerden der Probanden mit einem eigens f{\"u}r die vorliegende Studie konzipierten Instrument zu jedem Messzeitpunkt erfasst. Zus{\"a}tzlich erfolgte zu den einzelnen Erhebungen eine Evaluation der Prognose der Erkrankung im Rahmen eines vom Arzt auszuf{\"u}llenden Fragebogens. Die Resultate unserer Studie zeigten eine hochsignifikante Zunahme der Depressivit{\"a}t vom Erstinterview (T 1) zum zweiten Erhebungszeitpunkt (T 2), im Durchschnitt 11 Tage sp{\"a}ter in der Phase der Aplasie des ersten Chemotherapiezyklus. Das Ausmaß der Depressivit{\"a}t war zu Beginn des dritten Chemotherapiezyklus (T 3), durchschnittlich drei Monate nach Erstdiagnose, gegen{\"u}ber dem zweiten Messzeitpunkt (T 2) unver{\"a}ndert. Der Auspr{\"a}gungsgrad der Depressivit{\"a}t zu T 3 unterschied sich zudem weder von dem Level der depressiven Symptomatik in der entsprechenden Isolationsphase (T 4) noch von dem Ausmaß der Depressivit{\"a}t sechs Monate nach Diagnosestellung (T 5). Auch fr{\"u}here Arbeiten beschrieben eine signifikante Zunahme der Depressivit{\"a}t nach Diagnosestellung. Die Erhebungsintervalle lagen dabei ein bis drei Monate auseinander. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Studien wurden in unserer Untersuchung mitunter sehr kurze Zeitabschnitte (ca. ein bis zwei Wochen) zwischen zwei Erhebungszeitpunkten gew{\"a}hlt. Hierdurch konnten wir erstmalig eine hochsignifikante Zunahme der Depressivit{\"a}t bereits innerhalb weniger Tage nach Diagnosestellung feststellen. Medizinische, soziodemographische und somatische Faktoren zeigten nur wenige Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit der depressiven Symptomatik unserer Patienten. Die Ergebnisse zur Ver{\"a}nderung der Depressivit{\"a}t im Verlauf k{\"o}nnen nicht auf der Basis der hier erfassten medizinischen und somatischen Faktoren oder durch rein aplasiespezifische Umst{\"a}nde erkl{\"a}rt werden. Die Ver{\"a}nderung des Ausmaßes der Depressivit{\"a}t wird eher als Folge einer Modulation des Coping- und Abwehrverhaltens w{\"a}hrend des Krankheits- und Behandlungsverlaufes mit konsekutiver {\"A}nderung des emotionalen Befindens interpretiert.}, language = {de} }