@phdthesis{CardosoBarato2010,
  author    = {Cardoso Barato, Andre},
  title     = {Nonequilibrium phase transitions and surface growth},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50122},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This thesis is concerned with the statistical physics of various systems far from thermal equilibrium, focusing on universal critical properties, scaling laws and the role of fluctuations. To this end we study several models which serve as paradigmatic examples, such as surface growth and non-equilibrium wetting as well as phase transitions into absorbing states. As a particular interesting example of a model with a non-conventional scaling behavior, we study a simplified model for pulsed laser deposition by rate equations and Monte Carlo simulations. We consider a set of equations, where islands are assumed to be point-like, as well as an improved one that takes the size of the islands into account. The first set of equations is solved exactly but its predictive power is restricted to the first few pulses. The improved set of equations is integrated numerically, is in excellent agreement with simulations, and fully accounts for the crossover from continuous to pulsed deposition. Moreover, we analyze the scaling of the nucleation density and show numerical results indicating that a previously observed logarithmic scaling does not apply. In order to understand the impact of boundaries on critical phenomena, we introduce particle models displaying a boundary-induced absorbing state phase transition. These are one-dimensional systems consisting of a single site (the boundary) where creation and annihilation of particles occur, while particles move diffusively in the bulk. We study different versions of these models and confirm that, except for one exactly solvable bosonic variant exhibiting a discontinuous transition with trivial exponents, all the others display a non-trivial behavior, with critical exponents differing from their mean-field values, representing a universality class. We show that these systems are related to a \$(0+1)\$-dimensional non-Markovian model, meaning that in nonequilibrium a phase transition can take place even in zero dimensions, if time long-range interactions are considered. We argue that these models constitute the simplest universality class of phase transition into an absorbing state, because the transition is induced by the dynamics of a single site. Moreover, this universality class has a simple field theory, corresponding to a zero dimensional limit of direct percolation with L{\'e}vy flights in time. Another boundary phenomena occurs if a nonequilibrium growing interface is exposed to a substrate, in this case a nonequilibrium wetting transition may take place. This transition can be studied through Langevin equations or discrete growth models. In the first case, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, which defines a very robust universality class for nonequilibrium moving interfaces, is combined with a soft-wall potential. While in the second, microscopic models, in the corresponding universality class, with evaporation and deposition of particles in the presence of hard-wall are studied. Equilibrium wetting is related to a particular case of the problem, corresponding to the Edwards-Wilkinson equation with a potential in the continuum approach or to the fulfillment of detailed balance in the microscopic models. In this thesis we present the analytical and numerical methods used to investigate the problem and the very rich behavior that is observed with them. The entropy production for a Markov process with a nonequilibrium stationary state is expected to give a quantitative measure of the distance form equilibrium. In the final chapter of this thesis, we consider a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface and investigate how entropy production varies with the interface velocity and its dependence on the interface slope, which are quantities that characterize how far the stationary state of the interface is away from equilibrium. We obtain results in agreement with the idea that the entropy production gives a measure of the distance from equilibrium. Moreover we use the same model to study fluctuation relations. The fluctuation relation is a symmetry in the large deviation function associated to the probability of the variation of entropy during a fixed time interval. We argue that the entropy and height are similar quantities within the model we consider and we calculate the Legendre transform of the large deviation function associated to the height for small systems. We observe that there is no fluctuation relation for the height, nevertheless its large deviation function is still symmetric.},
  subject      = {Nichtgleichgewichtsstatistik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenchiahSchloemerkemper2012,
  author    = {Chenchiah, Isaac and Schl{\"o}merkemper, Anja},
  title     = {Non-laminate microstructures in monoclinic-I martensite},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72134},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {We study the symmetrised rank-one convex hull of monoclinic-I martensite (a twelve-variant material) in the context of geometrically-linear elasticity. We construct sets of T3s, which are (non-trivial) symmetrised rank-one convex hulls of 3-tuples of pairwise incompatible strains. Moreover we construct a five-dimensional continuum of T3s and show that its intersection with the boundary of the symmetrised rank-one convex hull is four-dimensional. We also show that there is another kind of monoclinic-I martensite with qualitatively different semi-convex hulls which, so far as we know, has not been experimentally observed. Our strategy is to combine understanding of the algebraic structure of symmetrised rank-one convex cones with knowledge of the faceting structure of the convex polytope formed by the strains.},
  subject      = {Martensit},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Boariu2014,
  author    = {Boariu, Florin Loredan},
  title     = {The "Hidden-Order" Phase Transition of URu2Si2 : Investigated by Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-98259},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In 1985, an enigmatic second order phase transition was discovered in the actinide compound URu2Si2. Evading a microscopic description for nearly three decades in spite of numerous experimental and theoretical attempts, the name "hidden order Transition" was adopted for the effect. (...)},
  subject      = {Actinoide},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mauerer2015,
  author    = {Mauerer, Tobias},
  title     = {Ladungsdichtemodulationen an unterschiedlichen Probensystemen: Chrom auf Wolfram(110), Iridiumditellurid und Eisen auf Rhodium(001)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120322},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden mit einem Rastertunnelmikroskop (RTM) Ladungsdichtemodulationen (LDM) auf Oberfl{\"a}chen von drei verschiedenen Probensystemen untersucht. Bei den Proben handelt es sich um Chrom auf Wolfram(110), Iridiumditellurid (IrTe2) als Volumenmaterial und Eisen auf Rhodium(001). Es werden sowohl die Temperaturabh{\"a}ngigkeit der Phasen{\"u}berg{\"a}nge als auch die Wechselwirkung zwischen magnetischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften analysiert. Chrom (Cr) ist ein einfaches {\"U}bergangsmetall, in dem sowohl eine klassische Ladungsdichtewelle (LDW) als auch eine Spindichtewelle (SDW) auftreten. Die im Experiment betrachteten Cr-Inseln auf Wolfram(110) schlagen eine Br{\"u}cke zwischen dem Volumenmaterial und ultrad{\"u}nnen Schichten. Dabei zeigt sich der Zusammenhang zwischen elektronischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften in der Ausbildung einer LDW-L{\"u}cke und dem gleichzeitigen Verschwinden des magnetischen Kontrastes bei lokalen Schichtdicken von dCr =� 4nm. Dies kann durch eine Rotation des Spindichtewellenvektors Q erkl{\"a}rt werden. F{\"u}r dCr <� 3nm verschwindet die LDW erneut. Zus{\"a}tzlich zur LDW und SDW entsteht aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Gitterparameter von Chrom und Wolfram bei lokalen Schichtdicken von dCr � < 3nm eine Moir{\´e}-{\"U}berstruktur. IrTe2 ist Gegenstand zahlreicher aktueller Forschungsaktivit{\"a}ten und weist eine LDM mit gleichzeitiger Transformation des atomaren Gitters auf. Ein Phasen{\"u}bergang erster Ordnung erzeugt zun{\"a}chst bei der {\"U}bergangstemperatur TC =� 275K eine Modulation mit dem Wellenvektor q = 1/5(1, 1, 0). Mithilfe temperaturabh{\"a}ngiger RTM-Messungen kann das Phasendiagramm um einen weiteren {\"U}bergang erster Ordnung bei TS � = 180K erweitert werden. Dabei bilden sich zunehmend Te-Dimere an der sichtbaren (001)-Oberfl{\"a}che und IrTe2 wechselt in einen Grundzustand mit maximaler Dichte von Dimeren und dem Wellenvektor q = 1/6(1, 1, 0). Der Mechanismus beider Phasen{\"u}berg{\"a}nge wird durch die Probenqualit{\"a}t und die Oberfl{\"a}chenpr{\"a}paration beeinflusst, sodass die Phasen{\"u}berg{\"a}nge erster Ordnung teilweise verlangsamt ablaufen. Durch eine Analyse der Oberfl{\"a}chendynamik am Phasen{\"u}bergang kann der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus des Dom{\"a}nenwachstums im Realraum untersucht werden. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit werden ultrad{\"u}nne Eisenfilme auf Rhodium(001) betrachtet. Dabei treten auf der Doppellage Eisen (Fe) auf Rhodium (Rh) spannungsabh{\"a}ngige elektronische Modulationen mit senkrecht zueinander orientierten Wellenvektoren q1 = [(0, 30 ± 0, 03), 0, 0] und q2 = [0, (0, 30 ± 0, 03), 0] in Richtung [100] und [010] auf. Temperaturabh{\"a}ngige Messungen zeigen die stetige Verkleinerung der Modulation beim Erw{\"a}rmen der Probe und somit einen Phasen{\"u}bergang zweiter Ordnung. Die LDM tritt auch auf der dritten und vierten Lage Eisen mit gleichgerichteten aber kleineren Wellenvektoren q auf. Spinpolarisierte RTM-Daten zeigen einen c(2×2)-Antiferromagnetismus auf einer Monolage Eisen. F{\"u}r Fe-Bedeckungen von 1ML � - 5ML tritt Ferromagnetismus perpendikular zur Oberfl{\"a}che auf. Diese Messungen zeigen erstmals gleichzeitiges Auftreten einer elektronischen und magnetischen Phase in einem reinen 3d-{\"U}bergangsmetall im Realraum.},
  subject      = {Ladungsdichtewelle},
  language  = {de}
}