@article{D'AndreaSoriaGrotenhuisetal.2021, author = {D'Andrea, David and Soria, Francesco and Grotenhuis, Anne J. and Cha, Eugene K. and Malats, Nuria and Di Stasi, Savino and Joniau, Steven and Cai, Tommaso and Rhijn, Bas W. G. van and Irani, Jaques and Karnes, Jeffrey and Varkarakis, John and Baniel, Jack and Palou, Joan and Babjuk, Marek and Spahn, Martin and Ardelt, Peter and Colombo, Renzo and Serretta, Vincenzo and Dalbagni, Guido and Gontero, Paolo and Bartoletti, Riccardo and Larr{\´e}, Stephane and Malmstrom, Per-Uno and Sylvester, Richard and Shariat, Shahrokh F.}, title = {Association of patients' sex with treatment outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu{\´e}rin immunotherapy for T1G3/HG bladder cancer}, series = {World Journal of Urology}, volume = {39}, journal = {World Journal of Urology}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1007/s00345-021-03653-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-344486}, pages = {3337-3344}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose To investigate the association of patients' sex with recurrence and disease progression in patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu{\´e}rin (BCG) for T1G3/HG urinary bladder cancer (UBC). Materials and methods We analyzed the data of 2635 patients treated with adjuvant intravesical BCG for T1 UBC between 1984 and 2019. We accounted for missing data using multiple imputations and adjusted for covariate imbalance between males and females using inverse probability weighting (IPW). Crude and IPW-adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with their 95\% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of patients' sex with HG-recurrence and disease progression. Results A total of 2170 (82\%) males and 465 (18\%) females were available for analysis. Overall, 1090 (50\%) males and 244 (52\%) females experienced recurrence, and 391 (18\%) males and 104 (22\%) females experienced disease progression. On IPW-adjusted Cox regression analyses, female sex was associated with disease progression (HR 1.25, 95\%CI 1.01-1.56, p = 0.04) but not with recurrence (HR 1.06, 95\%CI 0.92-1.22, p = 0.41). A total of 1056 patients were treated with adequate BCG. In these patients, on IPW-adjusted Cox regression analyses, patients' sex was not associated with recurrence (HR 0.99, 95\%CI 0.80-1.24, p = 0.96), HG-recurrence (HR 1.00, 95\%CI 0.78-1.29, p = 0.99) or disease progression (HR 1.12, 95\%CI 0.78-1.60, p = 0.55). Conclusion Our analysis generates the hypothesis of a differential response to BCG between males and females if not adequately treated. Further studies should focus on sex-based differences in innate and adaptive immune system and their association with BCG response.}, language = {en} } @article{AltieriLaSalviaModicaetal.2023, author = {Altieri, Barbara and La Salvia, Anna and Modica, Roberta and Marciello, Francesca and Mercier, Olaf and Filosso, Pier Luigi and de Latour, Bertrand Richard and Giuffrida, Dario and Campione, Severo and Guggino, Gianluca and Fadel, Elie and Papotti, Mauro and Colao, Annamaria and Scoazec, Jean-Yves and Baudin, Eric and Faggiano, Antongiulio}, title = {Recurrence-free survival in early and locally advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung after complete tumor resection}, series = {Journal of Personalized Medicine}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Personalized Medicine}, number = {2}, issn = {2075-4426}, doi = {10.3390/jpm13020330}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304000}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background: Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Data on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early and locally advanced pure LCNEC after complete resection (R0) are lacking. This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in this subgroup of patients and to identify potential prognostic markers. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study including patients with pure LCNEC stage I-III and R0 resection. Clinicopathological characteristics, RFS, and disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: 39 patients (M:F = 26:13), with a median age of 64 years (44-83), were included. Lobectomy (69.2\%), bilobectomy (5.1\%), pneumonectomy (18\%), and wedge resection (7.7\%) were performed mostly associated with lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant therapy included platinum-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in 58.9\% of cases. After a median follow-up of 44 (4-169) months, the median RFS was 39 months with 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS rates of 60.0\%, 54.6\%, and 44.9\%, respectively. Median DSS was 72 months with a 1-, 2- and 5-year rate of 86.8, 75.9, and 57.4\%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, age (cut-off 65 years old) and pN status were independent prognostic factors for both RFS (HR = 4.19, 95\%CI = 1.46-12.07, p = 0.008 and HR = 13.56, 95\%CI 2.45-74.89, p = 0.003, respectively) and DSS (HR = 9.30, 95\%CI 2.23-38.83, p = 0.002 and HR = 11.88, 95\%CI 2.28-61.84, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: After R0 resection of LCNEC, half of the patients recurred mostly within the first two years of follow-up. Age and lymph node metastasis could help to stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{TraubOttoSelletal.2022, author = {Traub, Jan and Otto, Markus and Sell, Roxane and G{\"o}pfert, Dennis and Homola, Gy{\"o}rgy and Steinacker, Petra and Oeckl, Patrick and Morbach, Caroline and Frantz, Stefan and Pham, Mirko and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Stoll, Guido and Frey, Anna}, title = {Serum phosphorylated tau protein 181 and neurofilament light chain in cognitively impaired heart failure patients}, series = {Alzheimer's Research \& Therapy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Alzheimer's Research \& Therapy}, doi = {10.1186/s13195-022-01087-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300515}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Chronic heart failure (HF) is known to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia significantly. Thus, detecting and preventing mild cognitive impairment, which is common in patients with HF, is of great importance. Serum biomarkers are increasingly used in neurological disorders for diagnostics, monitoring, and prognostication of disease course. It remains unclear if neuronal biomarkers may help detect cognitive impairment in this high-risk population. Also, the influence of chronic HF and concomitant renal dysfunction on these biomarkers is not well understood. Methods Within the monocentric Cognition.Matters-HF study, we quantified the serum levels of phosphorylated tau protein 181 (pTau) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) of 146 extensively phenotyped chronic heart failure patients (aged 32 to 85 years; 15.1\% women) using ultrasensitive bead-based single-molecule immunoassays. The clinical work-up included advanced cognitive testing and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Serum concentrations of NfL ranged from 5.4 to 215.0 pg/ml (median 26.4 pg/ml) and of pTau from 0.51 to 9.22 pg/ml (median 1.57 pg/ml). We detected mild cognitive impairment (i.e., T-score < 40 in at least one cognitive domain) in 60\% of heart failure patients. pTau (p = 0.014), but not NfL, was elevated in this group. Both NfL (ρ = - 0.21; p = 0.013) and pTau (ρ = - 0.25; p = 0.002) related to the cognitive domain visual/verbal memory, as well as white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral and hippocampal atrophy. In multivariable analysis, both biomarkers were independently influenced by age (T = 4.6 for pTau; T = 5.9 for NfL) and glomerular filtration rate (T = - 2.4 for pTau; T = - 3.4 for NfL). Markers of chronic heart failure, left atrial volume index (T = 4.6) and NT-proBNP (T = 2.8), were further cardiological determinants of pTau and NfL, respectively. In addition, pTau was also strongly affected by serum creatine kinase levels (T = 6.5) and ferritin (T = - 3.1). Conclusions pTau and NfL serum levels are strongly influenced by age-dependent renal and cardiac dysfunction. These findings point towards the need for longitudinal examinations and consideration of frequent comorbidities when using neuronal serum biomarkers.}, language = {en} } @article{StoevesandtTrautmann2022, author = {Stoevesandt, Johanna and Trautmann, Axel}, title = {Risk factors in bee and Vespula venom allergy: state of the art}, series = {Allergo Journal International}, volume = {31}, journal = {Allergo Journal International}, number = {1}, issn = {2197-0378}, doi = {10.1007/s40629-021-00187-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270498}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Correct recognition of risk factors enables individualized management and treatment of venom allergic patients. Methods Systematic research and review of current literature regarding the risk of (1) severe sting-induced anaphylaxis, (2) anaphylactic adverse event during venom immunotherapy (VIT), and (3) treatment failure. Results and discussion (1) Mastocytosis is the most important risk factor for severe sting-induced anaphylaxis. Hereditary α‑tryptasemia was recently identified as a genetic predictor of severe reactions. Older age is clearly associated with an increased risk; the respective impact of defined cardiovascular comorbidities has yet to be determined. Recent data do not support an aggravation of venom-induced anaphylaxis by intake of β‑blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. A higher risk in men can be attributed to more intensive exposure to stinging insects. (2) Anaphylactic side effects of VIT are most common during the buildup phase, particularly in the course of (ultra-)rush protocols involving a high number of injections and high cumulative daily doses. They are significantly more frequent during honeybee compared to Vespula VIT. Data supporting a negative effect of mastocytosis on the tolerability of VIT are scarce. Older age and cardiovascular medication are not associated with a higher incidence of VIT-induced anaphylaxis. (3) Relapsing anaphylactic reactions to both field and challenge stings are significantly more common during and after honeybee compared to Vespula VIT. Reports of severe field-sting reactions in mastocytosis patients suggest an increased risk of treatment failure which may be overcome by higher maintenance doses and longer duration of VIT.}, language = {en} } @article{GruenblattBartlIuhosetal.2015, author = {Gr{\"u}nblatt, Edna and Bartl, Jasmin and Iuhos, Diana-Iulia and Knezovic, Ana and Trkulja, Vladimir and Riederer, Peter and Walitza, Susanne and Salkovic-Petrisic, Melita}, title = {Characterization of cognitive deficits in spontaneously hypertensive rats, accompanied by brain insulin receptor dysfunction}, series = {Journal of Molecular Psychiatry}, volume = {3}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Psychiatry}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1186/s40303-015-0012-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149593}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been used to model changes in the central nervous system associated with cognitive-related disorders. Recent human and animal studies indicate a possible relationship between cognitive deficits, insulin resistance and hypertension. We aimed to investigate whether cognitively impaired SHRs develop central and/or peripheral insulin resistance and how their cognitive performance is influenced by the animal's sex and age as well as strains used for comparison (Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto/WKY). Methods Three and seven-month-old SHR, Wistar, and WKY rats were studied for their cognitive performance using Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Passive Avoidance tests (PAT). Plasma glucose and insulin were obtained after oral glucose tolerance tests. Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum status of insulin-receptor (IR) β-subunit and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and their phosphorylated forms were obtained via ELISA. Results SHRs performed poorly in MWM and PAT in comparison to both control strains but more pronouncedly compared to WKY. Females performed poorer than males and 7-month-old SHRs had poorer MWM performance than 3-month-old ones. Although plasma glucose levels remained unchanged, plasma insulin levels were significantly increased in the glucose tolerance test in 7-month-old SHRs. SHRs demonstrated reduced expression and increased activity of IRβ-subunit in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum with different regional changes in phospho/total GSK3β ratio, as compared to WKYs. Conclusion Results indicate that cognitive deficits in SHRs are accompanied by both central and peripheral insulin dysfunction, thus allowing for the speculation that SHRs might additionally be considered as a model of insulin resistance-induced type of dementia.}, language = {en} } @article{ManchiaAdliAkulaetal.2013, author = {Manchia, Mirko and Adli, Mazda and Akula, Nirmala and Arda, Raffaella and Aubry, Jean-Michel and Backlund, Lena and Banzato, Claudio E. M. and Baune, Bernhard T. and Bellivier, Frank and Bengesser, Susanne and Biernacka, Joanna M. and Brichant-Petitjean, Clara and Bui, Elise and Calkin, Cynthia V. and Cheng, Andrew Tai Ann and Chillotti, Caterina and Cichon, Sven and Clark, Scott and Czerski, Piotr M. and Dantas, Clarissa and Del Zompo, Maria and DePaulo, J. Raymond and Detera-Wadleigh, Sevilla D. and Etain, Bruno and Falkai, Peter and Fris{\´e}n, Louise and Frye, Mark A. and Fullerton, Jan and Gard, S{\´e}bastien and Garnham, Julie and Goes, Fernando S. and Grof, Paul and Gruber, Oliver and Hashimoto, Ryota and Hauser, Joanna and Heilbronner, Urs and Hoban, Rebecca and Hou, Liping and Jamain, St{\´e}phane and Kahn, Jean-Pierre and Kassem, Layla and Kato, Tadafumi and Kelsoe, John R. and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Kliwicki, Sebastian and Kuo, Po-Hsiu and Kusumi, Ichiro and Laje, Gonzalo and Lavebratt, Catharina and Leboyer, Marion and Leckband, Susan G. and L{\´o}pez Jaramillo, Carlos A. and Maj, Mario and Malafosse, Alain and Martinsson, Lina and Masui, Takuya and Mitchell, Philip B. and Mondimore, Frank and Monteleone, Palmiero and Nallet, Audrey and Neuner, Maria and Nov{\´a}k, Tom{\´a}s and O'Donovan, Claire and {\"O}sby, Urban and Ozaki, Norio and Perlis, Roy H. and Pfennig, Andrea and Potash, James B. and Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela and Reif, Andreas and Reininghaus, Eva and Richardson, Sara and Rouleau, Guy A. and Rybakowski, Janusz K. and Schalling, Martin and Schofield, Peter R. and Schubert, Oliver K. and Schweizer, Barbara and Seem{\"u}ller, Florian and Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria and Severino, Giovanni and Seymour, Lisa R. and Slaney, Claire and Smoller, Jordan W. and Squassina, Alessio and Stamm, Thomas and Steele, Jo and Stopkova, Pavla and Tighe, Sarah K. and Tortorella, Alfonso and Turecki, Gustavo and Wray, Naomi R. and Wright, Adam and Zandi, Peter P. and Zilles, David and Bauer, Michael and Rietschel, Marcella and McMahon, Francis J. and Schulze, Thomas G. and Alda, Martin}, title = {Assessment of Response to Lithium Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) Report}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0065636}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130938}, pages = {e65636}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Objective: The assessment of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) is complicated by variable length of treatment, unpredictable clinical course, and often inconsistent compliance. Prospective and retrospective methods of assessment of lithium response have been proposed in the literature. In this study we report the key phenotypic measures of the "Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder" scale currently used in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine ConLiGen sites took part in a two-stage case-vignette rating procedure to examine inter-rater agreement [Kappa (\(\kappa\))] and reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)] of lithium response. Annotated first-round vignettes and rating guidelines were circulated to expert research clinicians for training purposes between the two stages. Further, we analyzed the distributional properties of the treatment response scores available for 1,308 patients using mixture modeling. Results: Substantial and moderate agreement was shown across sites in the first and second sets of vignettes (\(\kappa\) = 0.66 and \(\kappa\) = 0.54, respectively), without significant improvement from training. However, definition of response using the A score as a quantitative trait and selecting cases with B criteria of 4 or less showed an improvement between the two stages (\(ICC_1 = 0.71\) and \(ICC_2 = 0.75\), respectively). Mixture modeling of score distribution indicated three subpopulations (full responders, partial responders, non responders). Conclusions: We identified two definitions of lithium response, one dichotomous and the other continuous, with moderate to substantial inter-rater agreement and reliability. Accurate phenotypic measurement of lithium response is crucial for the ongoing ConLiGen pharmacogenomic study.}, language = {en} } @article{KristDimeoKeil2013, author = {Krist, Lilian and Dimeo, Fernando and Keil, Thomas}, title = {Can progressive resistance training twice a week improve mobility, muscle strength, and quality of life in very elderly nursing-home residents with impaired mobility? A pilot study}, series = {Clinical Interventions in Aging}, volume = {8}, journal = {Clinical Interventions in Aging}, doi = {10.2147/CIA.S42136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122176}, pages = {443-448}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Purpose: To determine the effects of progressive resistance training on mobility, muscle strength, and quality of life in nursing-home residents with impaired mobility. Methods: Nursing-home residents aged 77 years and older with impaired mobility were recruited in Berlin, Germany. The eight-week exercise program consisted of progressive resistance training twice a week. Mobility (primary outcome) was assessed with the Elderly Mobility Scale (zero = worst, 20 = best) at baseline and after 8 weeks. Muscle strength (secondary outcome) was determined by the eight-repetition maximum. The Short Form-36 Health Survey was used to assess quality of life. Results: Of the 15 participants (mean age 84 years, range 77-97 years), ten completed the 8-week program. Mobility (Elderly Mobility Scale mean +/- standard deviation pre 14.1 +/- 3.2 and post 17.5 +/- 3.6; P = 0.005) as well as muscle strength of upper and lower limbs improved (from 62\% at chest press up to 108\% at leg extension machine), whereas most quality of life subscales did not show considerable change. Conclusion: Resistance training twice a week over 2 months seemed to considerably improve mobility and muscle strength in persons aged 77-97 years with impaired mobility.}, language = {en} } @article{WalshLemsKarrasetal.2012, author = {Walsh, J. Bernard and Lems, Willem F. and Karras, Dimitrios and Langdahl, Bente L. and Ljunggren, Osten and Fahrleitner-Pammer, Astrid and Barrett, Annabel and Rajzbaum, Gerald and Jakob, Franz and Marin, Fernando}, title = {Effectiveness of Teriparatide in Women Over 75 Years of Age with Severe Osteoporosis: 36-Month Results from the European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS)}, series = {Calcified Tissue International}, volume = {90}, journal = {Calcified Tissue International}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1007/s00223-012-9590-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124746}, pages = {373-383}, year = {2012}, abstract = {This predefined analysis of the European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS) aimed to describe clinical fracture incidence, back pain, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during 18 months of teriparatide treatment and 18 months post-teriparatide in the subgroup of 589 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged ≥75 years. Data on clinical fractures, back pain (visual analogue scale, VAS), and HRQoL (EQ-5D) were collected over 36 months. Fracture data were summarized in 6-month intervals and analyzed using logistic regression with repeated measures. A repeated-measures model analyzed changes from baseline in back pain VAS and EQ-VAS. During the 36-month observation period, 87 (14.8 \%) women aged ≥75 years sustained a total of 111 new fractures: 37 (33.3 \%) vertebral fractures and 74 (66.7 \%) nonvertebral fractures. Adjusted odds of fracture was decreased by 80 \% in the 30 to <36-month interval compared with the first 6-month interval (P < 0.009). Although the older subgroup had higher back pain scores and poorer HRQoL at baseline than the younger subgroup, both age groups showed significant reductions in back pain and improvements in HRQoL postbaseline. In conclusion, women aged ≥75 years with severe postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with teriparatide in normal clinical practice showed a reduced clinical fracture incidence by 30 months compared with baseline. An improvement in HRQoL and, possibly, an early and significant reduction in back pain were also observed, which lasted for at least 18 months after teriparatide discontinuation when patients were taking other osteoporosis medication. The results should be interpreted in the context of an uncontrolled observational study.}, language = {en} } @article{GrabenhenrichReichFischeretal.2014, author = {Grabenhenrich, Linus B. and Reich, Andreas and Fischer, Felix and Zepp, Fred and Forster, Johannes and Schuster, Antje and Bauer, Carl-Peter and Bergmann, Renate L. and Bergmann, Karl E. and Wahn, Ulrich and Keil, Thomas and Lau, Susanne}, title = {The Novel 10-Item Asthma Prediction Tool: External Validation in the German MAS Birth Cohort}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {12}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0115852}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114202}, pages = {e115852}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: A novel non-invasive asthma prediction tool from the Leicester Cohort, UK, forecasts asthma at age 8 years based on 10 predictors assessed in early childhood, including current respiratory symptoms, eczema, and parental history of asthma. Objective: We aimed to externally validate the proposed asthma prediction method in a German birth cohort. Methods: The MAS-90 study (Multicentre Allergy Study) recorded details on allergic diseases prospectively in about yearly follow-up assessments up to age 20 years in a cohort of 1,314 children born 1990. We replicated the scoring method from the Leicester cohort and assessed prediction, performance and discrimination. The primary outcome was defined as the combination of parent-reported wheeze and asthma drugs (both in last 12 months) at age 8. Sensitivity analyses assessed model performance for outcomes related to asthma up to age 20 years. Results: For 140 children parents reported current wheeze or cough at age 3 years. Score distribution and frequencies of later asthma resembled the Leicester cohort: 9\% vs. 16\% (MAS-90 vs. Leicester) of children at low risk at 3 years had asthma at 8 years, at medium risk 45\% vs. 48\%. Performance of the asthma prediction tool in the MAS-90 cohort was similar (Brier score 0.22 vs. 0.23) and discrimination slightly better than in the original cohort (area under the curve, AUC 0.83 vs. 0.78). Prediction and discrimination were robust against changes of inclusion criteria, scoring and outcome definitions. The secondary outcome 'physicians' diagnosed asthma at 20 years' showed the highest discrimination (AUC 0.89). Conclusion: The novel asthma prediction tool from the Leicester cohort, UK, performed well in another population, a German birth cohort, supporting its use and further development as a simple aid to predict asthma risk in clinical settings.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hartmann2008, author = {Hartmann, Florian Christoph}, title = {Bestimmung der Netzhautdicke in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Alter und Achsenl{\"a}nge des Auges mit Hilfe der Optischen Koh{\"a}renz-Tomographie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35985}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Dissertation geht der Fragestellung nach, inwieweit ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Netzhautdicke und dem Alter des entsprechenden Probanden einerseits sowie der Netzhautdicke und der Achsenl{\"a}nge des Augapfels andererseits besteht. Der klinische Eindruck, daß die Bulbuswand myoper / kurzsichtiger Augen, die sich durch eine gr{\"o}ßere Achsenl{\"a}nge des Auges auszeichnen, d{\"u}nner ist, wurde bereits durch sonographische Untersuchungen dokumentiert. Allerdings st{\"o}ßt diese Untersuchungstechnik mit ihrem Aufl{\"o}sungsverm{\"o}gen von 150 µm bei der Quantifizierung der Netzhautdicke als innerste der drei Bulbuswandschichten an ihre Grenzen. Mit dem Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA) und der Optischen Koh{\"a}renz- Tomographie (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) stehen mittlerweile sehr viel genauere Meßmethoden zur Verf{\"u}gung, die Netzhautdicke in vivo zu bestimmen. In der vorliegenden, prospektiv durchgef{\"u}hrten Studie, wurde die exakteste dieser Untersuchungsverfahren zur Messung der Netzhautdicke, die Optische Koh{\"a}renz- Tomographie (Aufl{\"o}sungsverm{\"o}gen 10 - 15 µm), bei 159 Probanden (Alter 13 bis 92 Jahren mit einer homogenen Verteilung zwischen 20 und 80 Jahren) mit mindestens einer normalen Netzhaut durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Netzhautdickenmessung erfolgte dabei mit einem 2,8 mm langen linearen horizontalen Scan, zentriert auf die Foveola, der durch einen zus{\"a}tzlichen gleichartigen, jedoch vertikalen Scan erg{\"a}nzt wurde. Als Messergebnis lieferte das OCT jeweils ein entsprechendes Schnittbild der Netzhaut von 2,8 mm L{\"a}nge im Bereich der Makula, das eine exakte Bestimmung der Netzhautdicke erlaubt. Mit dieser wurde anschließend der statistische Zusammenhang mit der sonographisch ermittelten Achsenl{\"a}nge des Augapfels (Mittelwert: 23,6 ± 1,1 mm, Bereich: 20,5 bis 28,5 mm; Mittelwert des sph{\"a}rischen {\"A}quivalent der Refraktion: - 0,16 ± 2,23 dpt, Bereich: + 7,25 dpt bis - 11,125 dpt) sowie mit dem Lebensalter der Probanden untersucht. In der Foveola betr{\"a}gt die Netzhautdicke durchschnittlich 142 ± 18 µm, in 1 mm Abstand nasal davon 266 ± 17 µm, temporal davon 249 ± 18 µm. Demzufolge m{\"u}ssen Netzhautdicken im Bereich der Foveola unter 110 µm und {\"u}ber 190 µm, perifoveal unter 200 µm oder {\"u}ber 300 µm als pathologisch gewertet werden, wenn man eine Irrtumswahrscheinlichkeit von 5 \% zugrunde legt. Aufgrund der guten Korrelation korrespondierender Netzhautareale der beiden Augen eines Individuums (Messung bei insgesamt 46 Probanden) sollten große Seitenunterschiede auch innerhalb dieses Normbereiches zu einer kritischen Pr{\"u}fung der Meßwerte f{\"u}hren und bei methodischer Fehlerfreiheit als pathologisch gewertet werden. Der Unterschied von 17 µm zwischen nasaler und temporaler Netzhautdicke ist statistisch hochsignifikant (Korrelationskoeffizient r = 0,82, p < 0,0001) und durch die nach nasal zur Papille zusammenlaufenden Nervenfasern bedingt. Die Netzhautdicke in der N{\"a}he der Gef{\"a}ßb{\"o}gen ist mit etwa 270 µm hochsignifikant gr{\"o}ßer als in der temporalen Netzhaut (p < 0,0001), wodurch der b{\"u}ndelf{\"o}rmige Verlauf der Nervenfasern zur Darstellung kommt. Die Korrelation korrespondierender Netzhautareale desselben Probanden 1 mm superior und inferior der Foveola ist hoch (p < 0,0001). Der mittlere Variationskoeffizient der mit Hilfe der OCT ermittelten Netzhautdicke in der Foveola betr{\"a}gt 4,2 \% (6 µm), ein Beleg f{\"u}r die hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der OCT-Messungen. 1 mm nasal und temporal ist der Variationskoeffizient der Netzhautdicke mit 2 \% (5,5 µm) bzw. 2,2 \% (5,5 µm) nochmals niedriger, bedingt durch die in diesem perifoveolaren Bereich der Netzhaut nur geringgradigen Unterschiede in der Netzhautdicke. Entgegen der Studienhypothese besteht eine Korrelation nur zwischen der nasalen, nicht jedoch der temporalen oder foveolaren Netzhautdicke und dem Alter des entsprechenden Probanden. Ebenso wenig besteht eine Korrelation zwischen der Netzhautdicke und der Achsenl{\"a}nge des Auges. Demzufolge muß bei Messungen der foveolaren oder temporalen Netzhautdicke bei pathologisch ver{\"a}nderter Netzhaut, z.B. bei einem Makula{\"o}dem, weder ein Korrekturfaktor f{\"u}r das Probandenalter noch f{\"u}r die Achsenl{\"a}nge des Auges ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Die vorliegenden Ergebnissen der Netzhautdicke sind daher als Normwerte f{\"u}r die nicht pathologisch ver{\"a}nderte Netzhaut anzusehen. Bei der nasalen Netzhautdicke ist ggf. aber eine geringf{\"u}gig d{\"u}nnere Netzhaut im hohen Alter zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen.}, subject = {Netzhaut}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rudorf2006, author = {Rudorf, Antje}, title = {Rekombinationsh{\"a}ufigkeit in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Entbindungsalter der M{\"u}tter f{\"u}r das DMD-Gen (Xp 21.2)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-17452}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Alter und Rekombi-nationsrate f{\"u}r den Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie-Genabschnitt auf dem X-Chromosom (Xp21.2) zu ermitteln. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden von {\"u}ber 200 am Humangenetischen Institut der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg untersuchten Familien 110 informative Stammb{\"a}ume ausgewertet. Bei diesen Familien waren bereits im Rahmen der genetischen Beratung mehrere flankierende und intragene Marker des DMD-Genes bekannt. Um eine Vergleichbarkeit der einzelnen Personen zu erreichen, wurden die Grenzen des zu untersuchenden DNA-Bereiches bei den Markern DYS I,II,III sowie STR 56 gesetzt. Die Frauen wurden anschließend nach dem Entbindungsalter in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Gruppe 1 beinhaltet die unter 30-j{\"a}hrigen, Gruppe 2 die 30- bis 35-j{\"a}hrigen und Gruppe 3 die {\"u}ber 35-j{\"a}hrigen Frauen. Rekombinationen fanden sich in Gruppe 1 bei 17 von 129, in Gruppe 2 bei 9 von 40 und in Gruppe 3 bei 2 von 20 Frauen. Aus diesen Ergebnissen l{\"a}ßt sich \&\#967;² mit 2,513 bestimmen. Erst ab einem Wert von 5,99 kann man jedoch von einer Signifikanz sprechen. Somit gibt es keinen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Alter der Frauen bei der Entbindung und der Rekombinationsrate. Aufgrund anderer Arbeiten zum Thema Rekombinationsrate bei Autosomen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Alter wurde eine Abnahme der Rate im h{\"o}heren Alter erwartet. Dies konnte jedoch bei der vorliegenden Arbeit nicht nachgewiesen werden. M{\"o}gliche Fehlerquellen liegen hierbei in der stark variierenden Gruppengr{\"o}ße, dem Stichprobenumfang und falsch positiver Zuordnung bei der Phasenfestlegung. Außerdem besteht die M{\"o}glichkeit eines unterschiedlichen Rekombinatinsverhaltens bei Gonosomen im Vergleich zu Autosomen. Das Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist trotz fehlender Signifikanz im Hinblick auf die genetische Beratung so zu beurteilen, daß j{\"u}ngere Frauen (< 30 Jahre) kein erh{\"o}htes Risiko f{\"u}r eine Rekombination tragen als {\"A}ltere (> 35 Jahre) und es damit in der Risikoberechnung bez{\"u}glich des Alters keine Unterschiede gibt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Polzin2001, author = {Polzin, Silke}, title = {Lebensaltersch{\"a}tzung aus biologischem Material anhand der 4.977 bp-Deletion in menschlicher mitochondrialer DNA}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-2999}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Neben der Frage nach dem Lebensalter als Kriterium zur Identifizierung unbekannter Leichen und menschlicher {\"U}berreste, wird der Bedarf einer Alterssch{\"a}tzung an lebenden Personen derzeit immer gr{\"o}ßer. Hinzu kommt die Hoffnung, aus Spuren R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse auf das Alter des Spurenlegers ziehen zu k{\"o}nnen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, aus verschiedenen biologischen Materialien das Alter anhand der 4.977 bp-Deletion in menschlicher mitochondrialer DNA absch{\"a}tzen zu k{\"o}nnen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Material von lebenden Personen lag. Hierzu wurde mit Hilfe geeigneter DNA-Extraktionsmethoden aus verschiedenen Gewebearten, ven{\"o}sem Vollblut, Mundschleimhautabstrichen und Haarwurzeln ausreichend DNA guter Qualit{\"a}t gewonnen. Die Schwierigkeit dieser Untersuchung lag in der Erm{\"o}glichung einer Quantifizierungsmethode zur Erfassung der 4.977 bp-Deletion. Dieses Problem wurde, nach der Wahl optimaler Primer und Amplifizierung spezifischer DNA-Fragmente, f{\"u}r die deletierte und die normale mtDNA unter optimierten PCR-Bedingungen im Multi-plex-Ansatz, mit Hilfe der Kapillarelektrophorese gel{\"o}st. Mit ihr konnte der Anteil der 4.977 bp-deletierten und der normalen mtDNA durch die computeranalysierten Peakfl{\"a}chen der beiden Fragmente bestimmt und miteinander in Verh{\"a}ltnis gesetzt werden. Dieses Verh{\"a}ltnis wurde durch den Quotienten IDel/INorm ausgedr{\"u}ckt. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse wurden anschließend ausgedehnten statistischen Erhebungen unterzogen. Die 4.977 bp-Deletion zeigte in allen untersuchten Materialien eine eindeutige Altersabh{\"a}ngigkeit. Dies wurde an der Zunahme des Quotienten IDel/INorm mit steigendem Alter ersichtlich. F{\"u}r die verschiedenen Gewebearten war die Abh{\"a}ngigkeit dieser Deletion vom Alter bereits aus der Literatur bekannt. Im Blut wurde diese jedoch erstmalig gezeigt, ebenso wie in den Mundschleimhautabstrichen, die bisher noch nie f{\"u}r Untersuchungen der 4.977 bp-Deletion herangezogen wurden. In den Haarwurzeln konnte die Deletion nicht nachgewiesen werden. Auff{\"a}llig war hierbei, dass die Altersabh{\"a}ngigkeit von Material zu Material unterschiedlich ausgepr{\"a}gt war. Der gr{\"o}ßte Anteil deletierter mtDNA fand sich im Gehirngewebe, gefolgt von Skelettmuskulatur, Herz, Lunge, Milz, Niere Leber und Haut. F{\"u}r diese unterschiedliche Akkumulierung der 4.977 bp-Deletion finden sich zwei m{\"o}gliche Erkl{\"a}rungsans{\"a}tze, die Theorie einer unterschiedlichen Mitoserate und die einer unterschiedlichen Stoffwechselaktivit{\"a}t, die beide die gewonnene Rangfolge best{\"a}tigen. Des Weiteren wurde eine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der 4.977 bp-Deletion von der in die PCR eingesetzten DNA-Menge festgestellt. Dieser Effekt muss im Zusammenhang mit der unterschiedlichen Amplifizierungseffizienz der beiden relevanten DNA-Fragmente gesehen werden, wodurch jedoch die Einschr{\"a}nkungen der angewandten unkontrollierten Multiplex-PCR mit anschließender semi-quantitativer Detektion der Amplifikations- produkte deutlich werden. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Einschr{\"a}nkungen gelang anhand von Perzentilentabellen eine Alterssch{\"a}tzung mit der Angabe einer Altersspanne von ungef{\"a}hr 30 Jahren. Um eine genauere Alterssch{\"a}tzung zu erreichen, w{\"a}re eine Optimierung der Methode, z. B. durch Anwendung einer real-time quantitativen PCR, und eine Einbeziehung einer noch gr{\"o}ßeren Probenzahl n{\"o}tig.}, language = {de} }