@article{ZhouDierksKertelsetal.2020, author = {Zhou, Xiang and Dierks, Alexander and Kertels, Olivia and Kircher, Malte and Schirbel, Andreas and Samnick, Samuel and Buck, Andreas K. and Knorz, Sebastian and B{\"o}ckle, David and Scheller, Lukas and Messerschmidt, Janin and Barakat, Mohammad and Kort{\"u}m, K. Martin and Rasche, Leo and Einsele, Hermann and Lapa, Constantin}, title = {18F-FDG, 11C-Methionine, and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma: imaging pattern and clinical features}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {12}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {8}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers12082333}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211240}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study aimed to explore the correlation between imaging patterns and clinical features in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) who simultaneously underwent 18F-FDG, 11C-Methionine, and 68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). We retrieved and analyzed clinical characteristics and PET imaging data of 10 patients with SMM. We found a significant correlation between bone marrow (BM) plasma cell (PC) infiltration and mean standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{mean}\)) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 on 11C-Methionine PET/CT scans (r = 0.676, p = 0.031) and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT scans (r = 0.839, p = 0.002). However, there was no significant correlation between BM involvement and SUV\(_{mean}\) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (r = 0.558, p = 0.093). Similarly, mean target-to-background ratios (TBR\(_{mean}\)) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 also correlated with bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) infiltration in 11C-Methionine PET/CT (r = 0.789, p = 0.007) and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT (r = 0.724, p = 0.018) PET/CT. In contrast, we did not observe a significant correlation between BMPC infiltration rate and TBR\(_{mean}\) in 18F-FDG PET/CT (r = 0.355, p = 0.313). Additionally, on 11C-Methionine PET/CT scans, we found a significant correlation between BMPC infiltration and TBR\(_{max}\) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 (r = 0.642, p = 0.045). In conclusion, 11C-Methionine and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT demonstrate higher sensitivity than 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting BM involvement in SMM.}, language = {en} } @article{LueckerathLapaMalzahnetal.2014, author = {L{\"u}ckerath, Katharina and Lapa, Constantin and Malzahn, Uwe and Samnick, Samuel and Einsele, Herrmann and Buck, Andreas K. and Herrmann, Ken and Knop, Stefan}, title = {18FDG-PET/CT for prognostic stratification of patients with multiple myeloma relapse after stem cell transplantation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-113107}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in 37 patients with a history of multiple myeloma (MM) and suspected or confirmed recurrence after stem cell transplantation (SCT). All patients had been heavily pre-treated. Time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were correlated to a number of different PET-derived as well as clinical parameters. Impact on patient management was assessed. Absence of FDG-avid MM foci was a positive prognostic factor for both TTP and OS (p<0.01). Presence of >10 focal lesions correlated with both TTP (p<0.01) and OS (p<0.05). Interestingly, presence of >10 lesions in the appendicular skeleton proved to have the strongest association with disease progression. Intensity of glucose uptake and presence of extramedullary disease were associated with shorter TTP (p=0.037 and p=0.049, respectively). Manifestations in soft tissue structures turned out to be a strong negative predictor for both, TTP and OS (p<0.01, respectively). PET resulted in a change of management in 30\% of patients. Our data underline the prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in MM patients also in the setting of post-SCT relapse. PET/CT has a significant impact on patient management.}, language = {en} } @article{LapaSchrederSchirbeletal.2017, author = {Lapa, Constantin and Schreder, Martin and Schirbel, Andreas and Samnick, Samuel and Kort{\"u}m, Klaus Martin and Herrmann, Ken and Kropf, Saskia and Einsele, Herrmann and Buck, Andreas K. and Wester, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Knop, Stefan and L{\"u}ckerath, Katharina}, title = {[\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in multiple myeloma - comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG and laboratory values}, series = {Theranostics}, volume = {7}, journal = {Theranostics}, number = {1}, doi = {10.7150/thno.16576}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172106}, pages = {205-212}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer including multiple myeloma (MM). Proof-of-concept of CXCR4-directed radionuclide therapy in MM has recently been reported. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the CXCR4-directed radiotracer [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in MM and a potential role for stratifying patients to CXCR4-directed therapies. Thirty-five patients with MM underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for evaluation of eligibility for endoradiotherapy. In 19/35 cases, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET/CT for correlation was available. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Tracer uptake was correlated with standard clinical parameters of disease activity. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET detected CXCR4-positive disease in 23/35 subjects (66\%). CXCR4-positivity at PET was independent from myeloma subtypes, cytogenetics or any serological parameters and turned out as a negative prognostic factor. In the 19 patients in whom a comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG was available, [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET detected more lesions in 4/19 (21\%) subjects, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG proved superior in 7/19 (37\%). In the remaining 8/19 (42\%) patients, both tracers detected an equal number of lesions. [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET positivity correlated with [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET positivity (p=0.018). [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET provides further evidence that CXCR4 expression frequently occurs in advanced multiple myeloma, representing a negative prognostic factor and a potential target for myeloma specific treatment. However, selecting patients for CXCR4 directed therapies and prognostic stratification seem to be more relevant clinical applications for this novel imaging modality, rather than diagnostic imaging of myeloma.}, language = {en} } @article{LapaGarciaVellosoLueckerathetal.2017, author = {Lapa, Constantin and Garcia-Velloso, Maria J. and L{\"u}ckerath, Katharina and Samnick, Samuel and Schreder, Martin and Otero, Paula Rodriguez and Schmid, Jan-Stefan and Herrmann, Ken and Knop, Stefan and Buck, Andreas K. and Einsele, Hermann and San-Miguel, Jesus and Kort{\"u}m, Klaus Martin}, title = {\(^{11}\)C-methionine-PET in multiple myeloma: a combined study from two different institutions}, series = {Theranostics}, volume = {7}, journal = {Theranostics}, number = {11}, doi = {10.7150/thno.20491}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172038}, pages = {2956-2964}, year = {2017}, abstract = {\(^{11}\)C-methionine (MET) has recently emerged as an accurate marker of tumor burden and disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This dual-center study aimed at further corroboration of the superiority of MET as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for staging and re-staging MM, as compared to \(^{18}\)F-2`-deoxy-2`-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). 78 patients with a history of solitary plasmacytoma (n=4), smoldering MM (SMM, n=5), and symptomatic MM (n=69) underwent both MET- and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) at the University Centers of W{\"u}rzburg, Germany and Navarra, Spain. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Inter-reader agreement was also evaluated. In 2 patients, tumor biopsies for verification of discordant imaging results were available. MET-PET detected focal lesions (FL) in 59/78 subjects (75.6\%), whereas FDG-PET/CT showed lesions in only 47 patients (60.3\%; p<0.01), accordingly disease activity would have been missed in 12 patients. Directed biopsies of discordant results confirmed MET-PET/CT results in both cases. MET depicted more FL in 44 patients (56.4\%; p<0.01), whereas in two patients (2/78), FDG proved superior. In the remainder (41.0\%, 32/78), both tracers yielded comparable results. Inter-reader agreement for MET was higher than for FDG (κ = 0.82 vs κ = 0.72). This study demonstrates higher sensitivity of MET in comparison to standard FDG to detect intra- and extramedullary MM including histologic evidence of FDG-negative, viable disease exclusively detectable by MET-PET/CT. MET holds the potential to replace FDG as functional imaging standard for staging and re-staging of MM.}, language = {en} } @article{MoralesLozanoVieringSamnicketal.2020, author = {Morales-Lozano, Maria I. and Viering, Oliver and Samnick, Samuel and Rodriguez-Otero, Paula and Buck, Andreas K. and Marcos-Jubilar, Maria and Rasche, Leo and Prieto, Elena and Kort{\"u}m, K. Martin and San-Miguel, Jesus and Garcia-Velloso, Maria J. and Lapa, Constantin}, title = {\(^{18}\)F-FDG and \(^{11}\)C-methionine PET/CT in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: comparison of volume-based PET biomarkers}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {12}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {4}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers12041042}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203686}, year = {2020}, abstract = {\(^{11}\)C-methionine (\(^{11}\)C-MET) is a new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the assessment of disease activity in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, with preliminary data suggesting higher sensitivity and specificity than \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (\(^{18}\)F-FDG). However, the value of tumor burden biomarkers has yet to be investigated. Our goals were to corroborate the superiority of \(^{11}\)C-MET for MM staging and to compare its suitability for the assessment of metabolic tumor burden biomarkers in comparison to \(^{18}\)F-FDG. Twenty-two patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-na{\"i}ve symptomatic MM who had undergone \(^{11}\)C-MET and \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT were evaluated. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were determined and compared with total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) for both tracers: total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and total lesion \(^{11}\)C-MET uptake (TLMU). PET-derived values were compared to Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), cytogenetic, and serologic MM markers such as M component, beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), serum free light chains (FLC), albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In 11 patients (50\%), \(^{11}\)C-MET detected more focal lesions (FL) than FDG (p < 0.01). SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, TMTV, and TLMU were also significantly higher in \(^{11}\)C-MET than in \(^{18}\)F-FDG (p < 0.05, respectively). \(^{11}\)C-MET PET biomarkers had a better correlation with tumor burden (bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, M component; p < 0.05 versus p = n.s. respectively). This pilot study suggests that \(^{11}\)C-MET PET/CT is a more sensitive marker for the assessment of myeloma tumor burden than \(^{18}\)F-FDG. Its implications for prognosis evaluation need further investigation.}, language = {en} } @article{WhiteSpringerWiseetal.2022, author = {White, P. Lewis and Springer, Jan and Wise, Matt P. and Einsele, Hermann and L{\"o}ffler, Claudia and Seif, Michelle and Prommersberger, Sabrina and Backx, Matthijs and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A clinical case of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), illustrating the challenges in diagnosis (despite overwhelming mycological evidence)}, series = {Journal of Fungi}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of Fungi}, number = {1}, issn = {2309-608X}, doi = {10.3390/jof8010081}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-302438}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in large numbers of patients requiring critical care management. With the established association between severe respiratory virus infection and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (7.6\% for COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)), the pandemic places a significant number of patients at potential risk from secondary invasive fungal disease. We described a case of CAPA with substantial supporting mycological evidence, highlighting the need to employ strategic diagnostic algorithms and weighted definitions to improve the accuracy in diagnosing CAPA.}, language = {en} } @article{SanderXuEilersetal.2017, author = {Sander, Bodo and Xu, Wenshan and Eilers, Martin and Popov, Nikita and Lorenz, Sonja}, title = {A conformational switch regulates the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1}, series = {eLife}, volume = {6}, journal = {eLife}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.21036}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171862}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The human ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 has key roles in tumorigenesis, yet it is unkown how its activity is regulated. We present the crystal structure of a C-terminal part of HUWE1, including the catalytic domain, and reveal an asymmetric auto-inhibited dimer. We show that HUWE1 dimerizes in solution and self-associates in cells, and that both occurs through the crystallographic dimer interface. We demonstrate that HUWE1 is inhibited in cells and that it can be activated by disruption of the dimer interface. We identify a conserved segment in HUWE1 that counteracts dimer formation by associating with the dimerization region intramolecularly. Our studies reveal, intriguingly, that the tumor suppressor p14ARF binds to this segment and may thus shift the conformational equilibrium of HUWE1 toward the inactive state. We propose a model, in which the activity of HUWE1 underlies conformational control in response to physiological cues—a mechanism that may be exploited for cancer therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{BaeuerleinRiedelBakeretal.2013, author = {B{\"a}uerlein, Carina A. and Riedel, Simone S. and Baker, Jeanette and Brede, Christian and Jord{\´a}n Garrote, Ana-Laura and Chopra, Martin and Ritz, Miriam and Beilhack, Georg F. and Schulz, Stephan and Zeiser, Robert and Schlegel, Paul G. and Einsele, Hermann and Negrin, Robert S. and Beilhack, Andreas}, title = {A diagnostic window for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease prior to visible clinical symptoms in a murine model}, series = {BMC Medicine}, journal = {BMC Medicine}, doi = {10.1186/1741-7015-11-134}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96797}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) poses a major limitation for broader therapeutic application of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Early diagnosis of aGVHD remains difficult and is based on clinical symptoms and histopathological evaluation of tissue biopsies. Thus, current aGVHD diagnosis is limited to patients with established disease manifestation. Therefore, for improved disease prevention it is important to develop predictive assays to identify patients at risk of developing aGVHD. Here we address whether insights into the timing of the aGVHD initiation and effector phases could allow for the detection of migrating alloreactive T cells before clinical aGVHD onset to permit for efficient therapeutic intervention. Methods Murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched and minor histocompatibility antigen (miHAg) mismatched allo-HCT models were employed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of donor T cells with flow cytometry and in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Daily flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells allowed us to identify migrating alloreactive T cells based on homing receptor expression profiles. Results We identified a time period of 2 weeks of massive alloreactive donor T cell migration in the blood after miHAg mismatch allo-HCT before clinical aGVHD symptoms appeared. Alloreactive T cells upregulated α4β7 integrin and P-selectin ligand during this migration phase. Consequently, targeted preemptive treatment with rapamycin, starting at the earliest detection time of alloreactive donor T cells in the peripheral blood, prevented lethal aGVHD. Conclusions Based on this data we propose a critical time frame prior to the onset of aGVHD symptoms to identify alloreactive T cells in the peripheral blood for timely and effective therapeutic intervention.}, language = {en} } @article{KarunakaranSubramanianJinetal.2023, author = {Karunakaran, Mohindar M. and Subramanian, Hariharan and Jin, Yiming and Mohammed, Fiyaz and Kimmel, Brigitte and Juraske, Claudia and Starick, Lisa and N{\"o}hren, Anna and L{\"a}nder, Nora and Willcox, Carrie R. and Singh, Rohit and Schamel, Wolfgang W. and Nikolaev, Viacheslav O. and Kunzmann, Volker and Wiemer, Andrew J. and Willcox, Benjamin E. and Herrmann, Thomas}, title = {A distinct topology of BTN3A IgV and B30.2 domains controlled by juxtamembrane regions favors optimal human γδ T cell phosphoantigen sensing}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {14}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41938-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358179}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Butyrophilin (BTN)-3A and BTN2A1 molecules control the activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells during T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated sensing of phosphoantigens (PAg) derived from microbes and tumors. However, the molecular rules governing PAg sensing remain largely unknown. Here, we establish three mechanistic principles of PAg-mediated γδ T cell activation. First, in humans, following PAg binding to the intracellular BTN3A1-B30.2 domain, Vγ9Vδ2 TCR triggering involves the extracellular V-domain of BTN3A2/BTN3A3. Moreover, the localization of both protein domains on different chains of the BTN3A homo-or heteromers is essential for efficient PAg-mediated activation. Second, the formation of BTN3A homo-or heteromers, which differ in intracellular trafficking and conformation, is controlled by molecular interactions between the juxtamembrane regions of the BTN3A chains. Finally, the ability of PAg not simply to bind BTN3A-B30.2, but to promote its subsequent interaction with the BTN2A1-B30.2 domain, is essential for T-cell activation. Defining these determinants of cooperation and the division of labor in BTN proteins improves our understanding of PAg sensing and elucidates a mode of action that may apply to other BTN family members.}, language = {en} } @article{GroeberEngelhardtLangeetal.2016, author = {Groeber, Florian and Engelhardt, Lisa and Lange, Julia and Kurdyn, Szymon and Schmid, Freia F. and R{\"u}cker, Christoph and Mielke, Stephan and Walles, Heike and Hansmann, Jan}, title = {A First Vascularized Skin Equivalent as an Alternative to Animal Experimentation}, series = {ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation}, volume = {33}, journal = {ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation}, number = {4}, doi = {10.14573/altex.1604041}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164438}, pages = {415-422}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Tissue-engineered skin equivalents mimic key aspects of the human skin, and can thus be employed as wound coverage for large skin defects or as in vitro test systems as an alternative to animal models. However, current skin equivalents lack a functional vasculature limiting clinical and research applications. This study demonstrates the generation of a vascularized skin equivalent with a perfused vascular network by combining a biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc) based on a decellularized segment of a porcine jejunum and a tailored bioreactor system. Briefly, the BioVaSc was seeded with human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and human microvascular endothelial cells. After 14 days at the air-liquid interface, hematoxylin \& eosin and immunohistological staining revealed a specific histological architecture representative of the human dermis and epidermis including a papillary-like architecture at the dermal-epidermal-junction. The formation of the skin barrier was measured non-destructively using impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, endothelial cells lined the walls of the formed vessels that could be perfused with a physiological volume flow. Due to the presence of a complex in-vivo-like vasculature, the here shown skin equivalent has the potential for skin grafting and represents a sophisticated in vitro model for dermatological research.}, language = {en} } @article{WalkerMavrommatisWardelletal.2019, author = {Walker, Brian A. and Mavrommatis, Konstantinos and Wardell, Christopher P. and Ashby, T. Cody and Bauer, Michael and Davies, Faith and Rosenthal, Adam and Wang, Hongwei and Qu, Pingping and Hoering, Antje and Samur, Mehmet and Towfic, Fadi and Ortiz, Maria and Flynt, Erin and Yu, Zhinuan and Yang, Zhihong and Rozelle, Dan and Obenauer, John and Trotter, Matthew and Auclair, Daniel and Keats, Jonathan and Bolli, Niccolo and Fulciniti, Mariateresa and Szalat, Raphael and Moreau, Phillipe and Durie, Brian and Stewart, A. Keith and Goldschmidt, Hartmut and Raab, Marc S. and Einsele, Hermann and Sonneveld, Pieter and San Miguel, Jesus and Lonial, Sagar and Jackson, Graham H. and Anderson, Kenneth C. and Avet-Loiseau, Herve and Munshi, Nikhil and Thakurta, Anjan and Morgan, Gareth}, title = {A high-risk, Double-Hit, group of newly diagnosed myeloma identified by genomic analysis}, series = {Leukemia}, volume = {33}, journal = {Leukemia}, doi = {10.1038/s41375-018-0196-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233299}, pages = {159-170}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) with high-risk disease are in need of new treatment strategies to improve the outcomes. Multiple clinical, cytogenetic, or gene expression features have been used to identify high-risk patients, each of which has significant weaknesses. Inclusion of molecular features into risk stratification could resolve the current challenges. In a genome-wide analysis of the largest set of molecular and clinical data established to date from NDMM, as part of the Myeloma Genome Project, we have defined DNA drivers of aggressive clinical behavior. Whole-genome and exome data from 1273 NDMM patients identified genetic factors that contribute significantly to progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (cumulative R2 = 18.4\% and 25.2\%, respectively). Integrating DNA drivers and clinical data into a Cox model using 784 patients with ISS, age, PFS, OS, and genomic data, the model has a cumlative R2 of 34.3\% for PFS and 46.5\% for OS. A high-risk subgroup was defined by recursive partitioning using either a) bi-allelic TP53 inactivation or b) amplification (≥4 copies) of CKS1B (1q21) on the background of International Staging System III, comprising 6.1\% of the population (median PFS = 15.4 months; OS = 20.7 months) that was validated in an independent dataset. Double-Hit patients have a dire prognosis despite modern therapies and should be considered for novel therapeutic approaches.}, language = {en} } @article{HofgaardJodalBommertetal.2012, author = {Hofgaard, Peter O. and Jodal, Henriette C. and Bommert, Kurt and Huard, Bertrand and Caers, Jo and Carlsen, Harald and Schwarzer, Rolf and Sch{\"u}nemann, Nicole and Jundt, Franziska and Lindeberg, Mona M. and Bogen, Bjarne}, title = {A Novel Mouse Model for Multiple Myeloma (MOPC315.BM) That Allows Noninvasive Spatiotemporal Detection of Osteolytic Disease}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0051892}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131117}, pages = {e51892}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal human cancer characterized by a clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow. Mouse models of human MM are technically challenging and do not always recapitulate human disease. Therefore, new mouse models for MM are needed. Mineral-oil induced plasmacytomas (MOPC) develop in the peritoneal cavity of oil-injected BALB/c mice. However, MOPC typically grow extramedullary and are considered poor models of human MM. Here we describe an in vivo-selected MOPC315 variant, called MOPC315.BM, which can be maintained in vitro. When injected i.v. into BALB/c mice, MOPC315.BM cells exhibit tropism for bone marrow. As few as 10\(^4\) MOPC315.BM cells injected i.v. induced paraplegia, a sign of spinal cord compression, in all mice within 3-4 weeks. MOPC315.BM cells were stably transfected with either firefly luciferase (MOPC315.BM.Luc) or DsRed (MOPC315.BM.DsRed) for studies using noninvasive imaging. MOPC315.BM.Luc cells were detected in the tibiofemoral region already 1 hour after i.v. injection. Bone foci developed progressively, and as of day 5, MM cells were detected in multiple sites in the axial skeleton. Additionally, the spleen (a hematopoietic organ in the mouse) was invariably affected. Luminescent signals correlated with serum myeloma protein concentration, allowing for easy tracking of tumor load with noninvasive imaging. Affected mice developed osteolytic lesions. The MOPC315.BM model employs a common strain of immunocompetent mice (BALB/c) and replicates many characteristics of human MM. The model should be suitable for studies of bone marrow tropism, development of osteolytic lesions, drug testing, and immunotherapy in MM.}, language = {en} } @article{GernerAghaiTrommeschlaegerKrausetal.2022, author = {Gerner, Bettina and Aghai-Trommeschlaeger, Fatemeh and Kraus, Sabrina and Grigoleit, G{\"o}tz Ulrich and Zimmermann, Sebastian and Kurlbaum, Max and Klinker, Hartwig and Isberner, Nora and Scherf-Clavel, Oliver}, title = {A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of ruxolitinib and posaconazole to predict CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interaction frequently observed in graft versus host disease patients}, series = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {14}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, number = {12}, issn = {1999-4923}, doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics14122556}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297261}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Ruxolitinib (RUX) is approved for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD). It is predominantly metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. As patients with GvHD have an increased risk of invasive fungal infections, RUX is frequently combined with posaconazole (POS), a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Knowledge of RUX exposure under concomitant POS treatment is scarce and recommendations on dose modifications are inconsistent. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to investigate the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between POS and RUX. The predicted RUX exposure was compared to observed concentrations in patients with GvHD in the clinical routine. PBPK models for RUX and POS were independently set up using PK-Sim\(^®\) Version 11. Plasma concentration-time profiles were described successfully and all predicted area under the curve (AUC) values were within 2-fold of the observed values. The increase in RUX exposure was predicted with a DDI ratio of 1.21 (C\(_{max}\)) and 1.59 (AUC). Standard dosing in patients with GvHD led to higher RUX exposure than expected, suggesting further dose reduction if combined with POS. The developed model can serve as a starting point for further simulations of the implemented DDI and can be extended to further perpetrators of CYP-mediated PK-DDIs or disease-specific physiological changes.}, language = {en} } @article{KrenzerBanckMakowskietal.2023, author = {Krenzer, Adrian and Banck, Michael and Makowski, Kevin and Hekalo, Amar and Fitting, Daniel and Troya, Joel and Sudarevic, Boban and Zoller, Wolfgang G. and Hann, Alexander and Puppe, Frank}, title = {A real-time polyp-detection system with clinical application in colonoscopy using deep convolutional neural networks}, series = {Journal of Imaging}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Imaging}, number = {2}, issn = {2313-433X}, doi = {10.3390/jimaging9020026}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304454}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The best method to prevent CRC is with a colonoscopy. During this procedure, the gastroenterologist searches for polyps. However, there is a potential risk of polyps being missed by the gastroenterologist. Automated detection of polyps helps to assist the gastroenterologist during a colonoscopy. There are already publications examining the problem of polyp detection in the literature. Nevertheless, most of these systems are only used in the research context and are not implemented for clinical application. Therefore, we introduce the first fully open-source automated polyp-detection system scoring best on current benchmark data and implementing it ready for clinical application. To create the polyp-detection system (ENDOMIND-Advanced), we combined our own collected data from different hospitals and practices in Germany with open-source datasets to create a dataset with over 500,000 annotated images. ENDOMIND-Advanced leverages a post-processing technique based on video detection to work in real-time with a stream of images. It is integrated into a prototype ready for application in clinical interventions. We achieve better performance compared to the best system in the literature and score a F1-score of 90.24\% on the open-source CVC-VideoClinicDB benchmark.}, language = {en} } @article{BaeuerleinQureischiMokhtarietal.2021, author = {B{\"a}uerlein, Carina A. and Qureischi, Musga and Mokhtari, Zeinab and Tabares, Paula and Brede, Christian and Jord{\´a}n Garrote, Ana-Laura and Riedel, Simone S. and Chopra, Martin and Reu, Simone and Mottok, Anja and Arellano-Viera, Estibaliz and Graf, Carolin and Kurzwart, Miriam and Schmiedgen, Katharina and Einsele, Hermann and W{\"o}lfl, Matthias and Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt and Beilhack, Andreas}, title = {A T-Cell Surface Marker Panel Predicts Murine Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.593321}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224290}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a severe and often life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). AGvHD is mediated by alloreactive donor T-cells targeting predominantly the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Recent work in mice and patients undergoing allo-HCT showed that alloreactive T-cells can be identified by the expression of α4β7 integrin on T-cells even before manifestation of an aGvHD. Here, we investigated whether the detection of a combination of the expression of T-cell surface markers on peripheral blood (PB) CD8\(^+\) T-cells would improve the ability to predict aGvHD. To this end, we employed two independent preclinical models of minor histocompatibility antigen mismatched allo-HCT following myeloablative conditioning. Expression profiles of integrins, selectins, chemokine receptors, and activation markers of PB donor T-cells were measured with multiparameter flow cytometry at multiple time points before the onset of clinical aGvHD symptoms. In both allo-HCT models, we demonstrated a significant upregulation of α4β7 integrin, CD162E, CD162P, and conversely, a downregulation of CD62L on donor T-cells, which could be correlated with the development of aGvHD. Other surface markers, such as CD25, CD69, and CC-chemokine receptors were not found to be predictive markers. Based on these preclinical data from mouse models, we propose a surface marker panel on peripheral blood T-cells after allo-HCT combining α4β7 integrin with CD62L, CD162E, and CD162P (cutaneous lymphocyte antigens, CLA, in humans) to identify patients at risk for developing aGvHD early after allo-HCT.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerMaierSiegemundetal.2011, author = {Fischer, Roman and Maier, Olaf and Siegemund, Martin and Wajant, Harald and Scheurich, Peter and Pfizenmaier, Klaus}, title = {A TNF Receptor 2 Selective Agonist Rescues Human Neurons from Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {6}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0027621}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133552}, pages = {e27621}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a dual role in neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 is predominantly associated with neurodegeneration, TNFR2 is involved in tissue regeneration and neuroprotection. Accordingly, the availability of TNFR2-selective agonists could allow the development of new therapeutic treatments of neurodegenerative diseases. We constructed a soluble, human TNFR2 agonist (TNC-scTNF(R2)) by genetic fusion of the trimerization domain of tenascin C to a TNFR2-selective single-chain TNF molecule, which is comprised of three TNF domains connected by short peptide linkers. TNC-scTNFR2 specifically activated TNFR2 and possessed membrane-TNF mimetic activity, resulting in TNFR2 signaling complex formation and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Protection from neurodegeneration was assessed using the human dopaminergic neuronal cell line LUHMES. First we show that TNC-scTNF(R2) interfered with cell death pathways subsequent to H(2)O(2) exposure. Protection from cell death was dependent on TNFR2 activation of the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway, evident from restoration of H(2)O(2) sensitivity in the presence of PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Second, in an in vitro model of Parkinson disease, TNC-scTNFR(2) rescues neurons after induction of cell death by 6-OHDA. Since TNFR2 is not only promoting anti-apoptotic responses but also plays an important role in tissue regeneration, activation of TNFR2 signaling by TNC-scTNF(R2) appears a promising strategy to ameliorate neurodegenerative processes.}, language = {en} } @article{VargasWagnerShaikhetal.2022, author = {Vargas, Juan Gamboa and Wagner, Jennifer and Shaikh, Haroon and Lang, Isabell and Medler, Juliane and Anany, Mohamed and Steinfatt, Tim and Mosca, Josefina Pe{\~n}a and Haack, Stephanie and Dahlhoff, Julia and B{\"u}ttner-Herold, Maike and Graf, Carolin and Viera, Estibaliz Arellano and Einsele, Hermann and Wajant, Harald and Beilhack, Andreas}, title = {A TNFR2-Specific TNF fusion protein with improved in vivo activity}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.888274}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-277436}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 (TNFR2) has attracted considerable interest as a target for immunotherapy. Indeed, using oligomeric fusion proteins of single chain-encoded TNFR2-specific TNF mutants (scTNF80), expansion of regulatory T cells and therapeutic activity could be demonstrated in various autoinflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). With the aim to improve the in vivo availability of TNFR2-specific TNF fusion proteins, we used here the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-interacting IgG1 molecule as an oligomerizing building block and generated a new TNFR2 agonist with improved serum retention and superior in vivo activity. Methods Single-chain encoded murine TNF80 trimers (sc(mu)TNF80) were fused to the C-terminus of an in mice irrelevant IgG1 molecule carrying the N297A mutation which avoids/minimizes interaction with Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs). The fusion protein obtained (irrIgG1(N297A)-sc(mu)TNF80), termed NewSTAR2 (New selective TNF-based agonist of TNF receptor 2), was analyzed with respect to activity, productivity, serum retention and in vitro and in vivo activity. STAR2 (TNC-sc(mu)TNF80 or selective TNF-based agonist of TNF receptor 2), a well-established highly active nonameric TNFR2-specific variant, served as benchmark. NewSTAR2 was assessed in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Results STAR2 (TNC-sc(mu)TNF80) and NewSTAR2 (irrIgG1(N297A)-sc(mu)TNF80) revealed comparable in vitro activity. The novel domain architecture of NewSTAR2 significantly improved serum retention compared to STAR2, which correlated with efficient binding to FcRn. A single injection of NewSTAR2 enhanced regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive activity and increased Treg numbers by > 300\% in vivo 5 days after treatment. Treg numbers remained as high as 200\% for about 10 days. Furthermore, a single in vivo treatment with NewSTAR2 upregulated the adenosine-regulating ectoenzyme CD39 and other activation markers on Tregs. TNFR2-stimulated Tregs proved to be more suppressive than unstimulated Tregs, reducing conventional T cell (Tcon) proliferation and expression of activation markers in vitro. Finally, singular preemptive NewSTAR2 administration five days before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) protected mice from acute GvHD. Conclusions NewSTAR2 represents a next generation ligand-based TNFR2 agonist, which is efficiently produced, exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and high serum retention with superior in vivo activity exerting powerful protective effects against acute GvHD.}, language = {en} } @article{GaritanoTrojaolaSanchoGoetzetal.2021, author = {Garitano-Trojaola, Andoni and Sancho, Ana and G{\"o}tz, Ralph and Eiring, Patrick and Walz, Susanne and Jetani, Hardikkumar and Gil-Pulido, Jesus and Da Via, Matteo Claudio and Teufel, Eva and Rhodes, Nadine and Haertle, Larissa and Arellano-Viera, Estibaliz and Tibes, Raoul and Rosenwald, Andreas and Rasche, Leo and Hudecek, Michael and Sauer, Markus and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Einsele, Hermann and Kraus, Sabrina and Kort{\"u}m, Martin K.}, title = {Actin cytoskeleton deregulation confers midostaurin resistance in FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia}, series = {Communications Biology}, volume = {4}, journal = {Communications Biology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-021-02215-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260709}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The presence of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most frequent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. FLT3 inhibitors, such as midostaurin, are used clinically but fail to entirely eradicate FLT3-ITD+AML. This study introduces a new perspective and highlights the impact of RAC1-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling on resistance to midostaurin in AML. RAC1 hyperactivation leads resistance via hyperphosphorylation of the positive regulator of actin polymerization N-WASP and antiapoptotic BCL-2. RAC1/N-WASP, through ARP2/3 complex activation, increases the number of actin filaments, cell stiffness and adhesion forces to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) being identified as a biomarker of resistance. Midostaurin resistance can be overcome by a combination of midostaruin, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and the RAC1 inhibitor Eht1864 in midostaurin-resistant AML cell lines and primary samples, providing the first evidence of a potential new treatment approach to eradicate FLT3-ITD+AML. Garitano-Trojaola et al. used a combination of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary samples to show that RAC1-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling through BCL2 family plays a key role in resistance to the FLT3 inhibitor, Midostaurin in AML. They showed that by targeting RAC1 and BCL2, Midostaurin resistance was diminished, which potentially paves the way for an innovate treatment approach for FLT3 mutant AML.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Steimer2021, author = {Steimer, Ann-Kathrin}, title = {Adh{\"a}renz bei oraler Capecitabin-Therapie - Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit Angstst{\"o}rungen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-24964}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249647}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Laut Sch{\"a}tzungen des Robert Koch-Instituts erkranken j{\"a}hrlich fast 500.000 Personen an einer Krebserkrankung, mit steigender Tendenz. Durch stetige Fortschritte in der Forschung kam es durch die Entwicklung einer Chemotherapie in Tablettenform zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Krebstherapie. F{\"u}r ein optimales Therapie-Outcome ist es von großer Bedeutung, dass die Patienten ein adh{\"a}rentes Verhalten zeigen. Weiterhin zeigt sich in der bisherigen Literatur, dass psychische Komorbidit{\"a}ten die Adh{\"a}renz und damit den Behandlungserfolg gleichermaßen beeinflussen k{\"o}nnen. Dies wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit evaluiert. Die Studie umfasste insgesamt 69 Krebspatientinnen und -Patienten, die eine Chemotherapie mit Capecitabin erhielten. Untersucht wurden Gruppenunterschiede zwischen soziodemografischen und klinischen Variablen auf der einen Seite und Adh{\"a}renz auf der anderen Seite sowie die klinisch relevante Belastung durch Angstsymptome. Zur Datenerhebung wurden zum einen der MARS-Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Adh{\"a}renz und zum anderen der GAD-7 zur Erfassung der Angstsymptomatik verwendet. Adh{\"a}rentes Verhalten in Bezug auf die Einnahme von Capecitabin zeigte sich bei 75.4\% der Personen im untersuchten Studienkollektiv. Dieses Ergebnis steht in Einklang mit bisherigen Publikationen, die ebenfalls den Zusammenhang zwischen Adh{\"a}renz bei Capecitabin untersuchten. Die weitere Hypothese war, dass h{\"o}here Angstbelastungen unter Patienten signifikant mit einer verminderten Adh{\"a}renz in Zusammenhang stehen. Dies konnte in der vorliegenden Studie jedoch nicht festgestellt werden. Einerseits zeigte zwar nur ein geringer Anteil der untersuchten Patienten Hinweise einer Angstst{\"o}rung (7\%), andererseits wurde festgestellt, dass nicht alle dieser Patienten eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung erhielten. F{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Forschungen w{\"a}re zu {\"u}berlegen, weitere Messinstrumente zur Diagnostik einer niederschwelligen Angst einzusetzen. Weiterhin w{\"a}ren ein gr{\"o}ßeres Therapieangebot und umfassendere psychosoziale Unterst{\"u}tzung dringend erforderlich. Abschließend bleibt festzuhalten, dass in Zukunft weitere Studien, v.a. auch mit gr{\"o}ßeren Fallzahlen sowie L{\"a}ngsschnitt- oder Follow-up-Studien zu diesem Forschungsthema dringend indiziert sind.}, subject = {Capecitabin}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Berberich2020, author = {Berberich, Sara}, title = {Adh{\"a}renz bei oraler Capecitabin-Therapie : Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit Progredienzangst}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20980}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209800}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Krebserkrankungen stellen eine lebensver{\"a}ndernde und potentiell letale Diagnose dar. Orale Zytostatika stellen eine vielversprechende Therapiem{\"o}glichkeit dar. Ein h{\"a}ufig eingesetztes orales Zytostatikum ist Capecitabin. Durch den Einsatz von oralen Chemotherapeutika ergeben sich viele Vorteile. Grundlegende Voraussetzung f{\"u}r den Einsatz der Tablettenform ist allerdings eine {\"a}quivalente Wirksamkeit. Diese h{\"a}ngt entscheidend von ausreichender Adh{\"a}renz der Patienten ab. In dieser Studie konnte bei der Auswertung des MARS-D gezeigt werden, dass 25 \% der Studienteilnehmer nicht ausreichend adh{\"a}rent waren. H{\"a}ufigster Grund f{\"u}r Nicht-Adh{\"a}renz war das Vergessen der Medikamenteneinnahme. Ein weiteres, wichtiges Ergebnis dieser Pilotstudie war, dass die Probanden ihre Adh{\"a}renz subjektiv deutlich h{\"o}her einsch{\"a}tzten (M im VAS 97,72) als sich bei der Auswertung des MARS-D best{\"a}tigen ließ. Die Erkennung und Behandlung psychischer Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen und Erkrankungen ist bei der Betreuung von Krebspatienten entscheidend. Fear of progression (FOP) ist die am h{\"a}ufigsten ge{\"a}ußerte Angst von Krebspatienten. Diese Studie konnte die Bedeutung von FOP deutlich zeigen: bei 38 \% der Probanden konnte eine dysfunktionale Form der FOP nachgewiesen werden. Nur vier Studienteilnehmer nutzten allerdings psychosomatische/psychiatrische Unterst{\"u}tzungm{\"o}glichkeiten. Die Single-Item Analyse des PA-F-KF zeigten sich {\"A}ngste im Vordergrund stehend, welche den Bereich Familie betrafen. {\"U}berraschenderweise ließ sich zwischen der h{\"a}ufigsten Nebenwirkung Hand-Fuß-Syndrom und FOP kein signifikanter Zusammenhang nachweisen. Dagegen konnten stark signifikante Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen dem Auftreten von Diarrhoen, {\"U}belkeit, Ersch{\"o}pfung und dysfunktionaler FOP gezeigt werden.}, subject = {Zukunftsangst}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Csef2018, author = {Csef, Eva-Johanna}, title = {Adh{\"a}renz zu oralen Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren bei chronischer myeloischer Leuk{\"a}mie - Querschnittsstudie in einer universit{\"a}ren Spezialambulanz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159852}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der orale Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor (TKI) Imatinib wurde 2002 zur Behandlung der chronischen myeloischen Leuk{\"a}mie (CML) zugelassen und ist als „targeted therapy", die sich gegen das die Erkrankung in den meisten F{\"a}llen verursachende BCR/ABL1-Fusionsprotein richtet, als Meilenstein in der Therapie der CML zu sehen. Neben verschiedenen unerw{\"u}nschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) stellt auch eine niedrige Rate der Adh{\"a}renz, also der {\"U}bereinstimmung des Patientenverhaltens mit den Empfehlungen der behandelnden {\"A}rzte, ein entscheidendes Problemfeld im klinischen Einsatz von Imatinib dar. Zus{\"a}tzlich zu pers{\"o}nlichen Eigenschaften des Patienten und speziellen Merkmalen der Erkrankung spielt hierbei unter anderem auch die Interaktion zwischen Arzt und Patient eine herausragende Rolle. F{\"a}lschlicherweise wird bei Patienten mit einer malignen Neoplasie prinzipiell von adh{\"a}rentem Verhalten ausgegangen; mangelnde Patientenschulung oder Arzneimittelinteraktionen f{\"u}hren jedoch h{\"a}ufig zu Nonadh{\"a}renz mit zum Teil lebensbedrohlichen Folgen. So postuliert etwa die 2009 von Noens et al. ver{\"o}ffentlichte ADAGIO-Studie bei lediglich 14,2 \% der Patienten unter TKI Therapie bei CML ein absolut adh{\"a}rentes Verhalten. Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich in diesem Kontext schwerpunktm{\"a}ßig mit steuerbaren Einflussfaktoren wie Copingstrategien und dem Wissensstand der Patienten {\"u}ber die Therapie ihrer Erkrankung. Hierzu wurde bei 37 in einer universit{\"a}ren Spezialambulanz behandelten CML-Patienten (21 M{\"a}nner und 16 Frauen mit einem mittleren Alter von 59 Jahren) zun{\"a}chst mittels des „Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale with Immunosuppressive Medication" (BAASIS) die Adh{\"a}renz unter Imatinib erhoben. Dabei ergab sich eine Adh{\"a}renzrate von 49 \%, die niedrig, aber tendenziell h{\"o}her als erwartet ausfiel. Bei einer moderateren Definition von adh{\"a}rentem Verhalten zeigt sich sogar eine Adh{\"a}renzrate von 84 \%. Eine Auswertung des „Freiburger Fragebogens zur Krankheitsverarbeitung" im selben Patientenkollektiv verdeutlicht wie wichtig ein stabiles Arzt-Patienten-Verh{\"a}ltnis ist, auch wenn keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen positivem Coping und adh{\"a}rentem Verhalten gezeigt werden konnte. Bisher in diesem Rahmen wenig erforscht ist die Angst vor einem Fortschreiten der Erkrankung, die mit dem Progredienzangst-Fragebogen von Herschbach erfasst werden kann. Von dieser Angst ist die Mehrheit der Studienteilnehmer betroffen (73 \% mittleres Ausmaß, 16 \% hohes Ausmaß an Progredienzangst). Vermutlich bedingt durch die kleine Stichprobengr{\"o}ße ließ sich auch hier keine signifkante Korrelation zur Adh{\"a}renz herstellen. Mit einem p-Wert von 0,003 zeigt sich jedoch ein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen maladaptiven Copingstrategien („Bagatellisierung und Wunschdenken") und verst{\"a}rkter Progredienzangst. Auch bei depressiven Verarbeitungsstrukturen l{\"a}sst sich die Tendenz zu einer Korrelation erkennen (p-Wert 0,06). Neben einem Progress der Erkrankung ist die Angst vor unerw{\"u}nschten Nebenwirkungen f{\"u}r Patienten von großer Bedeutung. Insbesondere bei den - selbst in der moderateren Auslegung des BAASIS - nonadh{\"a}renten Patienten zeigt sich eine signifikante Korrelation (p-Wert 0,023). Dadurch wird der Stellenwert einer guten Aufkl{\"a}rung und Schulung der Patienten deutlich, vor allem da Patienten ihr konkretes Wissen bez{\"u}glich Krankheit und Therapie oft zu {\"u}bersch{\"a}tzen scheinen. Abschließend bleibt festzuhalten, dass eine F{\"o}rderung adh{\"a}renten Verhaltens auch bei onkologischen Patienten von enormer Bedeutung ist. Besonders zu ber{\"u}cksichtigende Themen sind Verarbeitungsstrategien, der Umgang mit {\"A}ngsten sowie die Information und Schulung der Patienten.}, subject = {Therapietreue}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lindner2007, author = {Lindner, Andreas}, title = {Aktivierung und Zytotoxizit{\"a}t von gamma delta T-Lymphozyten gegen{\"u}ber Tumorzellen h{\"a}matologischen Ursprungs - Untersuchungen in vitro}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23447}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Auf der Suche nach neuen Therapiem{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r Tumorpatienten stellt die Immuntherapie mit gd T-Lymphozyten einen innovativen Ansatz dar. In vitro Zytotoxizit{\"a}t von Vg9Vd2 T-Lymphozyten wurde gegen eine Vielzahl von Tumorzellen belegt. Mit den Aminobisphosphonaten steht eine Reihe zugelassener und langj{\"a}hrig erprobter Medikamente zur Verf{\"u}gung, die im Bereich therapeutisch verwendeter Dosierungen Vg9Vd2 T-Lymphozyten auch in vivo aktivieren k{\"o}nnen. Zudem ist Bromohydrin (BrHPP) als hochaffines synthetisches Phosphoantigen ein weiterer attraktiver Kandidat zur Aktivierung von gd T-Zellen und befindet sich am Menschen bereits in klinischen Studien. Strategien einer auf gd T-Zellen beruhenden Immuntherapie umfassen zum einen die in vitro Expansion von gd T-Lymphozyten mittels BrHPP oder Aminobisphosponaten mit anschließendem Transfer, dem so genannten adoptiven Zelltransfer auf den Patienten. Zum anderen kann die Anti-Tumoraktivit{\"a}t von Vg9Vd2 T-Lymphozyten auch direkt in vivo mittels Bisphosphonaten induziert werden, wie in einer Pilotstudie mit einem Anti-Lymphom- bzw. Anti-Myelom-Effekt bis hin zu einer klinischen partiellen Remission durch die Therapie mit einem Bisphosphonat (Pamidronat) und IL-2 eindrucksvoll gezeigt werden konnte. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine effektive Methode zur in vitro Proliferation von Vg9Vd2 T-Zellen mit Ausbildung ihrer Anti-Tumoraktivit{\"a}t durch BrHPP und durch das Bisphosphonat Zoledronat in Anwesenheit von IL-2 gezeigt. Weitergehend konnte mit Zytotoxizit{\"a}tstestungen - basierend auf der Messung der Laktatdehydrogenase-Aktivit{\"a}t - die zytolytische Aktivit{\"a}t dieser expandierten gd T-Zellen gegen{\"u}ber den prim{\"a}ren Tumorzellen von insgesamt 8 Leuk{\"a}mie-Patienten, sowie je einem Patienten mit einem Lymphom und einem Plasmozytom nachgewiesen werden. Dadurch wurde einerseits das besondere Potential der gd T-Lymphozyten gegen{\"u}ber h{\"a}matologischen Neoplasien unterstrichen, andererseits konnte ein Testverfahren gezeigt werden, mit dem das Spektrum empfindlicher Tumorzellen und Einflussgr{\"o}ßen untersucht werden k{\"o}nnen. In einem Experiment wurde dargestellt, wie die myelomonozyt{\"a}re Zelllinie THP1 im Gegensatz zu ihrer sonst vorliegenden Anergie nach Vorbehandlung mit Zoledronat durch gd T-Zellen lysiert werden konnte. In einem autologen Versuchsansatz konnte die Anti-Tumoraktivit{\"a}t der gd T-Zellen eines Patienten mit der Diagnose eines follikul{\"a}res B-NHL durch Vorbehandlung der Lymphomzellen mit Zoledronat noch gesteigert werden. gd T-Zellen unterliegen als Teil des komplexen Immunsystems verschiedenen Regulationsmechanismen, die auch manipuliert werden k{\"o}nnen. In vitro Testverfahren - wie in dieser Arbeit - sind die Voraussetzung f{\"u}r eine Grundlagenforschung, mit deren Hilfe man in Zukunft zu einer hoffnungsvollen, auf gd T-Zellen basierenden Immuntherapie maligner Erkrankungen gelangen k{\"o}nnte.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hornbach2010, author = {Hornbach, Anke}, title = {Aktivierungsmuster humaner neutrophiler Granulozyten nach Kontakt mit den pathogenen Pilzen Candida albicans und Aspergillus fumigatus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53520}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Humane neutrophile Granulozyten spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Immunabwehr invasiver Infektionen durch die humanpathogenen Pilze Candida albicans und Aspergillus fumigatus. Das Ziel der hier vorliegenden Arbeit bestand in einer Charakterisierung der Interaktion beider Pilzspezies mit neutrophilen Granulozyten, mit Fokussierung auf die unterschiedlichen Effektormechanismen dieser Zellen. C. albicans exprimiert eine Reihe von Aspartatproteasen, welche mit der Virulenz des Erregers assoziiert sind und zu Adh{\"a}sion, Gewebeinvasion und Immunevasion beitragen k{\"o}nnen. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Rolle der Aspartatproteasen Sap1-6, Sap9 und Sap10 in der Interaktion mit neutrophilen Granulozyten analysiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass, im Gegensatz zu anderen Aspartatproteasen, das zelloberfl{\"a}chenassoziierte GPI-verankerte Enzym Sap9 einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Erkennung von C. albicans durch neutrophile Granulozyten hat. SAP9-Expression ist erforderlich, um die gerichtete Motilit{\"a}t (Chemotaxis) neutrophiler Granulozyten zu C. albicans-Keimschl{\"a}uchen hin zu induzieren. Dieser Prozess stellt eine Grundvoraussetzung zur effektiven Aktivierung neutrophiler Granulozyten darstellt. Die Chemotaxis neutrophiler Granulozyten kann durch autologe Sekretion des Zytokins IL-8 verst{\"a}rkt werden. Es konnte jedoch kein Einfluss von SAP9 auf die IL-8 Sekretion beobachtet werden. Allerdings f{\"u}hrte die Deletion von SAP9 zu reduzierter Freisetzung von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (engl. reactive oxygen species, ROS) in neutrophilen Granulozyten. Die mit der ROS-Generierung in Verbindung stehende und durch C. albicans induzierte Apoptose neutrophiler Granulozyten war ebenfalls vermindert. In Konfrontationsassays war die Abt{\"o}tung einer SAP9-Deletionsmutante verglichen mit dem Wildtyp reduziert. Die Degranulation stellt neben der Produktion von ROS einen weiteren wichtigen Effektormechanismus zur Abt{\"o}tung von Mikroben dar, jedoch verlief die Freisetzung von Elastase ebenso unabh{\"a}ngig von SAP9 wie die durch neutrophile Granulozyten ausgel{\"o}ste Wachstumsinhibition von Keimschl{\"a}uchen. Die hier pr{\"a}sentierten Daten verbinden die Aktivit{\"a}t der Protease Sap9, der zuvor bereits eine Rolle in der Immunevasion von C. albicans zugeschrieben wurde, mit der Initiation der protektiven angeborenen Immunit{\"a}t. Wie C. albicans stimuliert auch A. fumigatus die Aktivit{\"a}t der neutrophilen Granulozyten. Microarray- Analysen mit Fokus auf dem Zytokinprofil neutrophiler Granulozyten w{\"a}hrend der Interaktion mit A. fumigatus-Hyphen offenbarten, dass nur wenige Zytokine im Lauf der Infektion hochreguliert wurden. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Sap-Granulozyten-Interaktion neue molekulare Mechanismen zur Aktivierung dieser Zellen birgt. Zudem brachten die Microarray Analysen die Erkenntnis, dass die de novo-Zytokinsynthese durch A. fumigatus nur geringf{\"u}gig beeinflusst wird und eine schnelle Abt{\"o}tung des Pilzes offenbar im Vordergrund steht.}, subject = {Neutrophile Granulozyten}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rosler2007, author = {Rosler, Eduard}, title = {Allelische Verlustanalyse der chromosomalen Regionen 8p22 und 18q21.1 bei kolorektalen Karzinomen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29361}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wurden 169 kolorektale Karzinome auf das Vorhandensein eines allelischen Verlustes (LOH - "loss of heterozygosity")der Region 8p22 um den Marker D8S254 sowie der Region 18q21.1 um den Marker D18S474 untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein allelischer Verlust des Mikrosatellitenmarkers D18S474 signifikant mit einer schlechteren Patientenprognose bei Patienten mit kolorektalen Karzinomen im Stadium I-IV korreliert ist. Neben der prognostischen Bedeutung k{\"o}nnte ein LOH 18q21.1 auch einen Einfluß auf die Therapie der Patienten haben. Patienten im Stadium II mit LOH D18S474 k{\"o}nnten beispielsweise von einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie eher profitieren als Patienten ohne LOH D18S474. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Arbeitsgruppen konnte keine Korrelation eines allelischen Verlustes des Mikrosatellitenmarkers D8S254 oder einer Kombination von LOH D8S254 und D18S474 bei Patienten mit kolorektalen Karzinomen im Stadium I-IV mit der Patientenprognose gezeigt werden. Es fanden sich im Rahmen dieser Studie geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede f{\"u}r die Tumoreigenschaften und die Prognose sowohl f{\"u}r Tumoren mit einem allelischen Verlust im Mikrosatellitenmarker D8S254 und D18S474. Ein LOH des Markers D8S254 bei Frauen scheint signifikant h{\"a}ufiger mit einem Stadium IV-Tumor, bei M{\"a}nnern jedoch signifikant h{\"a}ufiger mit einem Tumor des Stadium II korreliert zu sein. Frauen mit einem LOH des Markers D18S474 weisen signifikant weniger Stadium I-Tumore auf, jedoch signifikant h{\"a}ufiger Stadium IV-Tumore. Bei M{\"a}nnern hingegen zeigt sich kein Zusammenhang. Diese Unterschiede in der Verteilung spiegeln sich auch in der durchschnittlichen {\"U}berlebenszeit wieder. Demnach haben Frauen mit einem LOH sowohl der Region 8p22 als auch der Region 18q21.1 und noch deutlicher in Kombination eine signifikant schlechtere Prognose als Patientinnen mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom ohne chromosomalen Verlust einer dieser beiden Regionen.}, subject = {Kolon}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Reiter2007, author = {Reiter, Constantin Wei-te Caspar}, title = {Allelotypisierung und prognostische Relevanz der Regionen 1p32-36, 4p14-16 und 17p12 beim kolorektalen Karzinom}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-24673}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Die Karzinomentstehung im Kolon l{\"a}sst sich entsprechend der Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz u.a. auf die Inaktivierung von Tumorsuppressorgenen zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hren. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in verschiedenen chromosomalen Bereichen konnten bereits mit einer signifikant schlechteren Patientenprognose oder einem schlechteren Ansprechen einer Chemotherapie korreliert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden 2 Multiplex-PCR Reaktionen zur Untersuchung von DNA-Proben etabliert. Anschließend wurden 100 Tumoren in den chromosomalen Regionen 1p32-36, 4p14-16 und 17p12 auf allelische Deletionen untersucht und diese mit der Patientenprognose korreliert. Es konnte ein signifikant schlechteres {\"U}berleben bei einem gleichzeitigen Vorliegen von LOH auf den Regionen 4p15.2 (D4S2397) und 17p12 (D17S1303) gefunden werden (p=0,0367). Ferner konnte ein Trend zur schlechteren Prognose bei einem gleichzeitigen Auftreten von LOH in den Regionen 17p12 (D17S1303) und 1p32-36 (HY-TM1) gezeigt werden (p=0,15). Um klinisch nutzbare Untersuchungsverfahren zur Prognosebestimmung bei Patienten mit Kolonkarzinom entwickeln zu k{\"o}nnen, werden noch weitere molekulargenetische Folgestudien n{\"o}tig sein.}, subject = {Colonkrebs}, language = {de} } @article{RoyLachanceCohenetal.2019, author = {Roy, Denis Claude and Lachance, Sylvie and Cohen, Sandra and Delisle, Jean-S{\´e}bastien and Kiss, Thomas and Sauvageau, Guy and Busque, Lambert and Ahmad, Imran and Bernard, Lea and Bambace, Nadia and Boum{\´e}dine, Radia S. and Guertin, Marie-Claude and Rezvani, Katayoun and Mielke, Stephan and Perreault, Claude and Roy, Jean}, title = {Allodepleted T-cell immunotherapy after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation without severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the absence of GVHD prophylaxis}, series = {British Journal of Haematology}, volume = {186}, journal = {British Journal of Haematology}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1111/bjh.15970}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227075}, pages = {754-766}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and presents a challenge in haploidentical HSCT. GVHD may be prevented by ex vivo graft T-cell depletion or in vivo depletion of proliferating lymphocytes. However, both approaches pose significant risks, particularly infections and relapse, compromising survival. A photodepletion strategy to eliminate alloreactive T cells from mismatched donor lymphocyte infusions (enabling administration without immunosuppression), was used to develop ATIR101, an adjunctive therapy for use after haploidentical HSCT. In this phase I dose-finding study, 19 adults (median age: 54 years) with high-risk haematological malignancies were treated with T-cell-depleted human leucocyte antigen-haploidentical myeloablative HSCT followed by ATIR101 at doses of 1 x 10(4)-5 x 10(6) CD3(+) cells/kg (median 31 days post-transplant). No patient received post-transplant immunosuppression or developed grade III/IV acute GVHD, demonstrating the feasibility of ATIR101 infusion for evaluation in two subsequent phase 2 studies. Additionally, we report long-term follow -up of patients treated with ATIR101 in this study. At 1 year, all 9 patients receiving doses of 0 center dot 3-2 x 10(6) CD3(+) cells/kg ATIR101 remained free of serious infections and after more than 8 years, TRM was 0\%, relapse-related mortality was 33\% and overall survival was 67\% in these patients.}, language = {en} } @article{FujiKappEinsele2013, author = {Fuji, Shigeo and Kapp, Markus and Einsele, Hermann}, title = {Alloreactivity of virus-specific T cells: possible implication of graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effects}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, number = {330}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2013.00330}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129260}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Immune reconstitution of functional virus-specific T cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been intensively investigated. However, the possible role of crossreactivity of these virus-specific T cells against allogeneic targets is still unclear. Theoretically, as in the field of organ transplantation, virus-specific T cells possess crossreactivity potential after allogeneic HSCT. Such crossreactivity is assumed to play a role in graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effects. In this article, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of current understanding about crossreactivity of virus-specific T cells.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Decker2020, author = {Decker, Christina}, title = {Analyse der in-vitro Aktivit{\"a}t neutrophiler Granulozyten gegen{\"u}ber Aspergillus fumigatus unter dem Einfluss von Antimykotika und Immunsuppressiva}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20998}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209983}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Der ubiquit{\"a}r vorkommende Schimmelpilz Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) ist Haupterreger der invasiven Aspergillose (IA). Diese invasive Pilzinfektion tritt geh{\"a}uft bei Patienten mit immunsuppressiver Langzeit-Therapie z. B. nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation zur Prophylaxe und Therapie der Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD) auf. Trotz der in-vitro-Suszeptibilit{\"a}t der Pilze gegen{\"u}ber verschiedenen Antimykotika ist die Erkrankung in diesem Patientenkollektiv weiterhin mit einer hohen Letalit{\"a}t assoziiert. Neben ihren direkten, antifungalen Eigenschaften wurden durch Antimykotika auch indirekte, modulierende Wirkungen auf die Funktionalit{\"a}t von Immunzellen beschrieben, die damit m{\"o}glicherweise das therapeutische Ansprechen dieser Erkrankung beeinflussen. Insbesondere neutrophile Granulozyten (PMN) spielen als Teil der angeborenen Immunit{\"a}t durch ihre Vielzahl an Abwehrmechanismen eine essentielle Rolle f{\"u}r die Bek{\"a}mpfung von invasiven Pilzinfektionen und damit der IA. Von zus{\"a}tzlicher Bedeutung und bislang kaum untersucht ist das kombinierte Einwirken von Antimykotika und Immunsuppressiva auf die Funktionalit{\"a}t dieser Zellen. In dieser Arbeit wurde daher in-vitro der Einfluss klinisch eingesetzter Antimykotika zur Therapie der IA (liposomales Amphotericin B bzw. Amphotericin B - Desoxycholat, Voriconazol) auf wichtige Effektorfunktionen humaner neutrophiler Granulozyten nach Exposition gegen{\"u}ber A. fumigatus untersucht. Im Fokus stand hierbei die Analyse des oxidativen Burst, der Interleukin (IL)-8-Freisetzung, der Bildung von neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) sowie der Phagozytose-Aktivit{\"a}t dieser Immunzellen. Außerdem wurde der Effekt einer zus{\"a}tzlichen Gabe klinisch relevanter Immunsuppressiva (Ciclosporin A / Mycophenolat-Mofetil, Prednisolon), die zur Prophylaxe und Therapie der akuten GvHD eingesetzt werden, auf diese vier Funktionen evaluiert. Zusammenfassend ergaben unsere Analysen keinen Anhalt f{\"u}r eine relevante Beeinflussung des oxidativen Burst, der IL-8-Freisetzung und der Phagozytose-Aktivit{\"a}t neutrophiler Granulozyten durch die untersuchten Antimykotika, insbesondere gegen{\"u}ber A. fumigatus. Weiterhin wurden in dieser Arbeit keine signifikanten Differenzen zwischen dem Einfluss von liposomalem Amphotericin B und Amphotericin B - Desoxycholat beobachtet. Durch Prednisolon konnten {\"u}berwiegend bereits bekannte, immunsuppressive Wirkungen auf PMN best{\"a}tigt sowie zus{\"a}tzlich Hinweise auf eine Modulation Antimykotika-vermittelter Immuneffekte durch Immunsuppressiva gewonnen werden. Die kurze Exposition der PMN gegen{\"u}ber Ciclosporin A / Mycophenolat-Mofetil ergab keine signifikanten Ver{\"a}nderungen der Sekretion von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies. Des Weiteren unterst{\"u}tzen unsere Daten Hinweise auf differente Aktivierungsmechanismen von verschiedenen Effektorfunktionen der PMN. Im Gegensatz zu den anderen untersuchten Funktionen konnte in dieser Arbeit eine signifikant verminderte Bildung von NETs durch liposomales Amphotericin B, Amphotericin B - Desoxycholat und auch Voriconazol beobachtet werden. Damit geben unsere Ergebnisse Anlass zu tiefergehenden Analysen des Zusammenspiels von Antimykotika insbesondere mit dem noch immer wenig verstandenen Mechanismus der Ausl{\"o}sung und Bildung von NETs. Zudem w{\"a}ren weitere Studien w{\"u}nschenswert, um einen umfassenderen {\"U}berblick und ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis auch hinsichtlich anderer invasiver Pilzinfektionen sowie weiterer Abwehrmechanismen zu erhalten.}, subject = {Aspergillus fumigatus}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Halbing2018, author = {Halbing, Carolin}, title = {Analyse der Interaktion humaner dendritischer Zellen und nat{\"u}rlicher Killerzellen mit dem Schimmelpilz \(Aspergillus\) \(fumigatus\) mittels Echtzeitmikroskopie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171026}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der humanpathogene Schimmelpilz A. fumigatus ist ein opportunistischer Krankheitserreger, der ein hohes Risiko eines letalen Krankheitsverlaufs durch das Auslösen einer invasiven Aspergillose (IA) birgt. Bei der IA handelt es sich um eine Infektion des Lungengewebes, welche hauptsächlich immunsupprimierte Menschen befällt. A. fumigatus stellt die Ursache f{\"u}r diese infektiöse Komplikation dar, welche von einem intakten Immunsystem in der Regel problemlos abgewehrt wird. Eine wichtige Abwehrbarriere gegen den Pilz setzt sich aus Zellen des angeborenen Immunsystems zusammen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit waren in diesem Zusammenhang nat{\"u}rliche Killerzellen (NK-Zellen) und dendritische Zellen (DCs) von besonderer Relevanz. NK- Zellen sch{\"u}tten lösliche Faktoren aus, welche als antifungale Mediatoren agieren. DCs besitzen hingegen die Fähigkeit, Pilzmorphologien zu phagozytieren. Im Anschluss an die Interaktion mit dem Pilz sekretieren beide Zelltypen Zytokine, welche wiederum weitere Immunzellen stimulieren. Besonders den DCs wird eine wichtige Funktion in der Immunabwehr gegen A. fumigatus zugeschrieben, da ihre Fähigkeit, das angeborene mit dem adaptiven Immunsystem zu verkn{\"u}pfen, von großer Bedeutung ist. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Interaktionen von primären Monozyten abgeleiteten DCs (moDCs) und NK-Zellen mit dem Pilz A. fumigatus in vitro zu charakterisieren. Hierf{\"u}r wurden mit der Methode des Live-imaging verschiedene Experimente durchgef{\"u}hrt, um den reziproken Einfluss der zwei Immunzellarten in Anwesenheit von A. fumigatus zu analysieren. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl moDCs, als auch NK-Zellen mit dem Pilz interagieren. Neben NK-Zell-moDC-Interaktionen wurden auch Interaktionen mit den einzelnen Immunzelltypen und A. fumigatus beobachtet. Zusätzlich konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die NK-Effektormolek{\"u}le IFN-ɣ, Granzym B und Perforin stimulierend auf moDCs wirken, was in einer erhöhten Zellaktivierung und einer in der Folge gesteigerten Kontaktanzahl zum Pilz resultierte.}, subject = {Aspergillus fumigatus}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ok2011, author = {Ok, Michael}, title = {Analyse der Interaktion und die gezielte Modifikation von angeborener Immunantwort gegen{\"u}ber Aspergillus fumigatus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56866}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Die invasive Aspergillose stellt eine ersthafte Erkrankung sowie auch eine signifikante Ursache von Morbidit{\"a}t und Mortalit{\"a}t bei verschiedenen Patientengruppen dar. Dabei tritt sie haupts{\"a}chlich durch den opportunistischen Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus hervorgerufen mit einer Inzidenz von 4\% bis 15\% vorwiegend bei immunsupprimierten Patienten nach allogenen h{\"a}matopoetischer Stammzelltransplantationen (HSCT) oder Organtransplantationen auf und f{\"u}hrt bei 40\% bis 90\% der F{\"a}lle zum Tod des Patienten. Die Behandlung dieser Hochrisikogruppe erfolgt bestenfalls mit Antimykotika prophylaktisch, denn eine schnelle sowie auch verl{\"a}ssliche Diagnose von invasiver Aspergillose l{\"a}ßt sich aufgrund der hohen zeitlichen Latenz des Pilzes und dem Defizit an Sensitivit{\"a}t bzw. Spezifit{\"a}t in vielen F{\"a}llen nicht ermitteln. Zus{\"a}tzlich steigt die Zahl der Resistenzen von Aspergillus-St{\"a}mmen gegen die verschiedenen Antimykotika stetig an, so dass klinische und {\"o}konomische Nebenwirkungen unvermeidbar sind. Als Alternative zur konventionellen Behandlung mit Azolen stellt eine Immuntherapie mittels Antigen-behandelten dendritischen Zellen (DCs) dar, welche durch Pr{\"a}sentation von Aspergillus fumigatus-Antigenepitopen eine spezifische ex vivo T-Zellenexpansion von allogenen CD8+CD3+ T-Zellen bewirken kann und damit ein schonenderes Mittel f{\"u}r den Patienten ist. Dazu wurden sieben verschiedene rekombinante Proteine aus A. fumigatus in dieser Arbeit charakterisiert und deren Potential ermittelt, bei DCs eine pro-inflammatische Immunantwort auszul{\"o}sen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass sowohl die Ribonuklease Mitogillin (Aspf1) als auch die myceliale Katalase Cat1 in der Lage waren, den nukle{\"a}ren Faktor kappa B (NFκB) zu aktivieren und eine Translokation der Untereinheit p65 in den Nukleus zu induzieren, woraufhin Gene von pro-inflammatorischen Zytokine und Chemokine sowie auch von Aktivierungs- und Reifungsmarker der DCs exprimiert wurden. Im Gegensatz zum Aspf1, war es beim Cat1 zus{\"a}tzlich auch m{\"o}glich gewesen eine Verifizierung auf Proteinebene f{\"u}r segregierte Zytokine und Chemokine bzw. Oberfl{\"a}chenmarker zu erhalten. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Zytotoxizit{\"a}t von Cat1 entsprechend der unbehandelten Zellen gewesen ist und dass es den Cat1-behandelten moDCs gelang nach der Aufnahme des Antigens und dessen Prozessierung durch die darauffolgende Pr{\"a}sentation der Proteinepitope {\"u}ber den MHC II Komplex eine ex vivo-Aktivierung von autologen zytotoxischen T-Zellen zu erreichen. Damit ist nun ein potentieller Kandidat f{\"u}r eine auf Immuneffektorzellen basierte Immuntherapie gegen invasive Aspergillose f{\"u}r immungeschw{\"a}chte Patienten gefunden. Erg{\"a}nzt wurde diese Arbeit mit der experimentellen Untersuchung von H{\"a}mostase w{\"a}hrend einer invasiven Aspergillose, da geh{\"a}uft pathologische Beobachtungen von lokalen Einblutungen bei Patienten mit pulmonaler Aspergillose verzeichnet wurden. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die durch Collagen induzierte Aggregation sich durch aktive Pilzmorphologien beeintr{\"a}chtigen l{\"a}ßt, wohingegen die untersuchten Gerinnungsparameter nicht betroffen gewesen sind. Dies verdeutlicht neben der bereits bekannten Bedeutung der Thrombozyten als antimikrobielle Komponente im Blut nun auch ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegen{\"u}ber sezernierten oder Zellwand-gebundenen Aspergillus fumigatus-Faktoren w{\"a}hrend der invasiven Aspergillose.}, subject = {Immunstimulation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ketz2008, author = {Ketz, Verena}, title = {Analyse der relevanten Parameter bei der Nachsorge der akuten myeloischen Leuk{\"a}mie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29428}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob es bei der Nachsorge von Patienten in erster kompletter Remission (CR) einer akuten myeloischen Leuk{\"a}mie (AML) Parameter gibt, deren Ver{\"a}nderung ein Rezidiv ank{\"u}ndigen und ob die Struktur des Nachsorgeprogramms geeignet ist, ein Rezidiv fr{\"u}hzeitig zu erkennen. Bei 29 Patienten der 52 analysierten Patienten kam es zu einem Rezidiv. Bei 48\% dieser Patienten war der Rezidivverdacht bereits aufgrund klinischer Beschwerden wie Leistungsabfall und Dyspnoe oder durch ein pathologisches Blutbild bei der haus{\"a}rztlichen Kontrolle zu stellen. Am Rezidivtermin zeigten alle Rezidivpatienten pathologische Ver{\"a}nderungen von LDH, H{\"a}moglobin, Leuko- oder Thrombozyten. Der Rezidivverdacht wurde also nicht erst durch eine Knochenmarkpunktion gestellt. F{\"u}r viele AML Patienten in erster CR sind regelm{\"a}ßige Kontrolluntersuchungen beim Hausarzt ausreichend, eine Knochenmarkpunktion ist nicht routinem{\"a}ßig erforderlich.}, subject = {Akute Leuk{\"a}mie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{BolayGehrig2020, author = {Bolay-Gehrig, Sandra Jasmin}, title = {Analyse von Kontaminationen mit K{\"o}rperfl{\"u}ssigkeiten bei - vom Betriebs{\"a}rztlichen Dienst der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg betreuten - Besch{\"a}ftigten und Studierenden im Zeitraum 2010-2014}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-17832}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178324}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Hintergrund: F{\"u}r Besch{\"a}ftigte im Gesundheitswesen besteht die Gefahr einer Kontamination und folgenden Infektion durch Blut {\"u}bertragbare Krankheitserreger, insbesondere durch Hepatitis B, C und das Humane Immundefizienz-Virus. Die Kontaminationsh{\"a}ufigkeiten und -herg{\"a}nge sind unter den Besch{\"a}ftigten allerdings nicht gleich verteilt. Ziel der Arbeit: Identifikation von Risikogruppen f{\"u}r Kontaminationsereignisse mit potentiell infekti{\"o}sen K{\"o}rpermaterialien durch detaillierte Subgruppenanalysen. Material und Methoden: Retrospektive Studie an einer deutschen Universit{\"a}tsklinik im Zeitraum 2010 bis 2014. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels standardisierter Checklisten. Abweichungen der absoluten bzw. relativen H{\"a}ufigkeiten wurden mittels Kontingenzanalysen, Fishers exaktem Test sowie Kaplan-Meier-Survival-Funktionen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Kontaminationsereignisse mit potentiell infekti{\"o}sen K{\"o}rpermaterialien stellen mit knapp einem Ereignis pro Tag an einem deutschen Universit{\"a}tsklinikum h{\"a}ufige Arbeitsunf{\"a}lle dar. Ein erh{\"o}htes Kontaminationsrisiko scheint unter Besch{\"a}ftigten der operativen F{\"a}cher, der Desinfektion/Sterilisation, Hebammen und Kardiotechniker zu bestehen. Niedrige Hepatitis B-Impfraten fanden sich unter Zahnmedizinstudierenden. Diskussion: Anhand der insgesamt niedrigen Kontaminations- und hohen Hepatitis B-Durchimpfungsraten kann auf sichere Arbeitsbedingungen geschlossen werden, vorbehaltlich niedriger Dunkelziffern. Allerdings sollte aufgrund der teils geringen Kopfzahlen in den Risikoberufsgruppen eine besonders tiefgreifende Evaluation der Arbeitsbedingungen zur Risikoreduktion von Kontaminationsereignissen mit potentiell infekti{\"o}sen K{\"o}rpermaterialien erfolgen.}, subject = {Kontamination}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Merker2019, author = {Merker, Katharina}, title = {Analyse zur Kreuzreaktivit{\"a}t von CMV IE-1 VLEETSVML (316-324) spezifischen T-Zellen gegen h{\"a}matologische Neoplasien in gesunden Spendern}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-17776}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177766}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Fr{\"u}her bedeutete eine maligne h{\"a}matologische Erkrankung immer den sicheren Tod. Heutzutage haben viele Patienten mit einer entsprechenden Erkrankung eine realistische Chance auf ein Leben, dank der Stammzelltransplantation. Doch die Stammzelltransplantation birgt auch Risiken. Viele der Patienten k{\"a}mpfen mit der Graft-versus-Host Erkrankung. Bei dieser Erkrankung erkennen die {\"u}bertragenen Lymphozyten des Spenders das Gewebe des Empf{\"a}ngers als fremd und es kommt zur Abstoßung des transplantierten Organs bzw. zu Entz{\"u}ndungen und pathologischen Ver{\"a}nderungen an Haut, Leber und im Magen-Darm-Trakt. Die Spenderlymphozyten sind jedoch auch in der Lage, die noch verbliebenen malignen Tumorzellen des Empf{\"a}ngers zu erkennen und zu eliminieren. Dieser Effekt wird als Graft-versus-Leuk{\"a}mie Reaktion bezeichnet. Neben den Abstoßungsreaktionen spielen Infektionen nach einer Stammzelltransplantation eine große Rolle, da das Immunsystem supprimiert ist. Eine sehr h{\"a}ufige Infektionserkrankung bei stammzelltransplantierten Patienten ist die Cytomegalovirus Infektion. Die weltweite Durchseuchung bei gesunden Menschen liegt bei 40-90 \%. Auch wenn die CMV Infektion bei den meisten immunkompetenten Menschen asymptomatisch verl{\"a}uft, kann sie bei Patienten mit Immundefekten schwerwiegende Folgen haben. Neben den vielen negativen Folgen, die dieses Virus mit sich bringt, zeigen neuere Studien, dass stammzelltransplantierte Patienten mit einer Cytomegalovirus Reaktivierung eine l{\"a}ngere {\"U}berlebenszeit, aufgrund der Senkung der Rezidivrate, haben. Eine m{\"o}gliche Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r diesen Effekt k{\"o}nnte eine virusinduzierte Graft-versus-Leuk{\"a}mie Reaktion sein, bei der die CMV-spezifischen Lymphozyten die Tumorantigene erkennen und eliminieren. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Kreuzreaktivit{\"a}t von den CMV IE-1 VLEETSVML spezifischen T-Zellen mit verschiedenen Tumor assoziierten Antigenen (PRAME, NY-ESO, bcl-2, Proteinase 3, MUC-1 und WT1) analysiert. Hierf{\"u}r wurden gesunde, CMV seropositive Spender herangezogen, die IE-1 VLEETSVML T-Zellen hatten, und mit dem IE-1-A2 VLEETSVML Peptid expandiert werden konnten. Nach Anreicherung der spezifischen Lymphozyten {\"u}ber mehrere Wochen, erfolgte ein Funktionalit{\"a}tstest, mit dem Nachweis von IFNγ und CD107a, als Zeichen der spezifischen Aktivierung der IE-1 VLEETSVML HLA-A*0201 T-Lymphozyten durch die Tumor assoziierten Antigene. Bei keinem der eingesetzten Tumor assoziierten Antigene fand eine Aktivierung des T-Zell-Rezeptors der CMV IE-1 spezifischen T-Lymphozyten statt.}, subject = {Kreuzreaktivit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Pohlmann2015, author = {Pohlmann, Sabrina}, title = {Analysen zur zellul{\"a}ren Immunrekonstitution nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130695}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2015}, abstract = {F{\"u}r viele h{\"a}matopoetische Erkrankungen, wie Lymphome oder Leuk{\"a}mien, stellt die allogene Stammzelltransplantation auch heute noch die einzige Heilungschance dar. Dabei ist der Wiederaufbau des Immunsystems nach der Transplantation von essentieller Bedeutung f{\"u}r das {\"U}berleben der Patienten. In dieser Arbeit wurden 27 Patienten nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation an vier definierten Messzeitpunkten (Tag 30, 60, 90 und 120 nach Transplantation) auf ihre Immunrekonstitution hin untersucht und die dabei erhobenen Daten auf gemeinsame Verl{\"a}ufe und eine m{\"o}gliche Korrelation zur Klinik der Patienten untersucht. Die Zellen wurden dabei anhand ihrer Oberfl{\"a}chenmarker gef{\"a}rbt und mittels Durchflusszytometrie gemessen. Um spezifische T-Zellen zu detektieren, wurden die Zellen zus{\"a}tzlich vor dem F{\"a}rben {\"u}ber Nacht mit spezifischen Peptiden stimuliert und dann ihre IFNgamma - Produktion gemessen. Zur Messung der Tregs wurde ein spezielles Kit zur F{\"a}rbung des Markers Foxp3 verwendet. Es zeigte sich dabei, dass die NK-Zellen die „erste Welle" der Immunrekonstitution darstellen, die T-Zellen erholen sich dagegen erst sp{\"a}ter als eine Art „zweite Welle". CD8+ zytotoxische T-Zellen sind bei den Patienten gegen{\"u}ber CD4+ T - Helferzellen {\"u}ber den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum hinweg dominant, genau umgekehrt zu Gesunden. Die B-Zellen stellten konstant die niedrigste und sich am langsamsten regenerierende Population dar, bei kleineren untersuchten Zellpopulationen war kein einheitlicher Verlauf erkennbar. Diese Daten zeigen, dass das angeborene Immunsystem im Zeitraum nach Transplantation den Hauptschutz f{\"u}r die Patienten bietet, w{\"a}hrend sich das adaptive Immunsystem in seiner Gr{\"o}ße und Funktionsf{\"a}higkeit erst {\"u}ber eine sehr viel l{\"a}ngere Zeit hinweg erholt und erst sp{\"a}ter wieder die Hauptschutzfunktion f{\"u}r den Organismus {\"u}bernehmen kann. G{\"a}ngige Beschreibungen von T - Zellsubpopulationen, den central und effector memory T-Zellen nach Sallusto und Rezvani, die in der Literatur gleichbedeutend verwendet werden, lassen sich in einem Kollektiv mit stammzelltransplantierten Patienten nicht zur Deckung bringen. Bei der Rekonstitution von spezifischen T-Zellen konnten im Beobachtungszeitraum von 120 Tagen keine Antworten auf die Stimulation mit tumorspezifischen Peptiden gezeigt werden, eine Reaktion auf die Stimulation mit CMV - Peptiden war bei f{\"u}nf Patienten zu erkennen, wobei dies nur bei Patienten der Fall war, die einen CMV positiven Stammzellspender aufwiesen, was als Voraussetzung f{\"u}r eine schnelle CMV spezifische T-Zellimmunrekonstitution anzusehen ist. Deshalb sollte zuk{\"u}nftig noch st{\"a}rker auf die Auswahl der Stammzellspender bei der allogenen Stammzelltransplantation geachtet werden, um den Empf{\"a}ngern m{\"o}glichst optimale Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r eine schnelle T - Zellrekonstitution und so einen m{\"o}glichenen Schutz gegen eine CMV-Reaktivierung zu bieten. Bei der Rekonstitution der Tregs konnte in diesem Patientenkollektiv keine Korrelation zwischen ihrem Verlauf oder ihrer Anzahl und der Entwicklung einer GvHD oder Infektion gezeigt werden. Diese Tatsache deutet darauf hin, dass die bisher erhobenen Daten, die stets in Kollektiven mit engen Einschlusskriterien und oft {\"a}hnlichen Konstellationen was Spender und Empf{\"a}nger angeht, nicht auf alle Stammzelltransplantationspatienten und Spender {\"u}bertragbar sind. Es sollte daher zuk{\"u}nftig in gr{\"o}ßeren repr{\"a}sentativen Kollektiven eine erneute Untersuchung der regulatorischen T-Zellen erfolgen. Auch zuk{\"u}nftig wird die Immunrekonstitution nach Stammzelltransplantation Gegenstand vieler Studien bleiben, um so die Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r und das Outcome nach der Transplantation f{\"u}r die Patienten st{\"a}ndig zu verbessern. In der vorgelegten Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die bisher in der Literatur erhobenen Ergebnisse auf ein heterogenes Fremdspenderkollektiv ohne spezielle Einschlusskriterien, wie es also der Situation im klinischen Alltag am n{\"a}chsten kommt, nicht {\"u}bertragbar sind, sondern sich vielmehr wesentliche Unterschiede ergeben. Es sollte daher in zuk{\"u}nftigen Untersuchungen ein Augenmerk auf die Verwendung repr{\"a}sentativerer Kollektive f{\"u}r die klinische Realit{\"a}t geachtet werden.}, subject = {Stammzelltransplantation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{DasGupta2013, author = {Das Gupta, Mithun}, title = {Analyse von MicroRNA-Profilen in humanen dendritischen Zellen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-108326}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The field of microRNA research has gained enormous significance during recent years. Current studies have shown that microRNAs play an important role in many biological processes via posttranscriptional gene regulation. This also applies for the TLR-mediated recognition of pathogens by immune cells. Among others, the microRNAs miR-132, miR-146a and miR-155 have been characterized by various authors. However, the specific role of microRNAs in the defense against fungal infections by Aspergillus fumigatus has not been investigated so far, although this ubiquitous mold causes severe infections in immuno-compromised patients. As dendritic cells play a pivotal part in the in vivo recognition of A. fumigatus, the present study investigates the reaction of these cells to A. fumigatus and other pathogens on the microRNA level. For this purpose, dendritic cells were incubated with different forms of A. fumigatus and other pathogens for up to twelve hours. Subsequently, the expression of miR-132, miR-146a and miR-155 was quantified by real-time PCR. Levels of miR-132 in dendritic cells were significantly increased after stimulation with living germ tubes of A. fum, but showed no change after treatment with LPS. Relative expression level of miR-146a was moderately elevated upon stimulation with LPS, but did not respond to co-cultivation with living germ tubes. MiR-155 was highly induced by both stimuli. These results show, that dependent on the stimulus, microRNAs are differentially regulated in dendritic cells. Among the tested microRNAs, miR-155 showed the strongest and most stable expression values. Therefore, further experiments focused on this mircoRNA. It was shown, that the up-regulation of miR-155 is dependent on the germination stage of the fungus. Induction of miR-155 was low with conidia, moderate with hyphae and high with germ tubes. The extent of miR-155 induction also corresponded with the multiplicity of infection (MOI), with higher MOIs triggering a stronger miR-155 response. These results suggest that miR-132 and miR-155 play an important role in the immunologic reaction of DCs against A. fumigatus and that a further characterization of these microRNA, especially with respect to their specific function in DCs, could contribute to the understanding of the biological mechanisms of Aspergillosis.}, subject = {Aspergillus fumigatus}, language = {en} } @article{RiegerLissMellinghoffetal.2018, author = {Rieger, C. T. and Liss, B. and Mellinghoff, S. and Buchheidt, D. and Cornely, O. A. and Egerer, G. and Heinz, W. J. and Hentrich, M. and Maschmeyer, G. and Mayer, K. and Sandherr, M. and Silling, G. and Ullmann, A. and Vehreschild, M. J. G. T. and von Lilienfeld-Toal, M. and Wolf, H. H. and Lehners, N.}, title = {Anti-infective vaccination strategies in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors-Guideline of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)}, series = {Annals of Oncology}, volume = {29}, journal = {Annals of Oncology}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdy117}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226196}, pages = {1354-1365}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Infectious complications are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies specifically when receiving anticancer treatments. Prevention of infection through vaccines is an important aspect of clinical care of cancer patients. Immunocompromising effects of the underlying disease as well as of antineoplastic therapies need to be considered when devising vaccination strategies. This guideline provides clinical recommendations on vaccine use in cancer patients including autologous stem cell transplant recipients, while allogeneic stem cell transplantation is subject of a separate guideline. The document was prepared by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) by reviewing currently available data and applying evidence-based medicine criteria.}, language = {en} } @article{ZaitsevaHoffmannLoestetal.2023, author = {Zaitseva, Olena and Hoffmann, Annett and L{\"o}st, Margaretha and Anany, Mohamed A. and Zhang, Tengyu and Kucka, Kirstin and Wiegering, Armin and Otto, Christoph and Wajant, Harald}, title = {Antibody-based soluble and membrane-bound TWEAK mimicking agonists with FcγR-independent activity}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194610}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323116}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) activates the classical and alternative NFκB (nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells) signaling pathway but also enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death. Fn14 expression is upregulated in non-hematopoietic cells during tissue injury and is also often highly expressed in solid cancers. In view of the latter, there were and are considerable preclinical efforts to target Fn14 for tumor therapy, either by exploiting Fn14 as a target for antibodies with cytotoxic activity (e.g. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-inducing IgG variants, antibody drug conjugates) or by blocking antibodies with the aim to interfere with protumoral Fn14 activities. Noteworthy, there are yet no attempts to target Fn14 with agonistic Fc effector function silenced antibodies to unleash the proinflammatory and cell death-enhancing activities of this receptor for tumor therapy. This is certainly not at least due to the fact that anti-Fn14 antibodies only act as effective agonists when they are presented bound to Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Thus, there are so far no antibodies that robustly and selectively engage Fn14 signaling without triggering unwanted FcγR-mediated activities. In this study, we investigated a panel of variants of the anti-Fn14 antibody 18D1 of different valencies and domain architectures with respect to their inherent FcγR-independent ability to trigger Fn14-associated signaling pathways. In contrast to conventional 18D1, the majority of 18D1 antibody variants with four or more Fn14 binding sites displayed a strong ability to trigger the alternative NFκB pathway and to enhance TNF-induced cell death and therefore resemble in their activity soluble (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), one form of the natural occurring ligand of Fn14. Noteworthy, activation of the classical NFκB pathway, which naturally is predominately triggered by membrane-bound TWEAK but not soluble TWEAK, was preferentially observed with a subset of constructs containing Fn14 binding sites at opposing sites of the IgG scaffold, e.g. IgG1-scFv fusion proteins. A superior ability of IgG1-scFv fusion proteins to trigger classical NFκB signaling was also observed with the anti-Fn14 antibody PDL192 suggesting that we identified generic structures for Fn14 antibody variants mimicking soluble and membrane-bound TWEAK.}, language = {en} } @article{PrommersbergerHudecekNerreter2020, author = {Prommersberger, Sabrina and Hudecek, Michael and Nerreter, Thomas}, title = {Antibody-Based CAR T Cells Produced by Lentiviral Transduction}, series = {Current Protocols in Immunology}, volume = {128}, journal = {Current Protocols in Immunology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1002/cpim.93}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215497}, year = {2020}, abstract = {One promising approach to treat hematologic malignancies is the usage of patient-derived CAR T cells. There are continuous efforts to improve the function of these cells, to optimize their receptor, and to use them for the treatment of additional types of cancer and especially solid tumors. In this protocol, an easy and reliable approach for CAR T cell generation is described. T cells are first isolated from peripheral blood (here: leukoreduction system chambers) and afterwards activated for one day with anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads. The gene transfer is performed by lentiviral transduction and gene transfer rate can be verified by flowcytometric analysis. Six days after transduction, the stimulatory Dynabeads are removed. T cells are cultured in interleukin-2 conditioned medium for several days for expansion. There is an option to expand CAR T cells further by co-incubation with irradiated, antigen-expressing feeder cell lines. The CAR T cells are ready to use after 10 (without feeder cell expansion) to 24 days (with feeder cell expansion).}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schwab2012, author = {Schwab, Julia}, title = {Antimikrobielle Aktivit{\"a}t humaner Kolonepithelzellen gegen{\"u}ber E. coli Nissle unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Cathelicidins LL-37}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-105563}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Antimikrobielle Peptide und Proteine spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der angeborenen Immunabwehr. Sie sind auf verschiedenen Schleimhautoberfl{\"a}chen des K{\"o}rpers zu finden, zum Beispiel auch in der Schleimschicht des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Beim Menschen sind drei Familien antimikrobiell wirksamer Peptide bekannt: die Defensine, die Cathelicidine und die Histatine. LL-37 ist das einzige Cathelicidin, das bisher beim Menschen gefunden wurde. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, den Effekt des probiotischen Bakteriums E. coli Nissle auf die LL-37-Genexpression in Kolonepithelzellen zu analysieren. Zun{\"a}chst wurde hierf{\"u}r die bakterizide Wirksamkeit von synthetischem LL-37 auf E. coli Nissle in vitro nachgewiesen. Anschließend wurde die antimikrobielle Aktivit{\"a}t verschiedener Kolonepithelzelllinien gegen{\"u}ber E. coli Nissle untersucht und die LL-37-Genexpression in den Zelllinien bestimmt. Zwei der vier untersuchten Zelllinien (SW 620 und Geki-2) zeigten eine signifikante antimikrobielle Aktivit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber E. coli Nissle. Die LL-37-Genexpression wurde in den Zelllinien T84 und Geki-2 gesteigert. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann man folgern, dass die antimikrobielle Aktivit{\"a}t der Zelllinie Geki-2 auf eine erh{\"o}hte LL-37-Expression zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist, w{\"a}hrend die antimikrobielle Aktivit{\"a}t der Zelllinie SW 620 unabh{\"a}ngig von der LL-37-Expression ist. Die probiotische Wirksamkeit des Bakteriums E. coli Nissle k{\"o}nnte somit unter anderem durch eine Induktion der LL-37-Genexpression in differenzierten Kolonepithelzellen erkl{\"a}rt werden.}, subject = {Escherichia Coli}, language = {de} } @article{SolimandoPalumboPragnelletal.2022, author = {Solimando, Antonio G. and Palumbo, Carmen and Pragnell, Mary Victoria and Bittrich, Max and Argentiero, Antonella and Krebs, Markus}, title = {Aplastic anemia as a roadmap for bone marrow failure: an overview and a clinical workflow}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {19}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms231911765}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290440}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that bone marrow (BM) failures and myeloid malignancy predisposition syndromes are characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum and that these diseases must be considered in the differential diagnosis of children and adults with unexplained hematopoiesis defects. Clinically, hypocellular BM failure still represents a challenge in pathobiology-guided treatment. There are three fundamental topics that emerged from our review of the existing data. An exogenous stressor, an immune defect, and a constitutional genetic defect fuel a vicious cycle of hematopoietic stem cells, immune niches, and stroma compartments. A wide phenotypic spectrum exists for inherited and acquired BM failures and predispositions to myeloid malignancies. In order to effectively manage patients, it is crucial to establish the right diagnosis. New theragnostic windows can be revealed by exploring BM failure pathomechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{BochSpiessHeinzetal.2019, author = {Boch, Tobias and Spiess, Birgit and Heinz, Werner and Cornely, Oliver A. and Schwerdtfeger, Rainer and Hahn, Joachim and Krause, Stefan W. and Duerken, Matthias and Bertz, Hartmut and Reuter, Stefan and Kiehl, Michael and Claus, Bernd and Deckert, Peter Markus and Hofmann, Wolf-Karsten and Buchheidt, Dieter and Reinwald, Mark}, title = {Aspergillus specific nested PCR from the site of infection is superior to testing concurrent blood samples in immunocompromised patients with suspected invasive aspergillosis}, series = {Mycoses}, volume = {62}, journal = {Mycoses}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1111/myc.12983}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214065}, pages = {1035 -- 1042}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis is crucial to decrease its high mortality, yet the diagnostic gold standard (histopathology and culture) is time-consuming and cannot offer early confirmation of IA. Detection of IA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows promising potential. Various studies have analysed its diagnostic performance in different clinical settings, especially addressing optimal specimen selection. However, direct comparison of different types of specimens in individual patients though essential, is rarely reported. We systematically assessed the diagnostic performance of an Aspergillus-specific nested PCR by investigating specimens from the site of infection and comparing it with concurrent blood samples in individual patients (pts) with IA. In a retrospective multicenter analysis PCR was performed on clinical specimens (n = 138) of immunocompromised high-risk pts (n = 133) from the site of infection together with concurrent blood samples. 38 pts were classified as proven/probable, 67 as possible and 28 as no IA according to 2008 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions. A considerably superior performance of PCR from the site of infection was observed particularly in pts during antifungal prophylaxis (AFP)/antifungal therapy (AFT). Besides a specificity of 85\%, sensitivity varied markedly in BAL (64\%), CSF (100\%), tissue samples (67\%) as opposed to concurrent blood samples (8\%). Our results further emphasise the need for investigating clinical samples from the site of infection in case of suspected IA to further establish or rule out the diagnosis.}, language = {en} } @article{GrunzKunzBaumannetal.2023, author = {Grunz, Jan-Peter and Kunz, Andreas Steven and Baumann, Freerk T. and Hasenclever, Dirk and Sieren, Malte Maria and Heldmann, Stefan and Bley, Thorsten Alexander and Einsele, Hermann and Knop, Stefan and Jundt, Franziska}, title = {Assessing osteolytic lesion size on sequential CT scans is a reliable study endpoint for bone remineralization in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {15}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {15}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers15154008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-362526}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Multiple myeloma (MM) frequently induces persisting osteolytic manifestations despite hematologic treatment response. This study aimed to establish a biometrically valid study endpoint for bone remineralization through quantitative and qualitative analyses in sequential CT scans. Twenty patients (seven women, 58 ± 8 years) with newly diagnosed MM received standardized induction therapy comprising the anti-SLAMF7 antibody elotuzumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (E-KRd). All patients underwent whole-body low-dose CT scans before and after six cycles of E-KRd. Two radiologists independently recorded osteolytic lesion sizes, as well as the presence of cortical destruction, pathologic fractures, rim and trabecular sclerosis. Bland-Altman analyses and Krippendorff's α were employed to assess inter-reader reliability, which was high for lesion size measurement (standard error 1.2 mm) and all qualitative criteria assessed (α ≥ 0.74). After six cycles of E-KRd induction, osteolytic lesion size decreased by 22\% (p \< 0.001). While lesion size response did not correlate with the initial lesion size at baseline imaging (Pearson's r = 0.144), logistic regression analysis revealed that the majority of responding osteolyses exhibited trabecular sclerosis (p \< 0.001). The sum of osteolytic lesion sizes on sequential CT scans defines a reliable study endpoint to characterize bone remineralization. Patient level response is strongly associated with the presence of trabecular sclerosis.}, language = {en} } @article{ScharbatkeBehrensSchmalzingetal.2016, author = {Scharbatke, Eva C. and Behrens, Frank and Schmalzing, Marc and Koehm, Michaela and Greger, Gerd and Gnann, Holger and Burkhardt, Harald and Tony, Hans-Peter}, title = {Association of improvement in pain with therapeutic response as determined by individual improvement criteria in patients with rheumatoid arthritis}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {68}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1002/acr.22884}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186817}, pages = {1607-1615}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective To use statistical methods to establish a threshold for individual response in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods We used an analysis of variance model in patients on stable therapy (discovery cohort) to establish critical differences (d(crit)) for the minimum change associated with a significant individual patient response (beyond normal variation) in the PRO measures of pain (0-10), fatigue (0-10), and function (Funktionsfragebogen Hannover questionnaire; 0-100). We then evaluated PRO responses in patients initiating adalimumab in a noninterventional study (treatment cohort). Results In the discovery cohort (n=700), PROs showed excellent long-term retest reliability. The minimum change that exceeded random fluctuation was conservatively determined to be 3 points for pain, 4 points for fatigue, and 16 points for function. In the treatment cohort (n=2,788), 1,483 patients (53.2\%) achieved a significant individual therapeutic response as assessed by Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)-d(crit) (1.8 points) after 12 months of adalimumab treatment; 68.5\% of patients with a DAS28-d(crit) response achieved a significant improvement in pain, whereas approximately 40\% achieved significant improvements in fatigue or function. Significant improvements in all 3 PROs occurred in 22.7\% of patients; 22.8\% did not have any significant PRO responses. In contrast, significant improvements in all 3 PROs occurred in only 4.4\% of 1,305 patients who did not achieve a DAS28-d(crit) response at month 12, and 59.1\% did not achieve any significant PRO responses. Conclusion The establishment of critical differences in PROs distinguishes true responses from random variation and provides insights into appropriate patient management.}, language = {en} } @article{KosmalaSerflingDreheretal.2022, author = {Kosmala, Aleksander and Serfling, Sebastian E. and Dreher, Niklas and Lindner, Thomas and Schirbel, Andreas and Lapa, Constantin and Higuchi, Takahiro and Buck, Andreas K. and Weich, Alexander and Werner, Rudolf A.}, title = {Associations between normal organs and tumor burden in patients imaged with fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-directed positron emission tomography}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {14}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {11}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers14112609}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-275154}, year = {2022}, abstract = {(1) Background: We aimed to quantitatively investigate [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in normal organs and to assess a relationship with the extent of FAPI-avid tumor burden. (2) Methods: In this single-center retrospective analysis, thirty-four patients with solid cancers underwent a total of 40 [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans. Mean standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{mean}\)) for normal organs were established by placing volumes of interest (VOIs) in the heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and bone marrow. Total tumor burden was determined by manual segmentation of tumor lesions with increased uptake. For tumor burden, quantitative assessment included maximum SUV (SUV\(_{max}\)), tumor volume (TV), and fractional tumor activity (FTA = TV × SUV\(_{mean}\)). Associations between uptake in normal organs and tumor burden were investigated by applying Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. (3) Results: Median SUV\(_{mean}\) values were 2.15 in the pancreas (range, 1.05-9.91), 1.42 in the right (range, 0.57-3.06) and 1.41 in the left kidney (range, 0.73-2.97), 1.2 in the heart (range, 0.46-2.59), 0.86 in the spleen (range, 0.55-1.58), 0.65 in the liver (range, 0.31-2.11), and 0.57 in the bone marrow (range, 0.26-0.94). We observed a trend towards significance for uptake in the myocardium and tumor-derived SUV\(_{max}\) (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.07) and TV (ρ = -0.30, p = 0.06). No significant correlation was achieved for any of the other organs: SUV\(_{max}\) (ρ ≤ 0.1, p ≥ 0.42), TV (ρ ≤ 0.11, p ≥ 0.43), and FTA (ρ ≤ 0.14, p ≥ 0.38). In a sub-analysis exclusively investigating patients with high tumor burden, significant correlations of myocardial uptake with tumor SUV\(_{max}\) (ρ = 0.44; p = 0.03) and tumor-derived FTA with liver uptake (ρ = 0.47; p = 0.02) were recorded. (4) Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, quantification of [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET showed no significant correlation between normal organs and tumor burden, except for a trend in the myocardium. Those preliminary findings may trigger future studies to determine possible implications for treatment with radioactive FAP-targeted drugs, as higher tumor load or uptake may not lead to decreased doses in the majority of normal organs.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Strizek2006, author = {Strizek, Brigitte Sabine}, title = {Assoziation der renalen Na+,K+-ATPase mit dem ERM-Protein Moesin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-17842}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Die Na+,K+-ATPase ist das wichtigste Na+ und K+ transportierende integrale Membranprotein des menschlichen K{\"o}rpers. Es ist verantwortlich f{\"u}r die Ausbildung eines transmembran{\"a}ren Na+ und K+ Gradienten und die Aufrechterhaltung des Membranpotentials, das f{\"u}r die osmotische Stabilit{\"a}t der Zellen, Erregbarkeit von Nerven- und Muskelzellen und diverse Transportvorg{\"a}nge unerl{\"a}sslich ist. Die Beschr{\"a}nkung der Na+,K+-ATPase auf die basolateralen Zellwandabschnitte, erm{\"o}glichen den gerichteten Transport von NaCl und Wasser durch Epithelien von Darm und Niere. Die polare Verteilung der Na+,K+-ATPase scheint durch die Bindung {\"u}ber Ankyrin an das Spektrinzytoskelett zustande zu kommen. Außer mit Ankyrin konnte eine Assoziation der renalen Na+,K+-ATPase mit Aktin und zwei bis dahin unbekannten Proteinen Pasin 1 und 2 nachgewiesen werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, zu untersuchen, ob es sich bei dem als Pasin 2 benannten Protein um Moesin, ein Mitglied der FERM Familie (Protein 4.1, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) handelt. Diese Proteine fungieren als Verbindungselemente zwischen integralen Membranproteinen und dem Aktinzytoskelett. Pasin 2 wurde aus Schweinenieren isoliert und massenspektrometrisch sequenziert. Anschließend wurde die Sequenz mit der von Moesin verglichen und die Identit{\"a}t der beiden Proteine best{\"a}tigt. Aus Schweinenieren isoliertes Pasin 2 reagierte zudem im Immunoblot spezifisch mit anti-Moesin Antik{\"o}rpern und zeigte in der Immunfluoreszenz eine Kolokalisation mit der Na+,K+-ATPase. Anschließend konnte in vitro durch Kosedimentation eine direkte Bindung von rekombinantem Moesin an die Na+,K+-ATPase nachgewiesen werden. Da sich die Bindungsstelle f{\"u}r andere Membranproteine auf dem aminoterminalen Anteil der ERM Proteine befindet, wurde untersucht, ob dies auch f{\"u}r die Na+,K+-ATPase zutrifft. Durch Bindungsstudien mit rekombinanten N-terminalen Moesin konnte dies best{\"a}tigt werden. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, dass die renale Na+,K+-ATPase neben Ankyrin auch {\"u}ber Moesin mit dem Zytoskelett verbunden ist. Zus{\"a}tzlich zeigte sich, dass die Bindung von Moesin an die Na+,K+-ATPase durch einen Antik{\"o}rper gegen die große zytoplasmatische Dom{\"a}ne der Na+,K+-ATPase verhindert werden kann, was die Moesinbindung an dieser Dom{\"a}ne wahrscheinlich macht. Da sich sowohl die Bindungsstelle f{\"u}r Ankyrin als auch das aktive Zentrum des Enzyms auf dieser Dom{\"a}ne befinden, k{\"o}nnte die Moesinbindung sowohl Einfluss auf die Aktivit{\"a}t als auch auf die Ankyrinbindung der Na+,K+-ATPase aus{\"u}ben, wie auch die Bindung des erythrozyt{\"a}ren Anionenaustauschers (AE1) an Ankyrin durch das Protein 4.1 ver{\"a}ndert werden kann.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schlosser2008, author = {Schloßer, Irmgard Juliane}, title = {Auftreten von Clostridium difficile Infektionen bei AML-Patienten in der medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik II von Januar 2000 bis Juni 2005}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-28343}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Auftreten von Clostridium difficile Infektionen bei AML-Patienten in der medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik II der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg zwischen Januar 2000 und Juni 2005 untersucht. Es wurden retrospektiv die Akten von 116 Patienten ausgewertet. Davon entwickelten 36 Patienten, als 31\% mindestens einmal eine Infektion mit Clostridium difficile. Bei 329 verabreichten Zyklen Polychemotherapie kam es in 53 F{\"a}llen, also in 16\% zu einer Infektion mit Clostridium difficile. In allen F{\"a}llen ging der Clostridium difficile Infektion zus{\"a}tzlich zur Polychemotherpie auch eine Antibiotikatherapie voraus. Clostridium difficile Infektionen unabh{\"a}ngig von einer Antibiotikatherapie wurden nicht beobachtet. Insbesondere beim zweiten verabreichten Zyklus einer Chemotherapie kam es geh{\"a}uft zu Clostridium difficile Infektionen. Bei Patienten unter 60 Jahren kam es in 39\% aller verabreichten Zyklen zu einer Clostridium difficile Infektion, bei Patienten, die {\"a}lter waren als 60 Jahre, nur in 11\%. M{\"o}glicherweise sind hier die intensiveren Chemotherapieschemata verantwortlich, die j{\"u}ngeren Patienten verabreicht wird. Es konnten Schwankungen in der Inzidenz von Clostridium difficile in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom verwendeten Chemotherapieprotokoll festgestellt werden. Besonders deutlich zeigte sich dies beim Vergleich der Doppel-Induktion nach dem DA-Protokoll und der Induktion nach dem MAV-MAMAC Protokoll. Bei der Doppelinduktion nach dem DA-Protokolle kam es bei 15\% der Patienten zu einer Clostridium difficile induzierten Diarrh{\"o}, bei Doppelinduktion nach dem MAV- MAMAC- Protokoll in 60\% der F{\"a}lle. R{\"u}ckf{\"a}lle der Clostridium difficile Infektion stellen ein h{\"a}ufiges Problem dar. Bei einem Drittel der Patienten mit Clostridium difficile Infektion, die mehr als einen Zyklus Chemotherapie erhielten kam es zu einem erneuten Auftreten der Erkrankung. Die Inzidenz der Clostridium difficile Infektionen in den verschiedenen Jahren schwankte erheblich zwischen 4\% und 32\% der F{\"a}lle. Besonders auff{\"a}llig war eine hohe Inzidenz im Jahr 2000. Dabei kann retrospektiv nicht mehr festgestellt werden, was die Ursache war. M{\"o}glicherweise handelte es sich hier um einen besonders virulenten Stamm. Eine weitere Ursache k{\"o}nnte sein, dass es im Jahr 2000 Probleme bei der Einhaltung der Hygienemaßnahmen gab.}, subject = {Clostridium-difficile-Infektion}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{MuellerZentis2023, author = {M{\"u}ller-Zentis, Ariane}, title = {Auswirkungen von Distress auf den Transplantationsverlauf bei Patienten mit Multiplen Myelom w{\"a}hrend der autologen Stammzelltransplantation. Subanalyse von Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zwischen posttraumatischen Symptomen und klinischen Variablen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-34503}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345032}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss psychosozialer Belastungsfaktoren auf den Verlauf einer Stammzelltransplantation zu untersuchen. Die prim{\"a}re Fragestellung war, ob sich das Vorliegen einer posttraumatischen Belastungsst{\"o}rung (PTSD) auf die Dauer der Immunrekonstitution, gemessen an der Aplasiezeit, auswirkt. Der Untersuchung liegen Daten aus der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik II des Universit{\"a}tsklinikums W{\"u}rzburg zugrunde, die im Rahmen einer monozentrischen Querschnittsstudie erhoben wurden. An der Studie nahmen 50 Patienten mit der Diagnose eines Multiplen Myeloms teil, die am Tag ihrer ersten autologen Stammzelltransplantation befragt wurden. Anhand von Frageb{\"o}gen konnten die Patienten Angaben zu ihrer individuellen psychischen Belastung machen. F{\"u}r die statistische Auswertung wurden die Angaben aus dem NCCN-Distress-Thermometer und dem PCL-C ausgewertet.}, subject = {Psychoneuroimmunologie}, language = {de} } @article{GernertTonySchwanecketal.2019, author = {Gernert, Michael and Tony, Hans-Peter and Schwaneck, Eva Christina and Gadeholt, Ottar and Schmalzing, Marc}, title = {Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis induces long-lasting changes in B cell homeostasis toward an anti-inflammatory B cell cytokine pattern}, series = {Arthritis Research \& Therapy}, volume = {21}, journal = {Arthritis Research \& Therapy}, doi = {10.1186/s13075-019-1889-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201004}, pages = {106}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is performed in patients with aggressive forms of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The profile of B cell reconstitution after aHSCT is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate changes of B cell subsets and cytokine production of B cells in patients with SSc after aHSCT. Methods Peripheral blood of six patients with SSc was collected at defined intervals up to 16 months after aHSCT. Immunophenotyping was performed, and B cell function was determined by measuring cytokine secretion in supernatants of stimulated B cell cultures. Results Within 1 month after aHSCT, a peak in the percentage of CD38\(^{++}\)/CD10\(^+\)/IgD\(^+\) transitional B cells and CD38\(^{++}\)/CD27\(^{++}\)/IgD\(^-\) plasmablasts was detected. Long-term changes persisted up to 14 months after aHSCT and showed an increased percentage of total B cells; the absolute B cell number did not change significantly. Within the B cell compartment, an increased CD27/IgD\(^+\) na{\"i}ve B cell percentage was found whereas decreased percentages of CD27\(^+\)/IgD\(^+\) pre-switched memory, CD27\(^+\)/IgD\(^-\) post-switched memory, and CD27\(^-\) /IgD\(^-\) double-negative B cells were seen after aHSCT. Cytokine secretion in B cell cultures showed significantly increased IL-10 concentrations 13 to 16 months after aHSCT. Conclusion A changed composition of the B cell compartment is present for up to 14 months after aHSCT indicating positive persisting effects of aHSCT on B cell homeostasis. The cytokine secretion profile of B cells changes in the long term and shows an increased production of the immune regulatory cytokine IL-10 after aHSCT. These findings might promote the clinical improvements after aHSCT in SSc patients.}, language = {en} } @article{FroehlichSchwaneckGernertetal.2020, author = {Froehlich, Matthias and Schwaneck, Eva C. and Gernert, Michael and Gadeholt, Ottar and Strunz, Patrick-Pascal and Morbach, Henner and Tony, Hans-Peter and Schmalzing, Marc}, title = {Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Case of Successful Treatment of Severe Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, number = {1317}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01317}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206972}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in adults. It is associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, recurring infections and autoimmune phenomena. Treatment includes immunoglobulin substitution and immunosuppressants. Autoimmune neurological manifestations of CVID are rare and occur predominantly as granulomatous disease. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman with CVID who developed autoimmune encephalitis as demonstrated by double cerebral biopsy. Infectious or malignant causes could be excluded. Despite intensive immunosuppressive therapy with common regimens no significant improvement could be achieved. Ultimately, an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed, resulting in lasting complete remission of the encephalitis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of refractory autoimmune phenomena in CVID treated by autologous HSCT.}, language = {en} } @article{KrenzerHeilFittingetal., author = {Krenzer, Adrian and Heil, Stefan and Fitting, Daniel and Matti, Safa and Zoller, Wolfram G. and Hann, Alexander and Puppe, Frank}, title = {Automated classification of polyps using deep learning architectures and few-shot learning}, series = {BMC Medical Imaging}, volume = {23}, journal = {BMC Medical Imaging}, doi = {10.1186/s12880-023-01007-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357465}, abstract = {Background Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The best method to prevent CRC is a colonoscopy. However, not all colon polyps have the risk of becoming cancerous. Therefore, polyps are classified using different classification systems. After the classification, further treatment and procedures are based on the classification of the polyp. Nevertheless, classification is not easy. Therefore, we suggest two novel automated classifications system assisting gastroenterologists in classifying polyps based on the NICE and Paris classification. Methods We build two classification systems. One is classifying polyps based on their shape (Paris). The other classifies polyps based on their texture and surface patterns (NICE). A two-step process for the Paris classification is introduced: First, detecting and cropping the polyp on the image, and secondly, classifying the polyp based on the cropped area with a transformer network. For the NICE classification, we design a few-shot learning algorithm based on the Deep Metric Learning approach. The algorithm creates an embedding space for polyps, which allows classification from a few examples to account for the data scarcity of NICE annotated images in our database. Results For the Paris classification, we achieve an accuracy of 89.35 \%, surpassing all papers in the literature and establishing a new state-of-the-art and baseline accuracy for other publications on a public data set. For the NICE classification, we achieve a competitive accuracy of 81.13 \% and demonstrate thereby the viability of the few-shot learning paradigm in polyp classification in data-scarce environments. Additionally, we show different ablations of the algorithms. Finally, we further elaborate on the explainability of the system by showing heat maps of the neural network explaining neural activations. Conclusion Overall we introduce two polyp classification systems to assist gastroenterologists. We achieve state-of-the-art performance in the Paris classification and demonstrate the viability of the few-shot learning paradigm in the NICE classification, addressing the prevalent data scarcity issues faced in medical machine learning.}, language = {en} } @article{ZaitsevaAnanyWajantetal.2023, author = {Zaitseva, Olena and Anany, Mohamed and Wajant, Harald and Lang, Isabell}, title = {Basic characterization of antibodies targeting receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115667}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311407}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Many new immunotherapeutic approaches aim on the stimulatory targeting of receptors of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) using antibodies with intrinsic or conditional agonism. There is an initial need to characterize corresponding TNFRSF receptor (TNFR)-targeting antibodies with respect to affinity, ligand binding, receptor activation and the epitope recognized. Here, we report a collection of simple and matched protocols enabling the detailed investigation of these aspects by help of Gaussia princeps luciferase (GpL) fusion proteins and analysis of interleukin-8 (IL8) production as an easily measurable readout of TNFR activation. In a first step, the antibodies and antibody variants of interest are transiently expressed in human embryonal kidney 293 cells, either in non-modified form or as fusion proteins with GpL as a reporter domain. The supernatants containing the antibody-GpL fusion proteins can then be used without further purification in cell-free and/or cellular binding studies to determine affinity. Similarly, binding studies with mutated TNFR variants enable the characterization of the antibody binding site within the TNFR ectodomain. Furthermore, in cellular binding studies with GpL fusion proteins of soluble TNFL molecules, the ability of the non-modified antibody variants to interfere with TNFL-TNFR interaction can be analyzed. Last but not least, we describe a protocol to determine the intrinsic and the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-dependent agonism of anti-TNFR antibodies which exploits i) the capability of TNFRs to trigger IL8 production in tumor cell lines lacking expression of FcγRs and ii) vector- and FcγR-transfected cells, which produce no or only very low amounts of human IL8. The presented protocols only require standard molecular biological equipment, eukaryotic cell culture and plate readers for the quantification of luminescent and colorimetric signals.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Attinger2010, author = {Attinger, Hannah Marie}, title = {Bedeutung der nukle{\"a}ren Lokalisationssequenz (NLS) des Proteins p8 f{\"u}r die Kerntranslokation und seine Proliferation induzierende Wirkung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47534}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {p8 ist ein erstmals im Zusammenhang mit akuter Pankreatitis beschriebenes Protein, das im exokrinen und endokrinen Pankreas mit vermehrtem Zellwachstum assoziiert ist. Bei der Analyse seiner Prim{\"a}rstruktur wurde ein spezies{\"u}bergreifend hoch konservierter Abschnitt, eine sogenannte NLS, ausgemacht, der HMG-Y/I-Proteinen {\"a}hnelt. Da HMG-Proteine oft als Transkriptionsfaktoren wirken, wurde die Hypothese formuliert, auch p8 sei ein HMG-Y/I-Protein und wirke als Transkriptionsfaktor im Nukleus. Um die Bedeutung der rp8-NLS n{\"a}her zu charakterisieren, wurde in INS-1 beta-Zellen ein rp8(NLS-)-EGFP Fusionsprotein ektopisch exprimiert, um dessen subzellul{\"a}re Lokalisation zu untersuchen. Es zeigte sich, {\"a}hnlich wie bei Kontrollzellen mit ektoper Expression von EGFP allein, eine gleichm{\"a}ßige Verteilung von rp8(NLS-)-EGFP zwischen Zytoplasma und Nukleus. Da rp8(NLS-) trotz fehlender NLS dennoch in den Kern translozieren kann, scheint die NLS f{\"u}r diesen Vorgang nicht essentiell zu sein. Diese Annahme wird gest{\"u}tzt durch die Beobachtung, dass einzeln exprimiertes rp8(NLS-) seine Proliferation induzierende Wirkung nicht verliert. In Zellz{\"a}hlungsexperimenten zeigte sich, dass ein rp8- bzw. p8(NLS-)-EGFP Fusionsprotein keinen proliferationsf{\"o}rdernden Einfluss in INS-1 und hMSC-TERT Zellen hat. Bei ektoper Expression von rp8 bzw. rp8(NLS-) und hrGFP als Einzelproteine konnte jedoch eine zwischen beiden rp8-Varianten {\"a}hnliche und insgesamt signifikante Stimulation der Zellvermehrung beobachtet werden. Dies belegt, dass die Fusion von rp8 an EGFP dessen biologische Funktion inhibiert, w{\"a}hrend die Deletion der NLS keinen Einfluß darauf hat. Da der proliferative Stimulus von p8 in menschlichen hMSC-TERT Zellen unabh{\"a}ngig von der Herkunft von p8 aus Ratte oder Mensch ist, scheint p8 bei S{\"a}ugern hoch konserviert zu sein und spezies{\"u}bergreifend zu wirken. Aus der hier vorgestellten Arbeit geht hervor, dass der molekulare Mechanismus, {\"u}ber den p8 glukoseabh{\"a}ngig proliferationsinduzierend in INS-1 beta-Zellen wirkt, nicht {\"u}ber die NLS vermittelt wird. Weitere Untersuchungen der Wirkungsweise von p8 auf molekularer Ebene k{\"o}nnten in Zukunft einen Ansatz zur in vitro-Generierung ausreichender Mengen an beta-Zellen zur Zelltherapie des Diabetes mellitus bilden.}, subject = {Diabetes mellitus}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Dissen2020, author = {Dissen, Lea Kristin}, title = {Bedeutung des seriell bestimmten Spender-Chim{\"a}rismus nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation beim Multiplen Myelom}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203887}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Bedeutung des seriell bestimmten Spender-Chim{\"a}rismus nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation beim Multiplen Myelom wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit analysiert. Die Analyse der Spenderchim{\"a}rismen nach einer allogenen Stammzelltransplantation zur Messung der Krankheitslast und zur Detektion oder Prognose eines Rezidives wurde bereits in mehreren Studien f{\"u}r Leuk{\"a}mien und Lymphome untersucht, nun wurde erstmalig eine Patientengruppe mit Multiplen Myelom isoliert untersucht. Insgesamt waren von 155 Patienten aus drei Transplantationszentren (Uniklinikum W{\"u}rzburg, Uniklinikum Dresden und HELIOS Klinik Wiesbaden) 2324 Chim{\"a}rismusproben (2198 aus dem peripheren Blut und 126 aus dem Knochenmark) zur Auswertung verf{\"u}gbar. Die Chim{\"a}rismusanalyse wurde durch die AgenDix GmbH - Applied Genetic Diagnostics - in Dresden durchgef{\"u}hrt und freundlicherweise bereitgestellt. Abgesehen von der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung des Engraftments scheint die Analyse des seriell bestimmten Spender-Chim{\"a}rismus nur einen begrenzten Aussagewert f{\"u}r das Krankheitsmanagement beim Multiplen Myelom zu haben. Durch die Analyse konnte nur in etwas mehr als einem Drittel der F{\"a}lle der Krankheitsprogress detektiert werden, obwohl knapp die H{\"a}lfte der Patienten einen Krankheitsprogress nach der allogenen Stammzelltransplantation aufwiesen. Insbesondere die Patienten mit einer extramedull{\"a}ren Manifestation als Rezidiv und einer geringen Knochenmarkfiltration wurden nicht ausreichend erfasst.}, subject = {Multiples Myelom}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bauer2019, author = {Bauer, Jonas}, title = {Bedeutung eines spezifischen Genpolymorphismus (IL28B) f{\"u}r die Vertr{\"a}glichkeit einer Interferontherapie bei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-17851}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178519}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Vor Einf{\"u}hrung der direkt antiviralen Kombinationstherapien war die Kombination aus pegyliertem Interferon plus Ribavirin die Standardbehandlung f{\"u}r Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion. Bei 30\% der Patienten zeigten sich neurokognitive sowie depressive Nebenwirkungen, die das dauerhafte Therapieansprechen negativ beeinflussen k{\"o}nnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir in unserer Arbeit bei 93 Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion den Zusammenhang zwischen drei Single Nucleotide Polymorphismen im Bereich des IL28B-Gens und der Vertr{\"a}glichkeit sowie dem Therapieerfolg einer interferonbasierten Behandlung. Der Vergleich zwischen den Ergebnissen im HADS-(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) sowie TAPS- (Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitspr{\"u}fung) Testverfahren mit den Genotypen der drei SNPs zeigte im Studienkollektiv keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang. Hinsichtlich des Therapieerfolges konnten wir bei einem der drei SNPs das C-Allel als positiven Prognosefaktor f{\"u}r das dauerhafte Therapieansprechen nachweisen.}, subject = {Interferon alpha}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Freislederer2008, author = {Freislederer, Kathrin}, title = {Befunde und Wertigkeit der Kapselendoskopie : Auswertung der ersten Patienten an der Medizinischen Klinik I und II in W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30349}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Retrospektive Studie zur Wertigkeit und Befunden des Einsatzes der Kapselendoskopie bei unklaren gastrointestinalen Blutungen der Patienten an der medizinischen Klinik in W{\"u}rzburg mit Erfahrungen der Patienten und guten Ergebnissen bei unklarer gastrointestinaler Blutung des Magen- Darm Traktes.}, subject = {Videokapselendoskopie}, language = {de} } @article{JahnDorbathKircheretal.2019, author = {Jahn, Daniel and Dorbath, Donata and Kircher, Stefan and Nier, Anika and Bergheim, Ina and Lenaerts, Kaatje and Hermanns, Heike M. and Geier, Andreas}, title = {Beneficial effects of vitamin D treatment in an obese mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {1}, doi = {10.3390/nu11010077}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177222}, pages = {77}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlate with obesity and associated disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms linking low vitamin D (VD) status to disease progression are not completely understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of VD treatment on NASH in mice. C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFSD) containing low amounts of VD for 16 weeks to induce obesity, NASH and liver fibrosis. The effects of preventive and interventional VD treatment were studied on the level of liver histology and hepatic/intestinal gene expression. Interestingly, preventive and to a lesser extent also interventional VD treatment resulted in improvements of liver histology. This included a significant decrease of steatosis, a trend towards lower non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and a slight non-significant decrease of fibrosis in the preventive treatment group. In line with these changes, preventive VD treatment reduced the hepatic expression of lipogenic, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. Notably, these beneficial effects occurred in conjunction with a reduction of intestinal inflammation. Together, our observations suggest that timely initiation of VD supplementation (preventive vs. interventional) is a critical determinant of treatment outcome in NASH. In the applied animal model, the improvements of liver histology occurred in conjunction with reduced inflammation in the gut, suggesting a potential relevance of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent acting on the gut-liver axis.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brueckner2023, author = {Br{\"u}ckner, Anne Sophie}, title = {Biomarker bei Immuntherapie: eine nicht-interventionelle klinische Studie zur Analyse von verschiedenen immunologischen Serumbiomarkern bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen malignen Tumorerkrankungen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-30538}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305385}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ziel der Studie war es, potentielle Serumbiomarker f{\"u}r das Therapieansprechen auf Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition zu detektieren. Patienten, die der Gruppe Responder zugeordnet werden konnten, hatten ein deutlich l{\"a}ngeres PFS. Hinzu kommt, dass im Fall der Gruppe Responder Median und Mittelwert der gemessenen Serumparameter Granzym A und B, Interferon Gamma und Perforin von BL zur 1. Messung post treatment ansteigen. Zus{\"a}tzlich zeigt sich, dass IL-8 Potential als negativ prognostischer Marker hat. Trotz des kleinen und heterogenen Patientenkollektivs lassen sich Trends ableiten, die das Potential der untersuchten Mediatoren zytotoxischer T-Zellen als Serumbiomarker unterstreichen.}, language = {de} } @article{GoekbugetKelshChiaetal.2016, author = {G{\"o}kbuget, N. and Kelsh, M. and Chia, V. and Advani, A. and Bassan, R. and Dombret, H. and Doubek, M. and Fielding, A. K. and Giebel, S. and Haddad, V. and Hoelzer, D. and Holland, C. and Ifrah, N. and Katz, A. and Maniar, T. and Martinelli, G. and Morgades, M. and O'Brien, S. and Ribera, J.-M. and Rowe, J. M. and Stein, A. and Topp, M. and Wadleigh, M. and Kantarjian, H.}, title = {Blinatumomab vs historical standard therapy of adult relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia}, series = {Blood Cancer Journal}, volume = {6}, journal = {Blood Cancer Journal}, doi = {10.1038/bcj.2016.84}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164495}, pages = {e473}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We compared outcomes from a single-arm study of blinatumomab in adult patients with B-precursor Ph-negative relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL) with a historical data set from Europe and the United States. Estimates of complete remission (CR) and overall survival (OS) were weighted by the frequency distribution of prognostic factors in the blinatumomab trial. Outcomes were also compared between the trial and historical data using propensity score methods. The historical cohort included 694 patients with CR data and 1112 patients with OS data compared with 189 patients with CR and survival data in the blinatumomab trial. The weighted analysis revealed a CR rate of 24\% (95\% CI: 20-27\%) and a median OS of 3.3 months (95\% CI: 2.8-3.6) in the historical cohort compared with a CR/CRh rate of 43\% (95\% CI: 36-50\%) and a median OS of 6.1 months (95\% CI: 4.2-7.5) in the blinatumomab trial. Propensity score analysis estimated increased odds of CR/CRh (OR=2.68, 95\% CI: 1.67-4.31) and improved OS (HR=0.536, 95\% CI: 0.394-0.730) with blinatumomab. The analysis demonstrates the application of different study designs and statistical methods to compare novel therapies for R/R ALL with historical data.}, language = {en} } @article{McFlederMakhotkinaGrohetal.2023, author = {McFleder, Rhonda L. and Makhotkina, Anastasiia and Groh, Janos and Keber, Ursula and Imdahl, Fabian and Pe{\~n}a Mosca, Josefina and Peteranderl, Alina and Wu, Jingjing and Tabuchi, Sawako and Hoffmann, Jan and Karl, Ann-Kathrin and Pagenstecher, Axel and Vogel, J{\"o}rg and Beilhack, Andreas and Koprich, James B. and Brotchie, Jonathan M. and Saliba, Antoine-Emmanuel and Volkmann, Jens and Ip, Chi Wang}, title = {Brain-to-gut trafficking of alpha-synuclein by CD11c\(^+\) cells in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {14}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-43224-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357696}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Inflammation in the brain and gut is a critical component of several neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). One trigger of the immune system in PD is aggregation of the pre-synaptic protein, α-synuclein (αSyn). Understanding the mechanism of propagation of αSyn aggregates is essential to developing disease-modifying therapeutics. Using a brain-first mouse model of PD, we demonstrate αSyn trafficking from the brain to the ileum of male mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the ileal αSyn aggregations are contained within CD11c+ cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that ileal CD11c\(^+\) cells are microglia-like and the same subtype of cells is activated in the brain and ileum of PD mice. Moreover, by utilizing mice expressing the photo-convertible protein, Dendra2, we show that CD11c\(^+\) cells traffic from the brain to the ileum. Together these data provide a mechanism of αSyn trafficking between the brain and gut.}, language = {en} } @article{HelassHaagBankstahletal.2023, author = {Helaß, Madeleine and Haag, Georg Martin and Bankstahl, Ulli Simone and Gencer, Deniz and Maatouk, Imad}, title = {Burnout among German oncologists: a cross-sectional study in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie Quality of Life Working Group}, series = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology}, volume = {149}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1007/s00432-022-03937-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324446}, pages = {765-777}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Purpose Oncologists are at an increased risk of developing burnout, leading to negative consequences in patient care and in professional satisfaction and quality of life. This study was designed to investigate exhaustion and disengagement among German oncologists and assess the prevalence of burnout among oncologists within different professional settings. Furthermore, we wanted to examine possible relations between sociodemographic factors, the oncological setting, professional experience and different aspects of burnout. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, an Internet-based survey was conducted with 121 oncologists between April and July 2020 using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, which contains items on exhaustion, disengagement, and burnout. Furthermore, sociodemographic data of the participants were assessed. The participants were members of the Working Group Medical Oncology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie) within the German Cancer Society. Results The survey showed a burnout prevalence of 43.8\%, which correlated with age and professional experience; that is, the prevalence is particularly high among younger oncologists. Exhaustion is closely related to employment status; that is, it was significantly higher among employed oncologists. There were remarkably low levels of disengagement among oncologists, highlighting the own demand to fulfil job requirements despite imminent or actual overburdening in daily work. Conclusion More support is necessary to mitigate the professional stressors in the healthcare system. To ensure quality medical care, employees should be offered preventive mental health services early in their careers.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Neun2006, author = {Neun, Tilmann Alexander}, title = {Butyrateffekte auf die Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz beim Kolonkarzinom - HDGF ("hepatoma derived growth factor")}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49177}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Untersuchung der Butyrateffekte auf die Genexpression von Zellkulturen w{\"a}hrend der Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz mit Hilfe von Microarrays. Analyse des HDGF-Genclusters. Verwendete Zellkulturen Geki2, HT29 und SW620}, subject = {Butyrat}, language = {de} } @article{ChioreanVonHoffRenietal.2016, author = {Chiorean, E. G. and Von Hoff, D. D. and Reni, M. and Arena, F. P. and Infante, J. R. and Bathini, V. G. and Wood, T. E. and Mainwaring, P. N. and Muldoon, R. T. and Clingan, P. R. and Kunzmann, V. and Ramanathan, R. K. and Tabernero, J. and Goldstein, D. and McGovern, D. and Lu, B. and Ko, A.}, title = {CA19-9 decrease at 8 weeks as a predictor of overall survival in a randomized phase III trial (MPACT) of weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer}, series = {Annals of Oncology}, volume = {27}, journal = {Annals of Oncology}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdw006}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189659}, pages = {654-660}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background A phase I/II study and subsequent phase III study (MPACT) reported significant correlations between CA19-9 decreases and prolonged overall survival (OS) with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P + Gem) treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). CA19-9 changes at week 8 and potential associations with efficacy were investigated as part of an exploratory analysis in the MPACT trial. Patients and methods Untreated patients with MPC (N = 861) received nab-P + Gem or Gem alone. CA19-9 was evaluated at baseline and every 8 weeks. Results Patients with baseline and week-8 CA19-9 measurements were analyzed (nab-P + Gem: 252; Gem: 202). In an analysis pooling the treatments, patients with any CA19-9 decline (80\%) versus those without (20\%) had improved OS (median 11.1 versus 8.0 months; P = 0.005). In the nab-P + Gem arm, patients with (n = 206) versus without (n = 46) any CA19-9 decrease at week 8 had a confirmed overall response rate (ORR) of 40\% versus 13\%, and a median OS of 13.2 versus 8.3 months (P = 0.001), respectively. In the Gem-alone arm, patients with (n = 159) versus without (n = 43) CA19-9 decrease at week 8 had a confirmed ORR of 15\% versus 5\%, and a median OS of 9.4 versus 7.1 months (P = 0.404), respectively. In the nab-P + Gem and Gem-alone arms, by week 8, 16\% (40/252) and 6\% (13/202) of patients, respectively, had an unconfirmed radiologic response (median OS 13.7 and 14.7 months, respectively), and 79\% and 84\% of patients, respectively, had stable disease (SD) (median OS 11.1 and 9 months, respectively). Patients with SD and any CA19-9 decrease (158/199 and 133/170) had a median OS of 13.2 and 9.4 months, respectively. Conclusion This analysis demonstrated that, in patients with MPC, any CA19-9 decrease at week 8 can be an early marker for chemotherapy efficacy, including in those patients with SD. CA19-9 decrease identified more patients with survival benefit than radiologic response by week 8.}, language = {en} } @article{GernertSchmalzingTonyetal.2022, author = {Gernert, Michael and Schmalzing, Marc and Tony, Hans-Peter and Strunz, Patrick-Pascal and Schwaneck, Eva Christina and Fr{\"o}hlich, Matthias}, title = {Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) detects inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tocilizumab therapy}, series = {Arthritis Research \& Therapy}, volume = {24}, journal = {Arthritis Research \& Therapy}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1186/s13075-022-02887-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300523}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Assessing serological inflammation is difficult in tocilizumab (TCZ)-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as standard inflammation parameters, like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), are influenced by interleukin-6-receptor inhibition. Calprotectin in the serum, also named S100A8/S100A9, might be a more useful inflammation parameter in TCZ-treated patients. Methods Sixty-nine RA patients taking TCZ were included. Serum-calprotectin levels were assessed, as well as ESR, CRP, need for a change in disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs due to RA activity (= active RA), and the RA clinical disease activity score (CDAI). Forty-five RA patients taking tumor-necrosis factor-inhibitors (TNFi) were investigated for the same parameters. Results TCZ-treated patients with active RA had higher calprotectin values than not active RA patients (4155.5 [inter quartile range 1865.3-6068.3] vs 1040.0 [676.0-1638.0] ng/ml, P < 0.001). A calprotectin cut-off value of 1916.5 ng/ml resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0 \%, respectively, for the detection of RA disease activity. Calprotectin values correlated with CDAI-scores (r = 0.228; P = 0.011). ESR and CRP were less suitable to detect RA activity in TCZ-treated patients. Also TNFi-treated patients with active RA had higher calprotectin values compared to not active RA (5422.0 [3749.0-8150.8] vs 1845.0 [832.0-2569.0] ng/ml, P < 0.001). The calprotectin value with the best sensitivity and specificity for detecting RA activity was 3690.5 ng/ml among TNFi-treated patients. Conclusion Calprotectin in the serum can be a useful inflammation parameter despite TCZ-treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{Kretzschmar2020, author = {Kretzschmar, Kai}, title = {Cancer research using organoid technology}, series = {Journal of Molecular Medicine}, volume = {99}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Medicine}, issn = {0946-2716}, doi = {10.1007/s00109-020-01990-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235377}, pages = {501-515}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Organoid technology has rapidly transformed basic biomedical research and contributed to significant discoveries in the last decade. With the application of protocols to generate organoids from cancer tissue, organoid technology has opened up new opportunities for cancer research and therapy. Using organoid cultures derived from healthy tissues, different aspects of tumour initiation and progression are widely studied including the role of pathogens or specific cancer genes. Cancer organoid cultures, on the other hand, are applied to generate biobanks, perform drug screens, and study mutational signatures. With the incorporation of cellular components of the tumour microenvironment such as immune cells into the organoid cultures, the technology is now also exploited in the rapidly advancing field of immuno-oncology. In this review, I discuss how organoid technology is currently being utilised in cancer research and what obstacles are still to be overcome for its broader use in anti-cancer therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{SeifEinseleLoeffler2019, author = {Seif, Michelle and Einsele, Hermann and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {CAR T cells beyond cancer: hope for immunomodulatory therapy of infectious diseases}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, number = {2711}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2019.02711}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195596}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Infectious diseases are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the progress in drug development, the occurrence of microbial resistance is still a significant concern. Alternative therapeutic strategies are required for non-responding or relapsing patients. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, providing a potential therapeutic option for patients who are unresponsive to standard treatments. Recently two CAR T cell therapies, Yescarta® (Kite Pharma/Gilead) and Kymriah® (Novartis) were approved by the FDA for the treatments of certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, respectively. The success of adoptive CAR T cell therapy for cancer has inspired researchers to develop CARs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, we review the main achievements in CAR T cell therapy targeting viral infections, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Human Cytomegalovirus, and opportunistic fungal infections such as invasive aspergillosis.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouFluechterNickeletal.2020, author = {Zhou, Xiang and Fl{\"u}chter, Patricia and Nickel, Katharina and Meckel, Katharina and Messerschmidt, Janin and B{\"o}ckle, David and Knorz, Sebastian and Steinhardt, Maximilian Johannes and Krummenast, Franziska and Danhof, Sophia and Einsele, Hermann and Kort{\"u}m, K. Martin and Rasche, Leo}, title = {Carfilzomib based treatment strategies in the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {12}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {4}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers12041035}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203704}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Published experience with carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and extramedullary disease (EMD) is still limited. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of carfilzomib containing therapy regimens in EMD. We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with extramedullary RRMM treated with carfilzomib from June 2013 to September 2019. The median age at the start of carfilzomib was 64 (range 40-80) years. Twenty (44\%) and 25 (56\%) patients had paraosseous manifestation and EMD without adjacency to bone, respectively. The serological overall response rate (ORR) was 59\%. Extramedullary response was evaluable in 33 patients, nine (27\%) of them achieved partial remission (PR) (ORR = 27\%). In 15 (33\%) patients, we observed no extramedullary response despite serological response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were five (95\% CI, 3.5-6.5) and ten (95\% CI, 7.5-12.5) months, respectively. EMD without adjacency to bone was associated with a significantly inferior PFS (p = 0.004) and OS (p = 0.04) compared to paraosseous lesions. Carfilzomib based treatment strategies showed some efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with extramedullary RRMM but could not overcome the negative prognostic value of EMD. Due to the discrepancy between serological and extramedullary response, evaluation of extramedullary response using imaging is mandatory in these patients.}, language = {en} } @article{PageWallstabeLotheretal.2021, author = {Page, Lukas and Wallstabe, Julia and Lother, Jasmin and Bauser, Maximilian and Kniemeyer, Olaf and Strobel, Lea and Voltersen, Vera and Teutschbein, Janka and Hortschansky, Peter and Morton, Charles Oliver and Brakhage, Axel A. and Topp, Max and Einsele, Hermann and Wurster, Sebastian and Loeffler, Juergen}, title = {CcpA- and Shm2-Pulsed Myeloid Dendritic Cells Induce T-Cell Activation and Enhance the Neutrophilic Oxidative Burst Response to Aspergillus fumigatus}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2021.659752}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239493}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. As therapeutic outcomes of invasive aspergillosis (IA) are often unsatisfactory, the development of targeted immunotherapy remains an important goal. Linking the innate and adaptive immune system, dendritic cells are pivotal in anti-Aspergillus defense and have generated interest as a potential immunotherapeutic approach in IA. While monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) require ex vivo differentiation, antigen-pulsed primary myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) may present a more immediate platform for immunotherapy. To that end, we compared the response patterns and cellular interactions of human primary mDCs and moDCs pulsed with an A. fumigatus lysate and two A. fumigatus proteins (CcpA and Shm2) in a serum-free, GMP-compliant medium. CcpA and Shm2 triggered significant upregulation of maturation markers in mDCs and, to a lesser extent, moDCs. Furthermore, both A. fumigatus proteins elicited the release of an array of key pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL3 from both DC populations. Compared to moDCs, CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed mDCs exhibited greater expression of MHC class II antigens and stimulated stronger proliferation and IFN-γ secretion from autologous CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T-cells. Moreover, supernatants of CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed mDCs significantly enhanced the oxidative burst in allogeneic neutrophils co-cultured with A. fumigatus germ tubes. Taken together, our in vitro data suggest that ex vivo CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed primary mDCs have the potential to be developed into an immunotherapeutic approach to tackle IA.}, language = {en} } @article{MahmoodMuhammadSchmalzingetal.2015, author = {Mahmood, Zafar and Muhammad, Khalid and Schmalzing, Marc and Roll, Petra and D{\"o}rner, Thomas and Tony, Hans-Peter}, title = {CD27-IgD- memory B cells are modulated by in vivo interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) blockade in rheumatoid arthritis}, series = {Arthritis Research \& Therapy}, volume = {17}, journal = {Arthritis Research \& Therapy}, number = {61}, doi = {10.1186/s13075-015-0580-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126506}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Introduction Enhanced B cell activity, particularly memory B cells have gained interest in evaluating response during therapies with biologics. CD27-IgD- double-negative (DN) B cells lacking the conventional memory marker CD27 are reported to be part of the memory compartment, however, only scarce data is available for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We therefore focused on DN B cells in RA, studied their isotypes and modulation during interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibition by tocilizumab (TCZ). Methods DN B cells were phenotypically analyzed from 40 RA patients during TCZ at baseline week 12, week 24 and 1 year. A single B cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was used to study Ig receptors, VH gene rearrangements and specific isotypes. Results Phenotypic analysis showed a significantly expanded population of DN B cells in RA which contain a heterogeneous mixture of IgG-, IgA- and IgM-expressing cells with a clear dominance of IgG+ cells. DN B cells carry rearranged heavy chain gene sequences with a diversified mutational pattern consistent with memory B cells. In contrast to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibition, a significant reduction in mutational frequency of BCR gene rearrangements at week 12, 24 and 1 year (P <0.0001) was observed by in vivo IL-6R inhibition. These changes were observed for all BCR isotypes IgG, IgA and IgM at week 12, 24 and 1 year (P <0.0001). IgA-RF, IgA serum level and IgA+ DN B cells decreased significantly (P <0.05) at week 12 and week 24 during TCZ. Patients with a good European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response to TCZ had less DN B cells at baseline as compared to moderate responders (P = 0.006). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequency of DN B cells at baseline is inversely correlated to a subsequent good EULAR response (P = 0.024) with an odds ratio of 1.48 (95\% confidence interval as 1.05 to 2.06). Conclusions In RA, the heterogeneous DN B cell compartment is expanded and dominated by IgG isotype. TCZ can modulate the mutational status of DN Ig isotype receptors over 1 year. Interestingly, the frequency of DN B cells in RA may serve as a baseline predictor of subsequent EULAR response to TCZ.}, language = {en} } @article{LauruschkatMuchsinReinetal.2023, author = {Lauruschkat, Chris David and Muchsin, Ihsan and Rein, Alice and Erhard, Florian and Grathwohl, Denise and D{\"o}lken, Lars and K{\"o}chel, Carolin and Falk, Christine Susanne and Einsele, Hermann and Wurster, Sebastian and Grigoleit, G{\"o}tz Ulrich and Kraus, Sabrina}, title = {CD4+ T cells are the major predictor of HCMV control in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients on letermovir prophylaxis}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148841}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-316982}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Introduction Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) recipients. Recently, antiviral letermovir prophylaxis during the first 100 days after alloSCT replaced PCR-guided preemptive therapy as the primary standard of care for HCMV reactivations. Here, we compared NK-cell and T-cell reconstitution in alloSCT recipients receiving preemptive therapy or letermovir prophylaxis in order to identify potential biomarkers predicting prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation. Methods To that end, the NK-cell and T-cell repertoire of alloSCT recipients managed with preemptive therapy (n=32) or letermovir prophylaxis (n=24) was characterized by flow cytometry on days +30, +60, +90 and +120 after alloSCT. Additionally, background-corrected HCMV-specific T-helper (CD4+IFNγ+) and cytotoxic (CD8+IFNγ+CD107a+) T cells were quantified after pp65 stimulation. Results Compared to preemptive therapy, letermovir prophylaxis prevented HCMV reactivation and decreased HCMV peak viral loads until days +120 and +365. Letermovir prophylaxis resulted in decreased T-cell numbers but increased NK-cell numbers. Interestingly, despite the inhibition of HCMV, we found high numbers of "memory-like" (CD56dimFcεRIγ- and/or CD159c+) NK cells and an expansion of HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in letermovir recipients. We further compared immunological readouts in patients on letermovir prophylaxis with non/short-term HCMV reactivation (NSTR) and prolonged/symptomatic HCMV reactivation (long-term HCMV reactivation, LTR). Median HCMV-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies were significantly higher in NSTR patients (day +60, 0.35 \% vs. 0.00 \% CD4+IFNγ+/CD4+ cells, p=0.018) than in patients with LTR, whereas patients with LTR had significantly higher median regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequencies (day +90, 2.2 \% vs. 6.2 \% CD4+CD25+CD127dim/CD4+ cells, p=0.019). ROC analysis confirmed low HCMV specific CD4+ (AUC on day +60: 0.813, p=0.019) and high Treg frequencies (AUC on day +90: 0.847, p=0.021) as significant predictors of prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation. Discussion Taken together, letermovir prophylaxis delays HCMV reactivation and alters NK- and T-cell reconstitution. High numbers of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells and low numbers of Tregs seem to be pivotal to suppress post-alloSCT HCMV reactivation during letermovir prophylaxis. Administration of more advanced immunoassays that include Treg signature cytokines might contribute to the identification of patients at high-risk for long-term and symptomatic HCMV reactivation who might benefit from prolonged administration of letermovir.}, language = {en} } @article{FuhrHeidenreichSrivastavaetal.2022, author = {Fuhr, Viktoria and Heidenreich, Shanice and Srivastava, Mugdha and Riedel, Angela and D{\"u}ll, Johannes and Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena and Rosenwald, Andreas and Rauert-Wunderlich, Hilka}, title = {CD52 and OXPHOS-potential targets in ibrutinib-treated mantle cell lymphoma}, series = {Cell Death Discovery}, volume = {8}, journal = {Cell Death Discovery}, issn = {2058-7716}, doi = {10.1038/s41420-022-01289-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300817}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Altered features of tumor cells acquired across therapy can result in the survival of treatment-resistant clones that may cause minimal residual disease (MRD). Despite the efficacy of ibrutinib in treating relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma, the obstacle of residual cells contributes to relapses of this mature B-cell neoplasm, and the disease remains incurable. RNA-seq analysis of an ibrutinib-sensitive mantle cell lymphoma cell line following ibrutinib incubation of up to 4 d, corroborated our previously postulated resistance mechanism of a metabolic switch to reliance on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in surviving cells. Besides, we had shown that treatment-persisting cells were characterized by increased CD52 expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining ibrutinib with another agent targeting these potential escape mechanisms could minimize the risk of survival of ibrutinib-resistant cells. Concomitant use of ibrutinib with OXPHOS-inhibitor IACS-010759 increased toxicity compared to ibrutinib alone. Targeting CD52 was even more efficient, as addition of CD52 mAb in combination with human serum following ibrutinib pretreatment led to rapid complement-dependent-cytotoxicity in an ibrutinib-sensitive cell line. In primary mantle cell lymphoma cells, a higher toxic effect with CD52 mAb was obtained, when cells were pretreated with ibrutinib, but only in an ibrutinib-sensitive cohort. Given the challenge of treating multi-resistant mantle cell lymphoma patients, this work highlights the potential use of anti-CD52 therapy as consolidation after ibrutinib treatment in patients who responded to the BTK inhibitor to achieve MRD negativity and prolong progression-free survival.}, language = {en} } @article{ZieglerWeissSchmittetal.2017, author = {Ziegler, Sabrina and Weiss, Esther and Schmitt, Anna-Lena and Schlegel, Jan and Burgert, Anne and Terpitz, Ulrich and Sauer, Markus and Moretta, Lorenzo and Sivori, Simona and Leonhardt, Ines and Kurzai, Oliver and Einsele, Hermann and Loeffler, Juergen}, title = {CD56 Is a Pathogen Recognition Receptor on Human Natural Killer Cells}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {6138}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-06238-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170637}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal mold inducing invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised patients. Although antifungal activity of human natural killer (NK) cells was shown in previous studies, the underlying cellular mechanisms and pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are still unknown. Using flow cytometry we were able to show that the fluorescence positivity of the surface receptor CD56 significantly decreased upon fungal contact. To visualize the interaction site of NK cells and A. fumigatus we used SEM, CLSM and dSTORM techniques, which clearly demonstrated that NK cells directly interact with A. fumigatus via CD56 and that CD56 is re-organized and accumulated at this interaction site time-dependently. The inhibition of the cytoskeleton showed that the receptor re-organization was an active process dependent on actin re-arrangements. Furthermore, we could show that CD56 plays a role in the fungus mediated NK cell activation, since blocking of CD56 surface receptor reduced fungal mediated NK cell activation and reduced cytokine secretion. These results confirmed the direct interaction of NK cells and A. fumigatus, leading to the conclusion that CD56 is a pathogen recognition receptor. These findings give new insights into the functional role of CD56 in the pathogen recognition during the innate immune response.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Trebing2014, author = {Trebing, Johannes}, title = {CD70-abh{\"a}ngige und spezifische Aktivierung von TRAILR1 oder TRAILR2 durch scFv:CD70-TRAIL-Mutanten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111592}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, den T-Zell-inhibierenden Effekt eines CD70-blockierenden Antik{\"o}rpers mit einer Fc-unabh{\"a}ngigen Zelltod-induzierenden Aktivit{\"a}t auf CD70-exprimierende Tumoren zu kombinieren. Dazu wurden Fusionsproteine hergestellt und untersucht, die aus einer CD70-bindenden scFv-Dom{\"a}ne sowie aus einer TRAIL-Dom{\"a}ne bestehen. Der CD70-spezifische monoklonale Antik{\"o}rper lαhCD70 sowie der beretis bekannte hCD70-spezifische Antik{\"o}rper 1F6 blockieren mit hoher Effizienz die CD27/CD70-Interaktion von CD70-exprimierenden Zelllinien (Mino, OVCAR-3, U-266) und inhibieren dadurch die Induktion der IL8-Produktion durch diese Zellen in kokultivierten HT1080-CD27-Zellen. IL8 wird durch den klassischen NFκB-Signalweg reguliert und ist f{\"u}r den pro-angiogenetischen Effekt von entscheidender Bedeutung (Abb. 2, 3). Mit Hilfe zellul{\"a}rer Gleichgewichtsbindungsstudien mit mono- und trimeren scFv:lαhCD70-GpL-Fusionsproteinen (Abb. 4) auf Mino- und OVCAR-3-Zellen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Trimerisierung in beiden Zelllinien zu einer Steigerung der apparenten Affinit{\"a}t der scFv:lαhCD70-CD70 Interaktion f{\"u}hrt und damit einen Effekt auf die CD70-Belegung hat (Abb. 5). F{\"u}r die Konstruktion der Fusionsproteine wurde sowohl Wildtyp-TRAIL als auch TRAIL-Mutanten mit Pr{\"a}ferenz f{\"u}r den TRAILR1 oder TRAILR2 verwendet. Die TRAILR-Pr{\"a}ferenz der verwendeten TRAIL-Mutanten (wt, mutR1, mutR2) wurde nicht nur in zellul{\"a}ren GpL-Bindungsstudien (Abb. 7) sondern zus{\"a}tzlich auch in TRAILR Immobilisierungsexperimenten (Abb. 8) bewiesen. Hier zeigte sich, dass bei TRAILR1 keine Interaktion mit TRAILmutR2, so wie bei TRAILR2 keine signifikante Bindung mit TRAILmutR1 erfolgte. Nur der TRAIL-Wildtyp band signifikant an beide TRAIL-Todesrezeptoren. Vitalit{\"a}tsexperimente (Abb. 10) und Western-Blot Analysen der Caspase-Prozessierung (Abb. 11) best{\"a}tigten die starke TRAILR1- bzw. TRAILR2-Spezifit{\"a}t der TRAILmutR1- und TRAILmutR2-Varianten. Im Gegensatz zu den unvernetzten l{\"o}slichen TRAIL-Trimeren waren nur die quervernetzten TRAIL-TNC-Varianten in der Lage, eine signifikante Apoptose-Signalkaskade bei relativ geringen Konzentrationen zu induzieren. Die toxischen ED50-Konzentrationen der unoligomerisierten TRAIL-Formen lagen um einen Faktor 100 h{\"o}her als die der oligomerisierten Varianten. Zusammenfassend zeigten die ED50-Werte der Zytotoxizit{\"a}tsexperimente von M2-oligomerisierten zu -unoligomerisierten trimeren TRAIL-Varianten bei allen Fusionskonstrukten und Zelllinien eine eindeutige Verst{\"a}rkung der Apoptoseinduktion durch die M2-Quervernetzung. Bei Jurkat- und Mino-Zellen konnte gr{\"o}ßtenteils erst nach Oligomerisierung {\"u}berhaupt eine Bioaktivit{\"a}t bzw. eine Zelltodinduktion beobachtet werden. In OVCAR-3-Zellen zeigte sich eine 100-1000 fache apoptotische Verst{\"a}rkung durch die Oligomerisierung (Abb. 10). Weiterhin zeigten Zytotoxizit{\"a}tsexperimente, dass sich durch Bindung an hCD70 das Ausmaß der Toxizit{\"a}t der Fusionsproteine auf allen CD70-exprimierenden Zelllinien 10-100x verst{\"a}rkte (Abb. 15, 17). In {\"U}bereinstimmung mit der verst{\"a}rkten TRAIL-Todesrezeptor-Aktivierung durch die CD70-Bindung der scFv-TRAIL-Fusionsproteine, konnte durch eine CD70-Blockade die Caspase-8 Aktivierung und die Prozessierung von Caspase-3 signifikant unterbunden werden (Abb. 18). Die Trimerisierung des scFv:lαhCD70-Antik{\"o}rpers f{\"u}hrte zu keiner Apoptose und beeinflußte auch nicht die Aktivit{\"a}t von TRAIL (Abb. 19) was belegt, dass die beobachteten Effekte auf einer st{\"a}rkeren TRAIL-induzierten Apoptose nach CD70-Bindung der Konstrukte beruhen muss. Die Fusionsproteine beseitigen somit nachweislich einerseits das Problem der limitierenden Aktivit{\"a}t von l{\"o}slichem TRAIL {\"u}ber ihre Verankerung an CD70 (Abb. 15-20) und anderseits die potentielle unerw{\"u}nschte CD70-vermittelte protumorale CD27-Stimulation (Abb. 3). Dar{\"u}ber hinaus k{\"o}nnten die TRAILR-spezifischen TRAIL-Mutanten helfen, Nebeneffekte zu reduzieren, die prim{\"a}r durch den jeweils anderen TRAIL-Todesrezeptor vermittelt werden. Jedoch sind weiter Forschungen insbesondere in vivo Experimente notwendig, um Aussagen {\"u}ber Funktionalit{\"a}t, Halbwertszeiten, sowie Effektivit{\"a}t und Vertr{\"a}glichkeit treffen zu k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Apoptosis}, language = {de} } @article{LeichtWeinigMayeretal.2018, author = {Leicht, Hans Benno and Weinig, Elke and Mayer, Beate and Viebahn, Johannes and Geier, Andreas and Rau, Monika}, title = {Ceftriaxone-induced hemolytic anemia with severe renal failure: a case report and review of literature}, series = {BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology}, volume = {19}, journal = {BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology}, number = {67}, doi = {10.1186/s40360-018-0257-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176637}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Drug induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare complication and often underdiagnosed. DIIHA is frequently associated with a bad outcome, including organ failure and even death. For the last decades, ceftriaxone has been one of the most common drugs causing DIIHA, and ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia (IHA) has especially been reported to cause severe complications and fatal outcomes. Case Presentation: A 76-year-old male patient was treated with ceftriaxone for cholangitis. Short time after antibiotic exposure the patient was referred to intensive care unit due to cardiopulmonary instability. Hemolysis was observed on laboratory testing and the patient developed severe renal failure with a need for hemodialysis for 2 weeks. Medical history revealed that the patient had been previously exposed to ceftriaxone less than 3 weeks before with subsequent hemolytic reaction. Further causes for hemolytic anemia were excluded and drug-induced immune hemolytic (DIIHA) anemia to ceftriaxone could be confirmed. Conclusions: The case demonstrates the severity of ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia, a rare, but immediately life-threatening condition of a frequently used antibiotic in clinical practice. Early and correct diagnosis of DIIHA is crucial, as immediate withdrawal of the causative drug is essential for the patient prognosis. Thus, awareness for this complication must be raised among treating physicians.}, language = {en} } @article{WolterHanselmannPattschulletal.2017, author = {Wolter, Patrick and Hanselmann, Steffen and Pattschull, Grit and Schruf, Eva and Gaubatz, Stefan}, title = {Central spindle proteins and mitotic kinesins are direct transcriptional targets of MuvB, B-MYB and FOXM1 in breast cancer cell lines and are potential targets for therapy}, series = {Oncotarget}, volume = {8}, journal = {Oncotarget}, number = {7}, doi = {10.18632/oncotarget.14466}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171851}, pages = {11160-11172}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The MuvB multiprotein complex, together with B-MYB and FOXM1 (MMB-FOXM1), plays an essential role in cell cycle progression by regulating the transcription of genes required for mitosis and cytokinesis. In many tumors, B-MYB and FOXM1 are overexpressed as part of the proliferation signature. However, the transcriptional targets that are important for oncogenesis have not been identified. Given that mitotic kinesins are highly expressed in cancer cells and that selected kinesins have been reported as target genes of MMB-FOXM1, we sought to determine which mitotic kinesins are directly regulated by MMB-FOXM1. We demonstrate that six mitotic kinesins and two microtubule-associated non-motor proteins (MAPs) CEP55 and PRC1 are direct transcriptional targets of MuvB, B-MYB and FOXM1 in breast cancer cells. Suppression of KIF23 and PRC1 strongly suppressed proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The set of MMB-FOXM1 regulated kinesins genes and 4 additional kinesins which we referred to as the mitotic kinesin signature (MKS) is linked to poor outcome in breast cancer patients. Thus, mitotic kinesins could be used as prognostic biomarker and could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer.}, language = {en} } @article{NicklEckGoedertetal.2023, author = {Nickl, Vera and Eck, Juliana and Goedert, Nicolas and H{\"u}bner, Julian and Nerreter, Thomas and Hagemann, Carsten and Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo and Schulz, Tim and Nickl, Robert Carl and Keßler, Almuth Friederike and L{\"o}hr, Mario and Rosenwald, Andreas and Breun, Maria and Monoranu, Camelia Maria}, title = {Characterization and optimization of the tumor microenvironment in patient-derived organotypic slices and organoid models of glioblastoma}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {15}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {10}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers15102698}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319249}, year = {2023}, abstract = {While glioblastoma (GBM) is still challenging to treat, novel immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promising effects in preclinical settings. However, their clinical breakthrough is hampered by complex interactions of GBM with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we present an analysis of TME composition in a patient-derived organoid model (PDO) as well as in organotypic slice cultures (OSC). To obtain a more realistic model for immunotherapeutic testing, we introduce an enhanced PDO model. We manufactured PDOs and OSCs from fresh tissue of GBM patients and analyzed the TME. Enhanced PDOs (ePDOs) were obtained via co-culture with PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and compared to normal PDOs (nPDOs) and PT (primary tissue). At first, we showed that TME was not sustained in PDOs after a short time of culture. In contrast, TME was largely maintained in OSCs. Unfortunately, OSCs can only be cultured for up to 9 days. Thus, we enhanced the TME in PDOs by co-culturing PDOs and PBMCs from healthy donors. These cellular TME patterns could be preserved until day 21. The ePDO approach could mirror the interaction of GBM, TME and immunotherapeutic agents and may consequently represent a realistic model for individual immunotherapeutic drug testing in the future.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Riedel2013, author = {Riedel, Simone Stefanie}, title = {Characterization of the fluorescence protein FP635 for in vivo imaging and establishment of a murine multiple myeloma model for non-invasive imaging of disease progression and response to therapy}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77894}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Optical in vivo imaging methods have advanced the fields of stem cell transplantation, graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-tumor responses. Two well known optical methods, based on the transmission of light through the test animal are bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI). Both methods allow whole body in vivo imaging of the same animal over an extended time span where the cell distribution and proliferation can be visualized. BLI has the advantages of producing almost no unspecific background signals and no necessity for external excitation light. Hence, BLI is a highly sensitive and reliable detection method. Yet, the BLI reporter luciferase is not applicable with common microscopy techniques, therefore abolishing this method for cellular resolution imaging. FLI in turn, presents the appealing possibility to use one fluorescent reporter for whole body imaging as well as cellular resolution applying microscopy techniques. The absorption of light occurs mainly due to melanin and hemoglobin in wavelengths up to 650 nm. Therefore, the wavelength range beyond 650 nm may allow sensitive optical imaging even in deep tissues. For this reason, significant efforts are undertaken to isolate or develop genetically enhanced fluorescent proteins (FP) in this spectral range. "Katushka" also called FP635 has an emission close to this favorable spectrum and is reported as one of the brightest far-red FPs. Our experiments also clearly showed the superiority of BLI for whole body imaging over FLI. Based on these results we applied the superior BLI technique for the establishment of a pre-clinical multiple myeloma (MM) mouse model. MM is a B-cell disease, where malignant plasma cells clonally expand in the bone marrow (BM) of older people, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Chromosomal abnormalities, considered a hallmark of MM, are present in nearly all patients and may accumulate or change during disease progression. The diagnosis of MM is based on clinical symptoms, including the CRAB criteria: increased serum calcium levels, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions (osteolytic lesions or osteoporosis with compression fractures). Other clinical symptoms include hyperviscosity, amyloidosis, and recurrent bacterial infections. Additionally, patients commonly exhibit more than 30\% clonal BM plasma cells and the presence of monoclonal protein is detected in serum and/or urine. With current standard therapies, MM remains incurable and patients diagnosed with MM between 2001 and 2007 had a 5-year relative survival rate of only 41\%. Therefore, the development of new drugs or immune cell-based therapies is desirable and necessary. To this end we developed the MOPC-315 cell line based syngeneic MM mouse model. MOPC-315 cells were labeled with luciferase for in vivo detection by BLI. We validated the non-invasively obtained BLI data with histopathology, measurement of idiotype IgA serum levels and flow cytometry. All methods affirmed the reliability of the in vivo BLI data for this model. We found that this orthotopic MM model reflects several key features of the human disease. MOPC-315 cells homed efficiently to the BM compartment including subsequent proliferation. Additionally, cells disseminated to distant skeletal parts, leading to the typical multifocal MM growth. Osteolytic lesions and bone remodeling was also detected. We found evidence that the cell line had retained plasticity seen by dynamic receptor expression regulation in different compartments such as the BM and the spleen.}, subject = {Fluoreszenzproteine}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pauschinger2022, author = {Pauschinger, Christoph Johannes}, title = {Charakterisierung bi- und trispezifischer anti-CD40 Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-26018}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260184}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das Immunsystem zu aktivieren, um eine k{\"o}rpereigene Immunantwort gegen Tumorzellen hervorzurufen, ist ein innovativer Therapieansatz. Eine vielversprechende Zielstruktur hierf{\"u}r ist CD40, ein Mitglied der TNFRSF- Familie und starker Stimulator Antigen-pr{\"a}sentierender Zellen. Die TNFRSF-Rezeptor Aktivierung ist abh{\"a}ngig von der Bildung oligomerer (TNFSF3-TNFRSF3)2 Komplexe, was insbesondere durch entsprechende r{\"a}umliche Ausrichtung membranst{\"a}ndiger Liganden und deren hohe lokale Konzentration im Zell-Zell-Kontakt gew{\"a}hrleistet wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die (TNFSF3-TNFRSF3)2 Komplexbildung mittels membranst{\"a}ndiger Liganden durch die Generierung von CD40-spezifischen Antik{\"o}rper-Fusions- proteinen imitiert, die {\"u}ber zus{\"a}tzliche Bindedom{\"a}nen, single chain fragment variable (scFvs), f{\"u}r zellst{\"a}ndige Zielstrukturen (CD70, BCMA, PDL1) verf{\"u}gen. Dazu wurden die schweren und/oder leichten anti-CD40 Antik{\"o}rperketten C-terminal mit einem scFv-Fragment verkn{\"u}pft und dadurch verschiedene CD40-spezifische Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine mit scFv-Fragmenten generiert. Die Funktionalit{\"a}t dieser besonderen Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine wurde hinsichtlich ihrer Bindungsf{\"a}higkeit mittels Gaussia princeps Luciferaseassay und hinsichtlich ihres Agonismus {\"u}ber den Nachweis der Interleukin-8 Induktion per ELISA analysiert. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die CD40-Aktivierung durch die an den Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteinen verankerten scFv-Dom{\"a}nen bei einem Großteil potenziert werden konnte, wenn diese die entsprechenden Zielantigene CD70, BCMA, PDL1 binden. Des Weiteren waren hinsichtlich ihres Agonimsus die Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine mit einer scFv-Dom{\"a}ne an der schweren oder an der leichten Antik{\"o}rperkette den Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteinen {\"u}berlegen, die scFv-Dom{\"a}nen an beiden Antik{\"o}rperketten aufwiesen. Dennoch stellen auch letztere eine vielversprechende Therapievariante dar, da sie aufgrund ihrer breiteren Spezifit{\"a}t verschiedene Tumorantigene binden k{\"o}nnen. Die in dieser Arbeit produzierten und charakterisierten CD40-spezifischen Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine aktivieren das Immunsystem gezielter in dem Gewebe, in dem vermehrt spezifische Tumorantigene exprimiert werden. Dadurch er{\"o}ffnen sie neue M{\"o}glichkeiten in der Tumortherapie.}, subject = {Fusionsprotein}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Umrath2013, author = {Umrath, Veronika}, title = {Charakterisierung der Homing-Rezeptor-Expression nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation - neue Biomarker f{\"u}r eine akute Graft-versus-Host-Disease?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-102191}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Homing- und Chemokin-Rezeptoren k{\"o}nnen wichtige Informationen liefern {\"u}ber Aktivierungsstand und Organspezifit{\"a}t der einzelnen Zelle, aber auch {\"u}ber Hom{\"o}ostase und Gleichgewicht von T-Zellen untereinander. Mittels FACS-Analyse konnte in murinen Transplantationsmodellen durch die Hochregulation einzelner Homing-Rezeptoren auf T-Zellen die Entwicklung einer aGvHD vorhergesagt werden. Ob sich ein solches diagnostisches Fenster auch beim Menschen darstellen k{\"o}nnte, sollte in einer klinischen Pilotstudie untersucht werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der Expressionsverlauf von 19 verschiedenen Aktivierungsmarkern, Chemokin- und Homingrezeptoren auf T-Zell-Subpopulationen bei allogen transplantierten Patienten charakterisiert. Anschließend wurde versucht, eine Assoziation zwischen der H{\"o}he der jeweiligen Rezeptorexpression und der sp{\"a}teren Entwicklung einer akuten Graft-versus-Host-Disease herzustellen. Die Expression der meisten untersuchten Rezeptoren nahm im Zeitverlauf ab und war insgesamt nur schwach ausgepr{\"a}gt. Dabei zeigte sich insbesondere im fr{\"u}hen Verlauf nach SZT eine hohe relative Expression dieser Marker bei Patienten ohne aGvHD verglichen mit Patienten mit aGvHD im Verlauf. Insofern scheint eine hohe relative Expression dieser Rezeptoren kein Hinweis auf eine gesteigerte Alloreaktivit{\"a}t der jeweiligen T-Zellen zu sein. Gleichzeitig schien die absolute Anzahl an rezeptorpositiven Zellen eher positiv mit einer aGvHD korreliert zu sein. Die erh{\"o}hte Anzahl rezeptorpositiver Zellen errechnete sich allerdings aus der h{\"o}heren absoluten Anzahl aller T-Zellen bei Patienten mit aGvHD. Damit war diese nicht rezeptorspezifisch, so dass sich Rezeptoren vom Expressionstyp 1 nicht eignen, um in der klinischen Routine eine aGvHD vorherzusagen. Einige Rezeptoren waren auf T-Helfer-Zellen auf mittlerem Niveau konstant exprimiert. F{\"u}r manche von diesen zeigten sich unterschiedlich hohe relative Expressionsniveaus vor GvHD-Beginn bei Grad 2-4 verglichen mit Grad 1. Die absolute Anzahl rezeptorpositiver Zellen war bei allen Rezeptoren bei aGvHD Grad 2-4 h{\"o}her als bei Grad 1. Die Expression einiger Marker war auf T-Zellen ausgepr{\"a}gt, aber im Zeitverlauf fluktuierend. F{\"u}r die Expression von beta 7 integrin allein und auch f{\"u}r dessen Koexpression zusammen mit CD 49d alpha 4 deuteten sich bei Patienten mit aGvHD Grad 2-4 h{\"o}here relative und absolute Werte an als f{\"u}r Patienten mit aGvHD Grad 1. Die Expression der {\"u}brigen hoch exprimierten Rezeptoren schien nicht vom Ausmaß der sp{\"a}ter einsetzenden aGvHD beeinflusst zu werden. Ob durch FACS-Analyse der Rezeptoren CLA, CCR 4, CD 45RA und/oder alpha 4 beta 7 allein oder in Kombination tats{\"a}chlich die alloreaktiven T-Zellen der aGvHD charakterisiert und quantifiziert werden k{\"o}nnen, muss an einem gr{\"o}ßeren Patientenkollektiv untersucht werden. Da zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt der pr{\"a}diktive Wert dieser Marker weder postuliert noch ausgeschlossen werden kann, erscheint eine weitergehende Untersuchung sinnvoll.}, subject = {Graft-versus-host-disease}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ulrich2021, author = {Ulrich, Jakob Johannes}, title = {Checkpoint inhibierende anti-TNFRSF Rezeptor Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-24156}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241568}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Es sollten Checkpoint inhibierende anti-TNFRSF Rezeptor Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine hergestellt und charakterisiert werden. Die agonistische Aktivit{\"a}t TNFR-spezifischer Antik{\"o}rper wird maßgeblich durch eine Immobilisation {\"u}ber Fcγ-Rezeptoren beeinflusst. In dieser Arbeit erfolgte die Immobilisation der Antik{\"o}rper-Fusionsproteine {\"u}ber den PD-L1. In funktionellen Assays konnte eine Aktivit{\"a}tssteigerung der TNFR-spezifischen Dom{\"a}nen mittels PD-L1 vermittelter Immobilisation gezeigt werden.}, subject = {Monoklonaler Antik{\"o}rper}, language = {de} } @article{RydzekNerreterPengetal.2019, author = {Rydzek, Julian and Nerreter, Thomas and Peng, Haiyong and Jutz, Sabrina and Leitner, Judith and Steinberger, Peter and Einsele, Hermann and Rader, Christoph and Hudecek, Michael}, title = {Chimeric Antigen Receptor Library Screening Using a Novel NF-kappa B/NFAT Reporter Cell Platform}, series = {Molecular Therapy}, volume = {27}, journal = {Molecular Therapy}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.015}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227193}, pages = {287-299}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is under intense preclinical and clinical investigation, and it involves a rapidly increasing portfolio of novel target antigens and CAR designs. We established a platform that enables rapid and high-throughput CAR-screening campaigns with reporter cells derived from the T cell lymphoma line Jurkat. Reporter cells were equipped with nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) reporter genes that generate a duplex output of enhanced CFP (ECFP) and EGFP, respectively. As a proof of concept, we modified reporter cells with CD19-specific and ROR1-specific CARs, and we detected high-level reporter signals that allowed distinguishing functional from non-functional CAR constructs. The reporter data were highly reproducible, and the time required for completing each testing campaign was substantially shorter with reporter cells (6 days) compared to primary CAR-T cells (21 days). We challenged the reporter platform to a large-scale screening campaign on a ROR1-CAR library, and we showed that reporter cells retrieved a functional CAR variant that was present with a frequency of only 6 in 1.05 x 10(6). The data illustrate the potential to implement this reporter platform into the preclinical development path of novel CAR-T cell products and to inform and accelerate the selection of lead CAR candidates for clinical translation.}, language = {en} } @article{BanalesCardinaleCarpinoetal.2016, author = {Banales, Jesus M. and Cardinale, Vincenzo and Carpino, Guido and Marzioni, Marco and Andersen, Jesper B. and Invernizzi, Pietro and Lind, Guro E. and Folseraas, Trine and Forbes, Stuart J. and Fouassier, Laura and Geier, Andreas and Calvisi, Diego F. and Mertens, Joachim C. and Trauner, Michael and Benedetti, Antonio and Maroni, Luca and Vaquero, Javier and Macias, Rocio I. R. and Raggi, Chiara and Perugorria, Maria J. and Gaudio, Eugenio and Boberg, Kirsten M. and Marin, Jose J. G. and Alvaro, Domenico}, title = {Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA)}, series = {Nature Reviews Gastroenterology \& Hepatology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nature Reviews Gastroenterology \& Hepatology}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1038/nrgastro.2016.51}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189077}, pages = {261-280}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with features of biliary tract differentiation. CCA is the second most common primary liver tumour and the incidence is increasing worldwide. CCA has high mortality owing to its aggressiveness, late diagnosis and refractory nature. In May 2015, the "European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma" (ENS-CCA: www.enscca.org or www.cholangiocarcinoma.eu) was created to promote and boost international research collaboration on the study of CCA at basic, translational and clinical level. In this Consensus Statement, we aim to provide valuable information on classifications, pathological features, risk factors, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic modifications and current therapies available for this cancer. Moreover, future directions on basic and clinical investigations and plans for the ENS-CCA are highlighted.}, language = {en} } @article{LauruschkatEtterSchnacketal.2021, author = {Lauruschkat, Chris D. and Etter, Sonja and Schnack, Elisabeth and Ebel, Frank and Sch{\"a}uble, Sascha and Page, Lukas and R{\"u}mens, Dana and Dragan, Mariola and Schlegel, Nicolas and Panagiotou, Gianni and Kniemeyer, Olaf and Brakhage, Axel A. and Einsele, Hermann and Wurster, Sebastian and Loeffler, Juergen}, title = {Chronic occupational mold exposure drives expansion of Aspergillus-reactive type 1 and type 2 T-helper cell responses}, series = {Journal of Fungi}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Fungi}, number = {9}, issn = {2309-608X}, doi = {10.3390/jof7090698}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245202}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Occupational mold exposure can lead to Aspergillus-associated allergic diseases including asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Elevated IL-17 levels or disbalanced T-helper (Th) cell expansion were previously linked to Aspergillus-associated allergic diseases, whereas alterations to the Th cell repertoire in healthy occupationally exposed subjects are scarcely studied. Therefore, we employed functional immunoassays to compare Th cell responses to A. fumigatus antigens in organic farmers, a cohort frequently exposed to environmental molds, and non-occupationally exposed controls. Organic farmers harbored significantly higher A. fumigatus-specific Th-cell frequencies than controls, with comparable expansion of Th1- and Th2-cell frequencies but only slightly elevated Th17-cell frequencies. Accordingly, Aspergillus antigen-induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels were strongly elevated, whereas induction of IL-17A was minimal. Additionally, increased levels of some innate immune cell-derived cytokines were found in samples from organic farmers. Antigen-induced cytokine release combined with Aspergillus-specific Th-cell frequencies resulted in high classification accuracy between organic farmers and controls. Aspf22, CatB, and CipC elicited the strongest differences in Th1 and Th2 responses between the two cohorts, suggesting these antigens as potential candidates for future bio-effect monitoring approaches. Overall, we found that occupationally exposed agricultural workers display a largely balanced co-expansion of Th1 and Th2 immunity with only minor changes in Th17 responses.}, language = {en} } @article{DaViaSolimandoGaritanoTrojaolaetal.2019, author = {Da Vi{\`a}, Matteo Claudio and Solimando, Antonio Giovanni and Garitano-Trojaola, Andoni and Barrio, Santiago and Munawar, Umair and Strifler, Susanne and Haertle, Larissa and Rhodes, Nadine and Vogt, Cornelia and Lapa, Constantin and Beilhack, Andreas and Rasche, Leo and Einsele, Hermann and Kort{\"u}m, K. Martin}, title = {CIC Mutation as a Molecular Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Combined BRAF-MEK Inhibition in Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma with Central Nervous System Involvement}, series = {The Oncologist}, volume = {25}, journal = {The Oncologist}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0356}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219549}, pages = {112-118}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Combined MEK-BRAF inhibition is a well-established treatment strategy in BRAF-mutated cancer, most prominently in malignant melanoma with durable responses being achieved through this targeted therapy. However, a subset of patients face primary unresponsiveness despite presence of the activating mutation at position V600E, and others acquire resistance under treatment. Underlying resistance mechanisms are largely unknown, and diagnostic tests to predict tumor response to BRAF-MEK inhibitor treatment are unavailable. Multiple myeloma represents the second most common hematologic malignancy, and point mutations in BRAF are detectable in about 10\% of patients. Targeted inhibition has been successfully applied, with mixed responses observed in a substantial subset of patients mirroring the widespread spatial heterogeneity in this genomically complex disease. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is an extremely rare, extramedullary form of multiple myeloma that can be diagnosed in less than 1\% of patients. It is considered an ultimate high-risk feature, associated with unfavorable cytogenetics, and, even with intense treatment applied, survival is short, reaching less than 12 months in most cases. Here we not only describe the first patient with an extramedullary CNS relapse responding to targeted dabrafenib and trametinib treatment, we furthermore provide evidence that a point mutation within the capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC) gene mediated the acquired resistance in this patient.}, language = {en} } @article{JanjetovicLohneisNogaietal.2021, author = {Janjetovic, Snjezana and Lohneis, Philipp and Nogai, Axel and Balci, Derya and Rasche, Leo and J{\"a}hne, Doris and Bokemeyer, Carsten and Schilling, Georgia and Blau, Igor Wolfgang and Schmidt-Hieber, Martin}, title = {Clinical and biological characteristics of medullary and extramedullary plasma cell dyscrasias}, series = {Biology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biology}, number = {7}, issn = {2079-7737}, doi = {10.3390/biology10070629}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242592}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Extramedullary plasma cell (PC) disorders may occur as extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma (MM-EMD) or as primary extramedullary plasmocytoma (pEMP)/solitary osseous plasmocytoma (SOP). In this study, we aimed to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms of extramedullary spread of clonal PC. Methods: Clinical and biological characteristics of 87 patients with MM-EMD (n = 49), pEMP/SOP (n = 20) and classical MM (n = 18) were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry (CXCR4, CD31, CD44 and CD81 staining) and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH). Results: High expression of CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, was significantly enriched in MM-EMD (90\%) vs. pEMP/SOP (27\%) or classical MM (33\%) (p < 0.001). In addition, 1q21 amplification by clonal PC occurred at a similar frequency of MM-EMD (33\%), pEMP/SOP (57\%) and classical MM (44\%). Conversely, del(17p13), t(4;14) and t(14;16) were completely absent in pEMP/SOP. Besides this, 1q21 amplification was identified in 64\% of not paraskeletal samples from MM-EMD or pEMP compared to 9\% of SOP or paraskeletal MM-EMD/pEMP and 44\% of classical MM samples, respectively (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Expression of molecules involved in homing and cytogenetic aberrations differ between MM with or without EMD and pEMP/SOP.}, language = {en} } @article{PilgramEberweinWilleetal.2021, author = {Pilgram, Lisa and Eberwein, Lukas and Wille, Kai and Koehler, Felix C. and Stecher, Melanie and Rieg, Siegbert and Kielstein, Jan T. and Jakob, Carolin E. M. and R{\"u}thrich, Maria and Burst, Volker and Prasser, Fabian and Borgmann, Stefan and M{\"u}ller, Roman-Ulrich and Lanznaster, Julia and Isberner, Nora and Tometten, Lukas and Dolff, Sebastian}, title = {Clinical course and predictive risk factors for fatal outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease}, series = {Infection}, volume = {49}, journal = {Infection}, number = {4}, organization = {LEOSS Study group}, issn = {0300-8126}, doi = {10.1007/s15010-021-01597-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-308957}, pages = {725-737}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has stressed health systems worldwide. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) seem to be more prone to a severe course of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to comorbidities and an altered immune system. The study's aim was to identify factors predicting mortality among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with CKD. Methods We analyzed 2817 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients enrolled in the Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and identified 426 patients with pre-existing CKD. Group comparisons were performed via Chi-squared test. Using univariate and multivariable logistic regression, predictive factors for mortality were identified. Results Comparative analyses to patients without CKD revealed a higher mortality (140/426, 32.9\% versus 354/2391, 14.8\%). Higher age could be confirmed as a demographic predictor for mortality in CKD patients (> 85 years compared to 15-65 years, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.49, 95\% CI 1.27-33.20, p = 0.025). We further identified markedly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (> 2 × upper limit of normal, aOR 23.21, 95\% CI 3.66-147.11, p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (< 120,000/µl, aOR 11.66, 95\% CI 2.49-54.70, p = 0.002), anemia (Hb < 10 g/dl, aOR 3.21, 95\% CI 1.17-8.82, p = 0.024), and C-reactive protein (≥ 30 mg/l, aOR 3.44, 95\% CI 1.13-10.45, p = 0.029) as predictors, while renal replacement therapy was not related to mortality (aOR 1.15, 95\% CI 0.68-1.93, p = 0.611). Conclusion The identified predictors include routinely measured and universally available parameters. Their assessment might facilitate risk stratification in this highly vulnerable cohort as early as at initial medical evaluation for SARS-CoV-2.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ullmann2023, author = {Ullmann, Monika Anna}, title = {Clostridioides difficile Infektionen im Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau - Retrospektive Analyse des Zeitraums 01/2013-05/2015 -}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32808}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328085}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die CDI ist weltweit die h{\"a}ufigste Ursache der antibiotikaassoziierten nosokomialen Diarrhoe. Sie geht mit steigender Inzidenz, Hospitalisierung und hohen Behandlungskosten in Milliardenh{\"o}he einher. Auch im ambulanten Sektor werden steigende Infektionszahlen gemeldet, die nicht nur ein Problem f{\"u}r die Krankenh{\"a}user, sondern auch f{\"u}r die Pflegeeinrichtungen darstellen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, retrospektiv die CDI-F{\"a}lle des Klinikums Aschaffenburg-Alzenau (ausgenommen Kinderklinik) im Zeitraum 01.01.2013 - 25.05.2015 zu erfassen und die antibiotische Initialtherapie zu ermitteln. F{\"u}r die Diagnose einer CDI wurde ein positiver Toxinnachweis in der Stuhlkultur vorausgesetzt. Im weiteren Fokus standen die Rezidivh{\"a}ufigkeit, die antibiotische Folgetherapie, die Komplikationen bis hin zu den Todesursachen sowie Pr{\"a}ventionsmaßnahmen. Im o.g. Zeitraum waren 299 Patienten und Patientinnen mit einer CDI hospitalisiert. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 73,8 Jahren. Es handelte sich in der Mehrzahl um multimorbide und immunsupprimierte Patienten und Patientinnen. 61\% waren antibiotisch vorbehandelt. Am h{\"a}ufigsten verwendet wurden Breitbandpenicilline (36\%), Cephalosporine der 3. Generation (12\%) und Fluorchinolone (10\%). {\"U}ber 1/3 der Patienten und Patientinnen wurde mit Mehrfachkombinationen behandelt und bei 2\% war eine zytostatische Behandlung vorausgegangen. In der Initialtherapie der CDI kam bei fast der H{\"a}lfte Erkrankten (47\%) Metronidazol zur Anwendung. Die Rezidivrate lag bei 20\%, Mehrfachrezidive traten bei 5,7\% auf. Die antibiotische Folgetherapie der CDI erfolgte bei 39\% der Patienten und Patientinnen mit Vancomycin oder Fidaxomicin entsprechend den damals geltenden Empfehlungen leitlinienkonform. Rund ¼ aller Erkrankten verstarben, davon 17\% CDI-assoziiert. Der f{\"a}kale Stuhltransfer, der ab dem 2. Rezidiv empfohlen wird, und die Genotypisierung bei Mehrfachrezidiven wurde in keinem Fall durchgef{\"u}hrt. 2021 wurde die CDI-Behandlungsleitlinie der ESCMID aktualisiert. Statt dem Einsatz von Metronidazol werden nun Fidaxomicin oder Vancomycin, in Rezidivsituationen die Standardantibiose um den Antik{\"o}rper Bezlotoxumab erg{\"a}nzt. 06/2023 erschien die Konsultationsfassung der S2k-Leitlinie "Gastrointestinale Infektionen und Morbus Whipple" der DGVS. Die Empfehlungen gleichen sich. Es kann festgehalten werden, dass die CDI auch im Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau ein ernstes Problem darstellt, das Pr{\"a}ventionsmaßnahmen bedarf. Die Rezidiv- und Todesraten sind hoch. In dieser Arbeit konnte best{\"a}tigt werden, dass der unbedachte Einsatz von Antibiotika ein wichtiger Hauptrisikofaktor f{\"u}r die Entstehung einer CDI ist. Daher sollte die Indikation f{\"u}r eine antibiotische Therapie streng gestellt werden. Die Daten zeigen ferner, dass die Umsetzung aktueller Leitlinienempfehlungen nicht oder zeitlich verz{\"o}gert erfolgte. Seit der Etablierung und Umsetzung des ABS 2017 am Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau konnte ein R{\"u}ckgang der CDI um 21\% verzeichnet werden. Ein ABS ist eine M{\"o}glichkeit die konsequente Anwendung aktueller Empfehlungen im klinischen Alltag umzusetzen und so zu einer h{\"o}heren Erfolgsrate der Behandlung und einer niedrigeren Rezidivrate beizutragen. Die Umsetzung einer gezielten fr{\"u}hen Diagnostik, Schutz- und Isoliermaßnahmen, Surveillance und regelm{\"a}ßige Fort- und Weiterbildung der Mitarbeiter*innen sind weitere wichtige Bausteine, die zur Pr{\"a}vention der CDI beitragen.}, subject = {Clostridium-difficile-Infektion}, language = {de} } @article{ReiterDemirbasSchmalzingetal.2022, author = {Reiter, Theresa and Demirbas, Senem and Schmalzing, Marc and Voelker, Wolfram and Bauer, Wolfgang R. and G{\"u}der, G{\"u}lmisal}, title = {CMR detects extensive intracavitary thrombi as solitary clinical presentation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A case report}, series = {Clinical Case Reports}, volume = {10}, journal = {Clinical Case Reports}, number = {11}, issn = {2050-0904}, doi = {10.1002/ccr3.6568}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312766}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Intracavitary thrombi are an important differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) allows their non-invasive characterization. This case highlights extensive cardiac thrombi detected by CMR as solitary presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtHieberSillingSchalketal.2016, author = {Schmidt-Hieber, M. and Silling, G. and Schalk, E. and Heinz, W. and Panse, J. and Penack, O. and Christopeit, M. and Buchheidt, D. and Meyding-Lamad{\´e}, U. and H{\"a}hnel, S. and Wolf, H. H. and Ruhnke, M. and Schwartz, S. and Maschmeyer, G.}, title = {CNS infections in patients with hematological disorders (including allogeneic stem-cell transplantation)-Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)}, series = {Annals of Oncology}, volume = {27}, journal = {Annals of Oncology}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdw155}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188210}, pages = {1207-1225}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are infrequently diagnosed in immunocompetent patients, but they do occur in a significant proportion of patients with hematological disorders. In particular, patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation carry a high risk for CNS infections of up to 15\%. Fungi and Toxoplasma gondii are the predominant causative agents. The diagnosis of CNS infections is based on neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid examination and biopsy of suspicious lesions in selected patients. However, identification of CNS infections in immunocompromised patients could represent a major challenge since metabolic disturbances, side-effects of antineoplastic or immunosuppressive drugs and CNS involvement of the underlying hematological disorder may mimic symptoms of a CNS infection. The prognosis of CNS infections is generally poor in these patients, albeit the introduction of novel substances (e.g. voriconazole) has improved the outcome in distinct patient subgroups. This guideline has been developed by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) with the contribution of a panel of 14 experts certified in internal medicine, hematology/oncology, infectious diseases, intensive care, neurology and neuroradiology. Grades of recommendation and levels of evidence were categorized by using novel criteria, as recently published by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.}, language = {en} } @article{PaholcsekFidlerKonyaetal.2015, author = {Paholcsek, Melinda and Fidler, Gabor and Konya, Jozsef and Rejto, Laszlo and Mehes, Gabor and Bukta, Evelin and Loeffler, Juergen and Biro, Sandor}, title = {Combining standard clinical methods with PCR showed improved diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies and prolonged neutropenia}, series = {BMC Infectious Diseases}, volume = {15}, journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases}, number = {251}, doi = {10.1186/s12879-015-0995-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151607}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: We assessed the diagnostic value of standard clinical methods and combined biomarker testing (galactomannan assay and polymerase chain reaction screening) in a prospective case-control study to detect invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies and prolonged neutropenia. Methods: In this observational study 162 biomarker analyses were performed on samples from 27 febrile neutropenic episodes. Sera were successively screened for galactomannan antigen and for Aspergillus fumigatus specific nucleic acid targets. Furthermore thoracic computed tomography scanning was performed along with bronchoscopy with lavage when clinically indicated. Patients were retrospectively stratified to define a case-group with "proven" or "probable" invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (25.93 \%) and a control-group of patients with no evidence for of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (74.07 \%). In 44.44 \% of episodes fever ceased in response to antibiotic treatment (group II). Empirical antifungal therapy was administered for episodes with persistent or relapsing fever (group I). 48.15 \% of patients died during the study period. Postmortem histology was pursued in 53.85 \% of fatalities. Results: Concordant negative galactomannan and computed tomography supported by a polymerase chain reaction assay were shown to have the highest discriminatory power to exclude invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 6 cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and in 15 controls. Although bronchoalveolar lavage proved negative in 93 \% of controls it did not detect IPA in 86 \% of the cases. Remarkably post mortem histology convincingly supported the presence of Aspergillus hyphae in lung tissue from a single case which had consecutive positive polymerase chain reaction assay results but was misdiagnosed by both computed tomography and consistently negative galactomannan assay results. For the galactomannan enzyme-immunoassay the diagnostic odds ratio was 15.33 and for the polymerase chain reaction assay it was 28.67. According to Cohen's kappa our in-house polymerase chain reaction method showed a fair agreement with the galactomannan immunoassay. Combined analysis of the results from the Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay together with those generated by our polymerase chain reaction assay led to no misdiagnoses in the control group. Conclusion: The data from this pilot-study demonstrate that the consideration of standard clinical methods combined with biomarker testing improves the capacity to make early and more accurate diagnostic decisions.}, language = {en} } @article{LupianezVillaescusaCarvalhoetal.2016, author = {Lupia{\~n}ez, Carmen B. and Villaescusa, Maria T. and Carvalho, Agostinho and Springer, Jan and Lackner, Michaela and S{\´a}nchez-Maldonado, Jos{\´e} M. and Canet, Luz M. and Cunha, Cristina and Segura-Catena, Joana and Alcazar-Fuoli, Laura and Solano, Carlos and Fianchi, Luana and Pagano, Livio and Potenza, Leonardo and Aguado, Jos{\´e} M. and Luppi, Mario and Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel and Lass-Fl{\"o}rl, Cornelia and Einsele, Hermann and V{\´a}zquez, Lourdes and R{\´i}os-Tamayo, Rafael and Loeffler, J{\"u}rgen and Jurado, Manuel and Sainz, Juan}, title = {Common Genetic Polymorphisms within NF kappa B-Related Genes and the Risk of Developing Invasive Aspergillosis}, series = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, number = {1243}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2016.01243}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165209}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is an opportunistic infection caused by Aspergillus, a ubiquitously present airborne pathogenic mold. A growing number of studies suggest a major host genetic component in disease susceptibility. Here, we evaluated whether 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within NFκB1, NFκB2, RelA, RelB, Rel, and IRF4 genes influence the risk of IA in a population of 834 high-risk patients (157 IA and 677 non-IA) recruited through a collaborative effort involving the aspBIOmics consortium and four European clinical institutions. No significant overall associations between selected SNPs and the risk of IA were found in this large cohort. Although a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-stratified analysis revealed that carriers of the IRF4rs12203592T/T genotype had a six-fold increased risk of developing the infection when compared with those carrying the C allele (ORREC = 6.24, 95\%CI 1.25-31.2, P = 0.026), the association of this variant with IA risk did not reach significance at experiment-wide significant threshold. In addition, we found an association of the IRF4AATC and IRF4GGTC haplotypes (not including the IRF4rs12203592T risk allele) with a decreased risk of IA but the magnitude of the association was similar to the one observed in the single-SNP analysis, which indicated that the haplotypic effect on IA risk was likely due to the IRF4rs12203592 SNP. Finally, no evidence of significant interactions among the genetic markers tested and the risk of IA was found. These results suggest that the SNPs on the studied genes do not have a clinically relevant impact on the risk of developing IA.}, language = {en} } @article{BelicPageLazariotouetal.2019, author = {Belic, Stanislav and Page, Lukas and Lazariotou, Maria and Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria and Dragan, Mariola and Springer, Jan and Loeffler, Juergen and Morton, Charles Oliver and Einsele, Hermann and Ullmann, Andrew J. and Wurster, Sebastian}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Alveolar Epithelial Barrier Invasion in a Transwell® Bilayer Model of Mucormycosis}, series = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2018.03204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252477}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Understanding the mechanisms of early invasion and epithelial defense in opportunistic mold infections is crucial for the evaluation of diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. Recent studies revealed unique characteristics of the immunopathology of mucormycoses. We therefore adapted an alveolar Transwell® A549/HPAEC bilayer model for the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity and cytokine response to Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Hyphal penetration of the alveolar barrier was validated by 18S ribosomal DNA detection in the endothelial compartment. Addition of dendritic cells (moDCs) to the alveolar compartment led to reduced fungal invasion and strongly enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response, whereas epithelial CCL2 and CCL5 release was reduced. Despite their phenotypic heterogeneity, the studied Mucorales species elicited the release of similar cytokine patterns by epithelial and dendritic cells. There were significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in the alveolar compartment and epithelial barrier permeability for dextran blue of different molecular weights in Mucorales-infected samples compared to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Addition of monocyte-derived dendritic cells further aggravated LDH release and epithelial barrier permeability, highlighting the influence of the inflammatory response in mucormycosis-associated tissue damage. An important focus of this study was the evaluation of the reproducibility of readout parameters in independent experimental runs. Our results revealed consistently low coefficients of variation for cytokine concentrations and transcriptional levels of cytokine genes and cell integrity markers. As additional means of model validation, we confirmed that our bilayer model captures key principles of Mucorales biology such as accelerated growth in a hyperglycemic or ketoacidotic environment or reduced epithelial barrier invasion upon epithelial growth factor receptor blockade by gefitinib. Our findings indicate that the Transwell® bilayer model provides a reliable and reproducible tool for assessing host response in mucormycosis.}, language = {en} } @article{WagnerDrouetTeschnerWolschkeetal.2021, author = {Wagner-Drouet, Eva and Teschner, Daniel and Wolschke, Christine and Sch{\"a}fer-Eckart, Kerstin and G{\"a}rtner, Johannes and Mielke, Stephan and Schreder, Martin and Kobbe, Guido and Hilgendorf, Inken and Klein, Stefan and Verbeek, Mareike and Ditschkowski, Markus and Koch, Martina and Lindemann, Monika and Schmidt, Traudel and Rascle, Anne and Barabas, Sascha and Deml, Ludwig and Wagner, Ralf and Wolff, Daniel}, title = {Comparison of cytomegalovirus-specific immune cell response to proteins versus peptides using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation}, series = {Diagnostics}, volume = {11}, journal = {Diagnostics}, number = {2}, issn = {2075-4418}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics11020312}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228843}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Measuring CMV-specific cellular immunity may improve the risk stratification and management of patients. IFN-γ ELISpot assays, based on the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CMV pp65 and IE-1 proteins or peptides, have been validated in clinical settings. However, it remains unclear to which extend the T-cell response to synthetic peptides reflect that mediated by full-length proteins processed by antigen-presenting cells. We compared the stimulating ability of pp65 and IE-1 proteins and corresponding overlapping peptides in 16 HSCT recipients using a standardized IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Paired qualitative test results showed an overall 74.4\% concordance. Discordant results were mainly due to low-response tests, with one exception. One patient with early CMV reactivation and graft-versus-host disease, sustained CMV DNAemia and high CD8\(^+\) counts showed successive negative protein-based ELISpot results but a high and sustained response to IE-1 peptides. Our results suggest that the response to exogenous proteins, which involves their uptake and processing by antigen-presenting cells, more closely reflects the physiological response to CMV infection, while the response to exogenous peptides may lead to artificial in vitro T-cell responses, especially in strongly immunosuppressed patients.}, language = {en} } @article{WhiteWiederholdLoeffleretal.2016, author = {White, P. Lewis and Wiederhold, Nathan P. and Loeffler, Juergen and Najvar, Laura K. and Melchers, Willem and Herrera, Monica and Bretagne, Stephane and Wickes, Brian and Kirkpatrick, William R. and Barnes, Rosemary A. and Donnelly, J. Peter and Patterson, Thomas F.}, title = {Comparison of nonculture blood-based tests for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in an animal model}, series = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1128/JCM.03233-15}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189674}, pages = {960-966}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The European Aspergillus PCR Initiative (EAPCRI) has provided recommendations for the PCR testing of whole blood (WB) and serum/plasma. It is important to test these recommended protocols on nonsimulated "in vivo" specimens before full clinical evaluation. The testing of an animal model of invasive aspergillosis (IA) overcomes the low incidence of disease and provides experimental design and control that is not possible in the clinical setting. Inadequate performance of the recommended protocols at this stage would require reassessment of methods before clinical trials are performed and utility assessed. The manuscript describes the performance of EAPCRI protocols in an animal model of invasive aspergillosis. Blood samples taken from a guinea pig model of IA were used for WB and serum PCR. Galactomannan and beta-D-glucan detection were evaluated, with particular focus on the timing of positivity and on the interpretation of combination testing. The overall sensitivities for WB PCR, serum PCR, galactomannan, and beta-D-glucan were 73\%, 65\%, 68\%, and 46\%, respectively. The corresponding specificities were 92\%, 79\%, 80\%, and 100\%, respectively. PCR provided the earliest indicator of IA, and increasing galactomannan and beta-D-glucan values were indicators of disease progression. The combination of WB PCR with galactomannan and beta-D-glucan proved optimal (area under the curve AUC], 0.95), and IA was confidently diagnosed or excluded. The EAPRCI-recommended PCR protocols provide performance comparable to commercial antigen tests, and clinical trials are warranted. By combining multiple tests, IA can be excluded or confirmed, highlighting the need for a combined diagnostic strategy. However, this approach must be balanced against the practicality and cost of using multiple tests.}, language = {en} } @article{SchanbacherHermannsLorenzetal.2023, author = {Schanbacher, Constanze and Hermanns, Heike M. and Lorenz, Kristina and Wajant, Harald and Lang, Isabell}, title = {Complement 1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs): structure, receptors and signaling}, series = {Biomedicines}, volume = {11}, journal = {Biomedicines}, number = {2}, issn = {2227-9059}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines11020559}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304136}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Adiponectin and the other 15 members of the complement 1q (C1q)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein (CTRP) family are secreted proteins composed of an N-terminal variable domain followed by a stalk region and a characteristic C-terminal trimerizing globular C1q (gC1q) domain originally identified in the subunits of the complement protein C1q. We performed a basic PubMed literature search for articles mentioning the various CTRPs or their receptors in the abstract or title. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the biology of CTRPs and focus then on the structure, receptors and major signaling pathways of CTRPs. Analyses of CTRP knockout mice and CTRP transgenic mice gave overwhelming evidence for the relevance of the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of CTRPs in autoimmune diseases, obesity, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction. CTRPs form homo- and heterotypic trimers and oligomers which can have different activities. The receptors of some CTRPs are unknown and some receptors are redundantly targeted by several CTRPs. The way in which CTRPs activate their receptors to trigger downstream signaling pathways is largely unknown. CTRPs and their receptors are considered as promising therapeutic targets but their translational usage is still hampered by the limited knowledge of CTRP redundancy and CTRP signal transduction.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouBaiMeckeletal.2021, author = {Zhou, Xiang and Bai, Tao and Meckel, Katharina and Song, Jun and Jin, Yu and Kort{\"u}m, Martin K. and Eisele, Hermann and Hou, Xiaohua and Rasche, Leo}, title = {COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from W{\"u}rzburg and Wuhan}, series = {Annals of Hematology}, volume = {100}, journal = {Annals of Hematology}, issn = {0939-5555}, doi = {10.1007/s00277-020-04184-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235108}, pages = {843-846}, year = {2021}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{TappeLauruschkatStrobeletal.2022, author = {Tappe, Beeke and Lauruschkat, Chris D. and Strobel, Lea and Pantale{\´o}n Garc{\´i}a, Jezreel and Kurzai, Oliver and Rebhan, Silke and Kraus, Sabrina and Pfeuffer-Jovic, Elena and Bussemer, Lydia and Possler, Lotte and Held, Matthias and H{\"u}nniger, Kerstin and Kniemeyer, Olaf and Sch{\"a}uble, Sascha and Brakhage, Axel A. and Panagiotou, Gianni and White, P. Lewis and Einsele, Hermann and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen and Wurster, Sebastian}, title = {COVID-19 patients share common, corticosteroid-independent features of impaired host immunity to pathogenic molds}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.954985}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-283558}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Patients suffering from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are susceptible to deadly secondary fungal infections such as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Despite this clinical observation, direct experimental evidence for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-driven alterations of antifungal immunity is scarce. Using an ex-vivo whole blood stimulation assay, we challenged blood from twelve COVID-19 patients with Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus antigens and studied the expression of activation, maturation, and exhaustion markers, as well as cytokine secretion. Compared to healthy controls, T-helper cells from COVID-19 patients displayed increased expression levels of the exhaustion marker PD-1 and weakened A. fumigatus- and R. arrhizus-induced activation. While baseline secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was massively elevated, whole blood from COVID-19 patients elicited diminished release of T-cellular (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-2) and innate immune cell-derived (e.g., CXCL9, CXCL10) cytokines in response to A. fumigatus and R. arrhizus antigens. Additionally, samples from COVID-19 patients showed deficient granulocyte activation by mold antigens and reduced fungal killing capacity of neutrophils. These features of weakened anti-mold immune responses were largely decoupled from COVID-19 severity, the time elapsed since diagnosis of COVID-19, and recent corticosteroid uptake, suggesting that impaired anti-mold defense is a common denominator of the underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of the immune predisposition to post-viral mold infections and could inform future studies of immunotherapeutic strategies to prevent and treat fungal superinfections in COVID-19 patients.}, language = {en} } @article{MaucherSrourDanhofetal.2021, author = {Maucher, Marius and Srour, Micha and Danhof, Sophia and Einsele, Hermann and Hudecek, Michael and Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim}, title = {Current limitations and perspectives of chimeric antigen receptor-T-cells in acute myeloid leukemia}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {24}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers13246157}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252180}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Adoptive transfer of gene-engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells has emerged as a powerful immunotherapy for combating hematologic cancers. Several target antigens that are prevalently expressed on AML cells have undergone evaluation in preclinical CAR-T-cell testing. Attributes of an 'ideal' target antigen for CAR-T-cell therapy in AML include high-level expression on leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and absence on healthy tissues, normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In contrast to other blood cancer types, where CAR-T therapies are being similarly studied, only a rather small number of AML patients has received CAR-T-cell treatment in clinical trials, resulting in limited clinical experience for this therapeutic approach in AML. For curative AML treatment, abrogation of bulk blasts and LSCs is mandatory with the need for hematopoietic recovery after CAR-T administration. Herein, we provide a critical review of the current pipeline of candidate target antigens and corresponding CAR-T-cell products in AML, assess challenges for clinical translation and implementation in routine clinical practice, as well as perspectives for overcoming them.}, language = {en} } @article{LapaHerrmannSchirbeletal.2017, author = {Lapa, Constantin and Herrmann, Ken and Schirbel, Andreas and H{\"a}nscheid, Heribert and L{\"u}ckerath, Katharina and Schottelius, Margret and Kircher, Malte and Werner, Rudolf A. and Schreder, Martin and Samnick, Samuel and Kropf, Saskia and Knop, Stefan and Buck, Andreas K. and Einsele, Hermann and Wester, Hans-Juergen and Kort{\"u}m, K. Martin}, title = {CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy induces high response rates in extramedullary relapsed multiple myeloma}, series = {Theranostics}, volume = {7}, journal = {Theranostics}, number = {6}, doi = {10.7150/thno.19050}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172095}, pages = {1589-1597}, year = {2017}, abstract = {C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer. We have recently reported promising first-in-man experience with CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy (ERT) in multiple myeloma (MM). Eight heavily pretreated MM patients underwent a total of 10 ERT cycles (7 patients with 1 cycle and a single patient with 3 cycles). ERT was administered in combination with chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support. End points were occurrence and timing of adverse events, progression-free and overall survival. ERT was overall well tolerated without any unexpected acute adverse events or changes in vital signs. With absorbed tumor doses >30-70 Gy in intra- or extramedullary lesions, significant anti-myeloma activity was observed with 1 patient achieving complete remission and 5/8 partial remission. Directly after ERT major infectious complications were seen in one patient who died from sepsis 22 days after ERT, another patient with high tumor burden experienced lethal tumor lysis syndrome. Median progression-free survival was 54 days (range, 13-175), median overall survival was 223 days (range, 13-313). During follow-up (6 patients available), one patient died from infectious complications, 2/8 from disease progression, the remaining 3/8 patients are still alive. CXCR4-directed ERT was well-tolerated and exerted anti-myeloma activity even at very advanced stage MM with presence of extramedullary disease. Further assessment of this novel treatment option is highly warranted.}, language = {en} } @article{BuckSerflingLindneretal.2022, author = {Buck, Andreas K. and Serfling, Sebastian E. and Lindner, Thomas and H{\"a}nscheid, Heribert and Schirbel, Andreas and Hahner, Stefanie and Fassnacht, Martin and Einsele, Hermann and Werner, Rudolf A.}, title = {CXCR4-targeted theranostics in oncology}, series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, volume = {49}, journal = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1007/s00259-022-05849-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324545}, pages = {4133-4144}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A growing body of literature reports on the upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in a variety of cancer entities, rendering this receptor as suitable target for molecular imaging and endoradiotherapy in a theranostic setting. For instance, the CXCR4-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) agent [\(^{68}\)Ga]PentixaFor has been proven useful for a comprehensive assessment of the current status quo of solid tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma or small-cell lung cancer. In addition, [\(^{68}\)Ga]PentixaFor has also provided an excellent readout for hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, marginal zone lymphoma, or mantle cell lymphoma. PET-based quantification of the CXCR4 capacities in vivo allows for selecting candidates that would be suitable for treatment using the theranostic equivalent [\(^{177}\)Lu]/[\(^{90}\)Y]PentixaTher. This CXCR4-directed theranostic concept has been used as a conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to achieve sufficient anti-lymphoma/-tumor activity in particular for malignant tissues that are highly sensitive to radiation, such as the hematological system. Increasing the safety margin, pretherapeutic dosimetry is routinely performed to determine the optimal activity to enhance therapeutic efficacy and to reduce off-target adverse events. The present review will provide an overview of current applications for CXCR4-directed molecular imaging and will introduce the CXCR4-targeted theranostic concept for advanced hematological malignancies.}, language = {en} } @article{DimopoulosWeiselSongetal.2015, author = {Dimopoulos, Meletios A. and Weisel, Katja C. and Song, Kevin W. and Delforge, Michel and Karlin, Lionel and Goldschmidt, Hartmut and Moreau, Philippe and Banos, Anne and Oriol, Albert and Garderet, Laurent and Cavo, Michele and Ivanova, Valentina and Alegre, Adrian and Martinez-Lopez, Joaquin and Chen, Christine and Spencer, Andrew and Knop, Stefan and Bahlis, Nizar J. and Renner, Christoph and Yu, Xin and Hong, Kevin and Sternas, Lars and Jacques, Christian and Zaki, Mohamed H. and San Miguel, Jesus F.}, title = {Cytogenetics and long-term survival of patients with refractory or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma treated with pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone}, series = {Haematologica}, volume = {100}, journal = {Haematologica}, number = {10}, doi = {10.3324/haematol.2014.117077}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140349}, pages = {1327 -- 1333}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Patients with refractory or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who no longer receive benefit from novel agents have limited treatment options and short expected survival. del(17p) and t(4;14) are correlated with shortened survival. The phase 3 MM-003 trial demonstrated significant progression-free and overall survival benefits from treatment with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone compared to high-dose dexamethasone among patients in whom bortezomib and lenalidomide treatment had failed. At an updated median follow-up of 15.4 months, the progression-free survival was 4.0 versus 1.9 months (HR, 0.50; P<0.001), and median overall survival was 13.1 versus 8.1 months (HR, 0.72; P=0.009). Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone, compared with high-dose dexamethasone, improved progression-free survival in patients with del(17p) (4.6 versus 1.1 months; HR, 0.34; P < 0.001), t(4;14) (2.8 versus 1.9 months; HR, 0.49; P=0.028), and in standard-risk patients (4.2 versus 2.3 months; HR, 0.55; P<0.001). Although the majority of patients treated with high-dose dexamethasone took pomalidomide after discontinuation, the overall survival of patients treated with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone or highdose dexamethasone was 12.6 versus 7.7 months (HR, 0.45; P=0.008) in patients with del(17p), 7.5 versus 4.9 months (HR, 1.12; P=0.761) in those with t(4;14), and 14.0 versus 9.0 months (HR, 0.85; P=0.380) in standard-risk subjects. The overall response rate was higher in patients treated with pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone than in those treated with high-dose dexamethasone both among standard-risk patients (35.2\% versus 9.7\%) and those with del(17p) (31.8\% versus 4.3\%), whereas it was similar in patients with t(4; 14) (15.9\% versus 13.3\%). The safety of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone was consistent with initial reports. In conclusion, pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone is efficacious in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and del(17p) and/or t(4;14).}, language = {en} }