@article{HaeusnerHerbstBittorfetal.2021,
  author    = {Haeusner, Sebastian and Herbst, Laura and Bittorf, Patrick and Schwarz, Thomas and Henze, Chris and Mauermann, Marc and Ochs, Jelena and Schmitt, Robert and Blache, Ulrich and Wixmerten, Anke and Miot, Sylvie and Martin, Ivan and Pullig, Oliver},
  title     = {From Single Batch to Mass Production-Automated Platform Design Concept for a Phase II Clinical Trial Tissue Engineered Cartilage Product},
  series = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  issn      = {2296-858X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmed.2021.712917},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244631},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) provide promising treatment options particularly for unmet clinical needs, such as progressive and chronic diseases where currently no satisfying treatment exists. Especially from the ATMP subclass of Tissue Engineered Products (TEPs), only a few have yet been translated from an academic setting to clinic and beyond. A reason for low numbers of TEPs in current clinical trials and one main key hurdle for TEPs is the cost and labor-intensive manufacturing process. Manual production steps require experienced personnel, are challenging to standardize and to scale up. Automated manufacturing has the potential to overcome these challenges, toward an increasing cost-effectiveness. One major obstacle for automation is the control and risk prevention of cross contaminations, especially when handling parallel production lines of different patient material. These critical steps necessitate validated effective and efficient cleaning procedures in an automated system. In this perspective, possible technologies, concepts and solutions to existing ATMP manufacturing hurdles are discussed on the example of a late clinical phase II trial TEP. In compliance to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, we propose a dual arm robot based isolator approach. Our novel concept enables complete process automation for adherent cell culture, and the translation of all manual process steps with standard laboratory equipment. Moreover, we discuss novel solutions for automated cleaning, without the need for human intervention. Consequently, our automation concept offers the unique chance to scale up production while becoming more cost-effective, which will ultimately increase TEP availability to a broader number of patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BittorfBergmannMerlinetal.2020,
  author    = {Bittorf, Patrick and Bergmann, Thorsten and Merlin, Simone and Olgasi, Chistina and Pullig, Oliver and Sanzenbacher, Ralf and Zierau, Martin and Walles, Heike and Follenzi, Antonia and Braspenning, Joris},
  title     = {Regulatory-Compliant Validation of a Highly Sensitive qPCR for Biodistribution Assessment of Hemophilia A Patient Cells},
  series = {Molecular Therapy - Methods \& Clinical Development},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Molecular Therapy - Methods \& Clinical Development},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.029},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230284},
  pages     = {176-188},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The investigation of the biodistribution profile of a cell-based medicinal product is a pivotal prerequisite to allow a factual benefit-risk assessment within the non-clinical to clinical translation in product development. Here, a qPCR-based method to determine the amount of human DNA in mouse DNA was validated according to the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Furthermore, a preclinical worst-case scenario study was performed in which this method was applied to investigate the biodistribution of 2 x 10\(^6\) intravenously administered, genetically modified, blood outgrowth endothelial cells from hemophilia A patients after 24 h and 7 days. The validation of the qPCR method demonstrated high accuracy, precision, and linearity for the concentration interval of 1:1 x 10\(^3\) to 1:1 x 10\(^6\) human to mouse DNA. The application of this method in the biodistribution study resulted in the detection of human genomes in four out of the eight investigated organs after 24 h. After 7 days, no human DNA was detected in the eight organs analyzed. This biodistribution study provides mandatory data on the toxicokinetic safety profile of an actual candidate cell-based medicinal product. The extensive evaluation of the required validation parameters confirms the applicability of the qPCR method for non-clinical biodistribution studies.},
  language  = {en}
}