@article{BremGruenblattDrechsleretal.2014,
  author    = {Brem, Silvia and Gr{\"u}nblatt, Edna and Drechsler, Renate and Riederer, Peter and Walitza, Susanne},
  title     = {The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD},
  series = {Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12402-014-0146-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121312},
  pages     = {175-202},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in paediatric populations. The high comorbidity of ADHD and OCD with each other, especially of ADHD in paediatric OCD, is well described. OCD and ADHD often follow a chronic course with persistent rates of at least 40-50 \%. Family studies showed high heritability in ADHD and OCD, and some genetic findings showed similar variants for both disorders of the same pathogenetic mechanisms, whereas other genetic findings may differentiate between ADHD and OCD. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggest that partly similar executive functions are affected in both disorders. The deficits in the corresponding brain networks may be responsible for the perseverative, compulsive symptoms in OCD but also for the disinhibited and impulsive symptoms characterizing ADHD. This article reviews the current literature of neuroimaging, neurochemical circuitry, neuropsychological and genetic findings considering similarities as well as differences between OCD and ADHD.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schmid2012,
  author    = {Schmid, Benedikt},
  title     = {Relation between cerebral arterio-venous transit time and neuropsychological performance in patients with vascular dementia},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71234},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Dementia, or any form of degenerative cognitive decline, is one of the major problems in present, and even more will be in future medicine. With Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most prevalent, Vascular Dementia is the second most entity of dementing processes in the elderly. As diagnostic criteria are still imprecise and in many cases do not embrace early stages of the disease, recent studies have proposed more detailed classifications of the newly created condition Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Of all conditions subsumed under this term, subcortical small-vessel alterations are the most common cause for cognitive decline. The diagnosis of dementia / cognitive impairment is presently often made in late stages of the disease, when therapeutical options are poor. Thus, early detection of changes of the subcortical small vessels is desirable, when there is still time to identify and aggressively treat risk factors and underlying conditions like diabetes, hyper- or hypotension, and hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate whether cTT correlates to cognitive dysfunction, i.e. if cTT is fit as an early diagnostic tool for VCI. The study cohort included 38 patients from the Neurological Clinic of the W{\"u}rzburg University hospital admitted due to diagnoses other than dementia or stroke. As a result of this study it turned out that cTT is certainly capable of fulfilling the task to easily and effectively detect and evaluate possible microvascular lesions of the brain with respect to the actual clinical relevance for the patient. When compared to the other proposed diagnostic tools, neuropsychological testing and MRI, the advantages of cTT are obvious: its measurement is a low-cost and quick procedure which would spare both patients and examiners a long neuropsychological exam or complement it. cTT is safe to assess as the only possible risks derive from the use of the contrast agent, which are rare and easily manageable. It has also proven to be more accurate in showing the extent of cognitive impairment than MRI. Finally, it is widely available. The only prerequisite is an ultrasound machine capable of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. No cost-intensive procedures like MRI are needed. So, with neuropsychological testing remaining the gold standard, cTT here proved to be a reliable alternative which is more time- and cost-effective than MRI.},
  subject      = {Demenz},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaaderKianiBrunkhorstKanaanetal.2020,
  author    = {Baader, Anna and Kiani, Behnaz and Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Reif, Andreas and Grimm, Oliver},
  title     = {A within-sample comparison of two innovative neuropsychological tests for assessing ADHD},
  series = {Brain Sciences},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Brain Sciences},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2076-3425},
  doi       = {10.3390/brainsci11010036},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220089},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {New innovative neuropsychological tests in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD have been proposed as objective measures for diagnosis and therapy. The current study aims to investigate two different commercial continuous performance tests (CPT) in a head-to-head comparison regarding their comparability and their link with clinical parameters. The CPTs were evaluated in a clinical sample of 29 adult patients presenting in an ADHD outpatient clinic. Correlational analyses were performed between neuropsychological data, clinical rating scales, and a personality-based measure. Though inattention was found to positively correlate between the two tests (r = 0.49, p = 0.01), no association with clinical measures and inattention was found for both tests. While hyperactivity did not correlate between both tests, current ADHD symptoms were positively associated with Nesplora Aquarium's motor activity (r = 0.52 to 0.61, p < 0.05) and the Qb-Test's hyperactivity (r = 0.52 to 0.71, p < 0.05). Conclusively, the overall comparability of the tests was limited and correlation with clinical parameters was low. While our study shows some interesting correlation between clinical symptoms and sub-scales of these tests, usage in clinical practice is not recommended.},
  language  = {en}
}