@article{NeszmelyiWellerKundeetal.2022, author = {Neszm{\´e}lyi, Bence and Weller, Lisa and Kunde, Wilfried and Pfister, Roland}, title = {Social action effects: representing predicted partner responses in social interactions}, series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, volume = {16}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2022.837495}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276609}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The sociomotor framework outlines a possible role of social action effects on human action control, suggesting that anticipated partner reactions are a major cue to represent, select, and initiate own body movements. Here, we review studies that elucidate the actual content of social action representations and that explore factors that can distinguish action control processes involving social and inanimate action effects. Specifically, we address two hypotheses on how the social context can influence effect-based action control: first, by providing unique social features such as body-related, anatomical codes, and second, by orienting attention towards any relevant feature dimensions of the action effects. The reviewed empirical work presents a surprisingly mixed picture: while there is indirect evidence for both accounts, previous studies that directly addressed the anatomical account showed no signs of the involvement of genuinely social features in sociomotor action control. Furthermore, several studies show evidence against the differentiation of social and non-social action effect processing, portraying sociomotor action representations as remarkably non-social. A focus on enhancing the social experience in future studies should, therefore, complement the current database to establish whether such settings give rise to the hypothesized influence of social context.}, language = {en} } @article{EckDignathKalckertetal.2022, author = {Eck, Julia and Dignath, David and Kalckert, Andreas and Pfister, Roland}, title = {Instant disembodiment of virtual body parts}, series = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics}, volume = {84}, journal = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics}, number = {8}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-022-02544-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324844}, pages = {2725-2740}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Evidence from multisensory body illusions suggests that body representations may be malleable, for instance, by embodying external objects. However, adjusting body representations to current task demands also implies that external objects become disembodied from the body representation if they are no longer required. In the current web-based study, we induced the embodiment of a two-dimensional (2D) virtual hand that could be controlled by active movements of a computer mouse or on a touchpad. Following initial embodiment, we probed for disembodiment by comparing two conditions: Participants either continued moving the virtual hand or they stopped moving and kept the hand still. Based on theoretical accounts that conceptualize body representations as a set of multisensory bindings, we expected gradual disembodiment of the virtual hand if the body representations are no longer updated through correlated visuomotor signals. In contrast to our prediction, the virtual hand was instantly disembodied as soon as participants stopped moving it. This result was replicated in two follow-up experiments. The observed instantaneous disembodiment might suggest that humans are sensitive to the rapid changes that characterize action and body in virtual environments, and hence adjust corresponding body representations particularly swiftly.}, language = {en} } @article{PfisterFoerster2022, author = {Pfister, Roland and Foerster, Anna}, title = {How to measure post-error slowing: The case of pre-error speeding}, series = {Behavior Research Methods}, volume = {54}, journal = {Behavior Research Methods}, number = {1}, issn = {1554-3528}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-021-01631-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273244}, pages = {435-443}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Post-error slowing is one of the most widely employed measures to study cognitive and behavioral consequences of error commission. Several methods have been proposed to quantify the post-error slowing effect, and we discuss two main methods: The traditional method of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to response times of correct trials that follow another correct trial, and a more recent proposal of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to the corresponding correct pre-error trials. Based on thorough re-analyses of two datasets, we argue that the latter method provides an inflated estimate by also capturing the (partially) independent effect of pre-error speeding. We propose two solutions for improving the assessment of human error processing, both of which highlight the importance of distinguishing between initial pre-error speeding and later post-error slowing.}, language = {en} } @article{ReisPfister2022, author = {Reis, Moritz and Pfister, Roland}, title = {Being Observed Does Not Boost Rule Retrieval}, series = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology}, volume = {18}, journal = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology}, number = {3}, doi = {10.5709/acp-0359-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301089}, pages = {173 -- 178}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Previous research, mainly focusing on the situational preconditions of rule violations, indicates that feelings of being watched by other agents promote rule compliance. However, the cognitive underpinnings of this effect and of rule violations in general have only attracted little scientific attention yet. In this study, we investigated whether cues of being observed not only reduce the likelihood of violating rules but also affect the underlying cognitive processes of such behavior when still putting a rule violation into action. Therefore, we applied a motion-tracking paradigm in which participants could violate a simple stimulus-response mapping rule while being faced with pictures of either open or closed eyes. In line with prior research, temporal and spatial measures of the participants' movements indicated that violating this rule induced substantial cognitive conflict. However, conflict during rulebreaking was not moderated by the eye stimuli. This outcome suggests that rule retrieval constitutes an automatic process which is not or is only barely influenced by situational parameters. Moreover, our results imply that the effect of perceived observation on rule conformity is driven by normative influences on decision-making instead of social facilitation of dominant action tendencies.}, language = {en} }