@phdthesis{Brunner2017,
  author    = {Brunner, Thomas},
  title     = {Nutzen eines implantierten Event Recorders zur Detektion von klinisch relevanten Rhythmusst{\"o}rungen bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Fabry - Kardiomyopathie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155528},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Der Morbus Fabry ist eine X-chromosomal rezessive, lysosomale Speicherkrankheit, die durch eine Mutation im α - Galactosidase A Gen verursacht wird. Dadurch werden unter anderem Bestandteile der Plasmamembran (Globotriaosylceramide) nicht mehr degradiert und sie akkumulieren intrazellul{\"a}r. Daraus resultiert, vom anf{\"a}nglichen Einzelzellsch{\"a}den, letzten Endes ein oftmals schwerer Organschaden mit Funktionsausf{\"a}llen. Die einzige kausale Therapie besteht in der Substituierung des betroffenen Enzyms. Der Morbus Fabry {\"a}ußert sich klinisch als eine Multisystemerkrankung mit haupts{\"a}chlich renaler, nervaler, sowie kardialer Beteiligung. Vor allem letztere ist maßgeblich f{\"u}r die verk{\"u}rzte Lebenserwartung verantwortlich. Die Patienten entwickeln mit Progression der Erkrankung h{\"a}ufig eine linksventrikul{\"a}re Hypertrophie, eine Herzinsuffizienz und durch die zunehmende Akkumulation der Globotriaosylceramide entsteht im Verlauf ein fibrotischer Umbau im Myokard. Dies ist m{\"o}glicherweise auch der Entstehungsort f{\"u}r maligne Rhythmusst{\"o}rungen. Wissenschaftlich erforscht ist, dass supraventikul{\"a}re sowie ventrikul{\"a}re Tachykardien bzw. Bradykardien bis hin zu Asystolie/Pausen bei diesen Patienten auftreten k{\"o}nnen. Ebenso weiß man, dass man mit Hilfe von so genannten Event Recordern, die kontinuierlich die elektrische Herzaktivit{\"a}t {\"u}berwachen und die Daten via Telemetrie an ein Zentrum senden, die Detektionsrate von Rhythmusst{\"o}rungen erh{\"o}hen kann. Aber ob solch ein Event Recorder auch bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Fabry - Kardiomyopathie einen Nutzen hat und sie bei diesen Patienten zur Detektion von malignen Rhythmusst{\"o}rungen beitragen ist bisher unklar und Thema dieser Studie. Insgesamt implantierte man 16 Patienten (12 M{\"a}nner / 4 Frauen), mit einem gesicherten Morbus Fabry, einen Event Recorder. Sie erhielten 7,4 ± 4,5 Jahren die Enzymersatztherapie, wurden {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 0,3 - 2 Jahren beobachtet und {\"u}bertrugen ihre Daten durchschnittlich 14 ± 11 mal pro Monat. Dabei konnten insgesamt 8547 klinisch relevante {\"U}bertragungen aufgezeichnet werden, die entsprechend der Studieneinteilung in Asystolie, Bradykardie, Vorhofflimmern, und ventrikul{\"a}re Tachykardie eingeteilt worden sind. Asystolie Episoden, mit elektrischen Pausen von 3,3 bis 4,4 Sekunden, wurden insgesamt 66-mal bei 4 Patienten mit dem Event Recorder aufgezeichnet. {\"U}ber 8000 Bradykardien konnten bei 6 M{\"a}nnern und 1 Frau dokumentiert werden, darunter ein AV-Block II° Typ Mobitz mit ei ner 2:1 {\"U}berleitung. Fast 370-mal konnte ein intermittierendes Vorhofflimmern bzw. Vorhofflattern, mit Flimmerzeiten von 10 Sekunden bis maximal 86400 Sekunden, dargestellt werden. Bei insgesamt 5 Patienten konnten 10 ventrikul{\"a}re Tachykardie - Episoden, mit einer maximalen Herzfrequenz 206 Schl{\"a}gen / min, durch den Event Recorder aufgezeichnet werden. So konnten selbst bei dieser kleinen Kohorte, mit dem Event Recorder, viele klinisch relevante Herzrhythmusst{\"o}rungen detektiert werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Daten sprach man im Verlauf bei den entsprechenden Patienten eine Empfehlung zur Therapie{\"a}nderungen aus um klinische Komplikationen zu verhindern. Dies f{\"u}hrte letzten Endes zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass der Einsatz von Event Recordern sicherlich ein sehr n{\"u}tzliches diagnostisches Instrument zur Detektion von malignen Rhythmusst{\"o}rungen bei Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Fabry-Kardiomyopathie ist. Es sollte nun weiter gepr{\"u}ft werden, ob der Event Recorder bereits in fr{\"u}heren Stadien des Morbus Fabry zum Einsatz kommen sollte.},
  subject      = {Fabry Kardiomyopathie},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{WernerHayakawaAriasLozaetal.2017,
  author    = {Werner, Rudolf and Hayakawa, Nobuyuki and Arias-Loza, Paula-Anah and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Shinaji, Tetsuya and Lapa, Constantin and Pelzer, Theo and Higuchi, Takahiro},
  title     = {Bildgebung der fr{\"u}hen linksventrikul{\"a}ren Dysfunktion mit ECG-gated F-18-FDG PET in einem Diabetes-Ratten-Modell},
  series = {Nuklearmedizin},
  volume    = {56},
  booktitle = {Nuklearmedizin},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schattauer Verlag},
  issn      = {0029-5566},
  doi       = {10.3413/Nukmed-0880-17-02},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161396},
  pages     = {Abstract Nr.: V119},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Einleitung: Die linksventrikul{\"a}re diastolische Dysfunktion (LVDD) ist bei Diabetikern noch vor Entwicklung einer klinisch apparenten Herzinsuffizienz eines der ersten Anzeichen einer kardialen Beteiligung. Daher soll in dieser Studie untersucht werden, ob die LVDD mit ECG-gated F-18-FDG PET in einem Diabetes-Rattenmodell dargestellt werden kann. Methodik: Es wurden F-18-FDG PET Scans in einem Typ-2-Diabetes Rattenmodell (ZDF fa/fa, n=6) und in ZL Kontrollen (n=6) vorgenommen (Alter, jeweils 13 Wochen). Unter Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp-Technik wurden 37 MBq 18F-FDG {\"u}ber die Schwanzvene appliziert. 15-35 Minuten nach Tracergabe wurden mittels eines Kleintier-PET-Scanners sowie unter EKG-Ableitung PET Scans angefertigt (16 frames/cardiac cycle). Die linksventrikul{\"a}re Ejektionsfraktion (EF) und die Peak F{\"u}llrate (PFR) wurden mittels einer geeigneten Software (Heart Function View) gemessen, wobei die Software an die Gr{\"o}ße des Rattenherzes angepasst wurde. Ergebnisse: Im Alter von 13 Wochen entwickeln ZDF Diabetes-Ratten eine im Vergleich zu Kontrolltieren eine signifikante myokardiale Hypertrophie, best{\"a}tigt durch post-mortem Analyse des Herzgewichtes (994±78mg vs. 871±44mg in ZDF Diabetes-Ratten vs. ZL Kontrollen, p<0.01). ECG-gated PET zeigte eine signifikante Abnahme der LV diastolischen PFR (10.4±0.5 vs. 11.8±0.4 EDV/sec in ZDF Diabetes-Ratten vs. ZL Kontrollen, p<0.001), jedoch zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen LVEF und der Herzfrequenz in den untersuchten ZDF Diabetes-Ratten und Kontrollen (LVEF: 60.0±4.5 vs. 63.7±4.1\%, n.s. und HR: 305±25 vs. 323±24 bpm, n.s.). Schlussfolgerung: Im Diabetes-Ratten-Modell kann unter Verwendung eines ECG-gated FDG-PET Protokolls die diastolische Dysfunktion als Parameter der fr{\"u}hen diabetischen Kardiomyopathie nachgewiesen werden.},
  subject      = {Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Michelmann2017,
  author    = {Michelmann, David Paul},
  title     = {In vitro und in vivo Evaluation von Iodmetomidat-Carbons{\"a}ureamid-Derivaten f{\"u}r die Diagnostik und Therapie von Nebennierenkarzinomen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154280},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die Erkrankung an einem Nebennierenkarzinom ist bis heute trotz der vielf{\"a}ltigen Therapieans{\"a}tze mit einer sehr schlechten Prognose verbunden. Die Entwicklung von [131I]Iodmetomidat und dessen Anwendung bei Patienten im metastasierten Tumorstadium zeigte großes therapeutisches Potenzial. Aufgrund des enzymatischen Abbaus ist die Verweildauer und effektive Dosis im Tumorgewebe jedoch reduziert, sodass in dieser Arbeit nach einer metabolisch stabileren Substanz bei hoher Affinit{\"a}t zum Zielgewebe und gleichzeitig reduzierter Hintergrundaktivit{\"a}t gesucht wurde. Es wurden mehr als 80 IMTO-Derivate synthetisiert und anschließend deren metabolische Stabilit{\"a}t nach Inkubation mit hepatischen Esterasen mittels Radio-HPLC analysiert. F{\"u}r die Substanzen [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid und [125I]IMTO-Ethylmethylamid wurden aufgrund ihrer mit [125I]Iodmetomidat vergleichbaren chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften beziehungsweise ihrer besseren metabolischen Stabilit{\"a}t in vitro-Zellversuche zur Evaluation der Aufnahme der Substanzen in NCI H295-Zellen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Hierbei ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied bez{\"u}glich einer Aufnahme von [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid. [125I]IMTO-Ethylmethylamid wurde signifikant schlechter aufgenommen. Ein Uptake-Versuch mit [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid unter zeitgleicher Inkubation mit nicht-radioaktiv markiertem Etomidat ergab Hinweise auf einen kompetitiven Aufnahmemechanismus analog der Referenzsubstanz [125I]Iodmetomidat. Mittels Mitochondrien-Isolationsversuchen festigten sich Hinweise auf eine dem [125I]Iodmetomidat {\"a}hnliche Aufnahme der Substanz [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid in mitochondriale Strukturen der NCI H295-Zellen. Zur Evaluation des Verhaltens der Substanzen [125I] Iodmetomidat, [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid und [125I]IMTO-Ethylmethylamid wurden in vivo-Versuche an m{\"a}nnlichen CD1-M{\"a}usen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Hierbei ergaben sich nach intraven{\"o}ser Injektion und Messung der relativen Organdosen nach definierten Zeitintervallen deutlich h{\"o}here und l{\"a}ngere Anreicherungen der Substanz [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid im Nebennierengewebe bei gleichzeitig sowohl initial als auch im Verlauf deutlich reduzierter Restorgandosis im Vergleich zur Referenz. Eine extern durchgef{\"u}hrte Toxizit{\"a}tsstudie ergab Hinweise auf dosisabh{\"a}ngige klinische Effekte, welche im Vergleich zu Etomidat jedoch deutlich geringer ausfielen. Insgesamt gab es weder Hinweise auf eine erh{\"o}hte Mortalit{\"a}t oder einen h{\"a}matologischen Effekt noch auf biochemische oder pathologische Ver{\"a}nderungen nach Applikation der Substanz IMTO-Azetidinylamid. Ein in Auftrag gegebener Ames-Test ergab keinen Hinweis auf eine m{\"o}gliche Mutagenit{\"a}t der Substanz. Die nach Abschluss des experimentellen Teils dieser Arbeit durch die Arbeitsgruppe um Prof. Dr. Stefanie Hahner und Dr. Andreas Schirbel durchgef{\"u}hrte Anwendung der Substanz [123/131I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid erbrachte vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Im Vergleich zu [125I]Iodmetomidat zeigte [125I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid aufgrund seiner hochspezifischen Aufnahme in das Zielgewebe ein deutlich besseres Profil bez{\"u}glich eines diagnostischen und therapeutischen Einsatzes. Das Iodmetomidat-Carbons{\"a}ureamid [123/131I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid ist ein vielversprechender, im Vergleich zu [123/131I]IMTO metabolisch stabilerer Radiotracer zur Diagnostik adrenaler L{\"a}sionen und k{\"o}nnte bei gleichzeitig reduzierten radiotoxischen Nebenwirkungen zur Verbesserung der Therapie adrenaler Karzinome beitragen. Bez{\"u}glich einer generellen Empfehlung der Anwendung von [123/131I]IMTO-Azetidinylamid in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Nebennierenkarzinomen sollten zun{\"a}chst weitere Untersuchungen durchgef{\"u}hrt werden.},
  subject      = {Nebennierenrindenkarzinom},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{DiekhoefergenanntLuthe2017,
  author    = {Diekh{\"o}fer genannt Luthe, Andreas Nikolaus Raphael},
  title     = {Eine nationale Querschnittstudie zum Effekt physischer Aktivit{\"a}t auf kardiovaskul{\"a}re Risikofaktoren und Komorbidit{\"a}ten bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153016},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Auspr{\"a}gung physischer Aktivit{\"a}t und der Pr{\"a}valenz kardiovaskul{\"a}rer Risikofaktoren und Komorbidit{\"a}ten bei Patienten mit milder bis moderater chronischer Niereninsuffizienz (CKD). Ziel ist die Identifikation kardiovaskul{\"a}rer Risikofaktoren und Komorbidit{\"a}ten, die durch physische Aktivit{\"a}t bei diesem Patientenkollektiv positiv beeinflusst werden k{\"o}nnen. Grundlagen: Es besteht eine deutlich gesteigerte kardiovaskul{\"a}re Morbidit{\"a}t und Mortalit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Patienten mit CKD. Diese versterben h{\"a}ufig bereits aufgrund kardiovaskul{\"a}rer Ereignisse bevor sie das Stadium des ESRD erreichen. Besonders den "traditionellen" kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikofaktoren, deren Pr{\"a}valenz bei CKD deutlich gesteigert ist, kommt im Zusammenhang zwischen CKD und CVD eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden unter den "traditionellen" Risikofaktoren diejenigen zusammengefasst, deren Gesamtheit das metabolische Syndrom definiert. Es gilt als belegt, dass physische Aktivit{\"a}t bei gesunden Personen einen pr{\"a}ventiven Einfluss auf diese "traditionellen" Risikofaktoren einer CVD besitzt. In wieweit dies auf CKD Patienten mit ihrer vielf{\"a}ltigen weiteren kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikofaktoren {\"u}bertragen werden darf und welchen Einfluss physische Aktivit{\"a}t hier haben kann, ist ungewiss. Es besteht allerdings Evidenz f{\"u}r eine deutliche Reduktion der physischen Aktivit{\"a}t bei Vorliegen einer milden bis moderaten CKD. Methodik: Die prospektive klinisch-experimentelle Pedometerstudie stellt die erste objektiv erhobene Datensammlungen physischer Aktivit{\"a}t dieser Gr{\"o}ße von Patienten mit CKD im Stadium 3 dar. Die 1153 eingeschlossenen Probanden wurden bundesweit aus der multizentrischen GCKD-Studie rekrutiert. Die Schrittzahlerfassung wurde {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 13 konsekutiven Tagen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung standardisiert erhobener Laborwerte und Frageb{\"o}gen wurde die Assoziation physischer Aktivit{\"a}t mit kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikofaktoren und Komorbidit{\"a}ten ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Die physische Aktivit{\"a}t der chronisch nierenerkrankten Studienpopulation erweist sich objektiv gemessen als deutlich eingeschr{\"a}nkt. Mit sinkendem Aktivit{\"a}tsniveau geht eine gesteigerte kardiovaskul{\"a}re Morbidit{\"a}t einher. F{\"u}r die Faktoren HbA1c, Alter und WHR ist eine inverse Korrelation zur Schrittzahl gegeben. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die mittlere Schrittzahl von Probanden, die an den kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Komorbidit{\"a}ten pAVK, KHK, Herzinsuffizienz und Schlaganfall leiden oder die Risikofaktoren Diabetes mellitus und Adipositas aufweisen, hochsignifikant geringer ist als diejenige Schrittzahl von Probanden, die diese Faktoren nicht aufweisen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die durchgef{\"u}hrte Regressionsanalyse, dass auch nach Adjustierung f{\"u}r Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungsstatus und Anstellung mit einer h{\"o}heren Schrittzahl ein signifikant gemindertes Risiko bez{\"u}glich des Vorliegens der Variablen pAVK, KHK, Herzinsuffizienz, Diabetes mellitus, Adipositas und Rauchen gegeben ist als in einer weniger aktiven Vergleichsgruppe mit der gleichen Nierenfunktionseinschr{\"a}nkung. Bez{\"u}glich der kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikofaktoren ist somit festzustellen, dass vor allem die Risikofaktoren Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus eine Beeinflussbarkeit aufgrund des Faktors physische Aktivit{\"a}t zeigen. Fazit: Eine reduzierte physische Aktivit{\"a}t ist auch bei Patienten mit CKD mit einem h{\"o}heren kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risiko verbunden. Bei Patienten mit CKD k{\"o}nnen durch physische Aktivit{\"a}t vor allem die kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikofaktoren Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus positiv beeinflusst werden. Die krankheitsbedingt deutlich beeinflussten Risikofaktoren arterielle Hypertonie und Dyslipid{\"a}mie unterliegen bei dieser Studienpopulation hingegen keinem messbaren positiven Effekt physischer Aktivit{\"a}t. Daher sollte insbesondere Patienten mit chronischem Nierenleiden, die zudem an einer Adipositas und oder einem Diabetes mellitus leiden, zu physischer Aktivit{\"a}t geraten werden.},
  subject      = {Schrittz{\"a}hler},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LapaAriasLozaHayakawaetal.2017,
  author    = {Lapa, Constantin and Arias-Loza, Paula and Hayakawa, Nobuyuki and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Werner, Rudolf A. and Chen, Xinyu and Shinaji, Tetsuya and Herrmann, Ken and Pelzer, Theo and Higuchi, Takahiro},
  title     = {Whitening and impaired glucose utilization of brown adipose tissue in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-017-17148-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159066},
  pages     = {16795},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an attractive therapeutic target to combat diabetes and obesity due to its ability to increase glucose expenditure. In a genetic rat model (ZDF fa/fa) of type-2 diabetes and obesity, we aimed to investigate glucose utilization of BAT by \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging. Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Male Zucker lean (ZL) control rats were studied at 13 weeks. Three weeks prior to imaging, ZDF rats were randomized into a no-restriction (ZDF-ND) and a mild calorie restriction (ZDF-CR) group. Dynamic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET using a dedicated small animal PET system was performed under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET identified intense inter-scapular BAT glucose uptake in all ZL control rats, while no focally increased \(^{18}\)F-FDG uptake was detected in all ZDF-ND rats. Mild but significant improved BAT tracer uptake was identified after calorie restriction in diabetic rats (ZDF-CR). The weight of BAT tissue and fat deposits were significantly increased in ZDF-CR and ZDF-ND rats as compared to ZL controls, while UCP-1 and mitochondrial concentrations were significantly decreased. Whitening and severely impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in BAT was confirmed in a rat model of type-2 diabetes. Additionally, calorie restriction partially restored the impaired BAT glucose uptake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WernerWakabayashiJahnsetal.2017,
  author    = {Werner, Rudolf and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Jahns, Roland and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman and Jahns, Valerie and Higuchi, Takahiro},
  title     = {PET-Guided Histological Characterization of Myocardial Infiltrating Cells in a Rat Model of Myocarditis},
  series = {European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging},
  volume    = {18},
  booktitle = {European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging},
  number    = {Supplement},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  issn      = {2047-2404},
  doi       = {10.1093/ehjci/jex071},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161127},
  pages     = {i1-i3},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Myokarditis},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WernerHiguchiMueggeetal.2017,
  author    = {Werner, Rudolf and Higuchi, Takahiro and Muegge, Dirk and Javadi, Mehrbod S. and M{\"a}rkl, Bruno and Aulmann, Christoph and Buck, Andreas K. and Fassnacht, Martin and Lapa, Constantin and Kreissl, Michael C.},
  title     = {Predictive value of FDG-PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer undergoing vandetanib treatment},
  series = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine},
  volume    = {58},
  booktitle = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine},
  number    = {no. supplement 1},
  issn      = {0161-5505},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161147},
  pages     = {169},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Introduction: The prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is poor using common chemotherapeutic approaches. However, during the last years encouraging results of recently introduced tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as vandetanib have been published. In this study we aimed to correlate the results of \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with treatment outcome. Methods: Eighteen patients after thyroidectomy with recurrent/advanced MTC lesions receiving vandetanib (300 mg orally/day) could be analysed. A baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET prior to and a follow-up \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET 3 months after TKI initiation were performed. During follow-up, tumor progression was assessed every 3 months including computed tomography according to RECIST. Progression-free survival (PFS) was correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value of \(^{18}\)F-FDG in lymph nodes (SUV(LN)max) or visceral metastases (SUV(MTS)max) as well as with clinical parameters using ROC analysis. Results: Within median 3.6 years of follow-up, 9 patients showed disease progression at median 8.5 months after TKI initiation. An elevated glucose consumption assessed by baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET (SUV(LN)max > 7.25) could predict a shorter PFS (2 y) with an accuracy of 76.5\% (SUV(LN)max <7.25, 4.3 y; p=0.03). Accordingly, preserved tumor metabolism in the follow-up PET (SUV(MTS)max >2.7) also demonstrated an unfavorable prognosis (accuracy, 85.7\%). On the other hand, none of the clinical parameters reached significance in response prediction. Conclusions: In patients with advanced and progressive MTC, tumors with higher metabolic activity at baseline are more aggressive and more prone to progression as reflected by a shorter PFS; they should be monitored more closely. Preserved glucose consumption 3 months after treatment initiation was also related to poorer prognosis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LapaKircherSchirbeletal.2017,
  author    = {Lapa, Constantin and Kircher, Stefan and Schirbel, Andreas and Rosenwald, Andreas and Kropf, Saskia and Pelzer, Theo and Walles, Thorsten and Buck, Andreas K. and Weber, Wolfgang A. and Wester, Hans-Juergen and Herrmann, Ken and L{\"u}ckerath, Katharina},
  title     = {Targeting CXCR4 with [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor: a suitable theranostic approach in pleural mesothelioma?},
  series = {Oncotarget},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Oncotarget},
  number    = {57},
  doi       = {10.18632/oncotarget.18235},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169989},
  pages     = {96732-96737},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer. This study investigated the feasibility of CXCR4-directed imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Six patients with pleural mesothelioma underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT. 2′-[\(^{18}\)F]fluoro-2′-deoxy-D-glucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG)-PET/CT (4/6 patients) and immunohistochemistry obtained from biopsy or surgery (all) served as standards of reference. Additionally, 9 surgical mesothelioma samples were available for histological work-up. Whereas [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET depicted active lesions in all patients, [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT recorded physiologic tracer distribution and none of the 6 patients presented [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-positive lesions. This finding paralleled results of immunohistochemistry which also could not identify relevant CXCR4 surface expression in the samples analyzed. In contrast to past reports, our data suggest widely absence of CXCR4 expression in pleural mesothelioma. Hence, robust cell surface expression should be confirmed prior to targeting this chemokine receptor for diagnosis and/or therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltieriSbieraDellaCasaetal.2017,
  author    = {Altieri, Barbara and Sbiera, Silviu and Della Casa, Silvia and Weigand, Isabel and Wild, Vanessa and Steinhauer, Sonja and Fadda, Guido and Kocot, Arkadius and Bekteshi, Michaela and Mambretti, Egle M. and Rosenwald, Andreas and Pontecorvi, Alfredo and Fassnacht, Martin and Ronchi, Cristina L.},
  title     = {Livin/BIRC7 expression as malignancy marker in adrenocortical tumors},
  series = {Oncotarget},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Oncotarget},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.18632/oncotarget.14067},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171887},
  pages     = {9323-9338},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Livin/BIRC7 is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins family, which are involved in tumor development through the inhibition of caspases. Aim was to investigate the expression of livin and other members of its pathway in adrenocortical tumors and in the adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) cell line NCI-H295R. The mRNA expression of livin, its isoforms α and β, XIAP, CASP3 and DIABLO was evaluated by qRT-PCR in 82 fresh-frozen adrenal tissues (34 ACC, 25 adenomas = ACA, 23 normal adrenal glands = NAG). Livin protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 270 paraffin-embedded tissues (192 ACC, 58 ACA, 20 NAG). Livin, CASP3 and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated in NCI-H295R after induction of livin overexpression. Relative livin mRNA expression was significantly higher in ACC than in ACA and NAG (0.060 ± 0.116 vs 0.004 ± 0.014 and 0.002 ± 0.009, respectively, p < 0.01), being consistently higher in tumors than in adjacent NAG and isoform β more expressed than α. No significant differences in CASP3, XIAP and DIABLO levels were found among these groups. In immunohistochemistry, livin was localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei. The ratio between cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was significantly higher in ACC (1.51 ± 0.66) than in ACA (0.80 ± 0.35) and NAG (0.88 ± 0.27; p < 0.0001). No significant correlations were observed between livin expression and histopathological parameters or clinical outcome. In NCI-H295R cells, the livin overexpression slightly reduced the activation of CASP3, but did not correlate with cell viability. In conclusion, livin is specifically over-expressed in ACC, suggesting that it might be involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis and represent a new molecular marker of malignancy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gabor2017,
  author    = {Gabor, Sabine},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}klinische Evaluation von Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitoren als PET-Tracer f{\"u}r die Differentialdiagnostik des prim{\"a}ren Hyperaldosteronismus mit besonderem Fokus auf Cyanofluorphenylpyridinen und deren Derivate},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137096},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich festhalten, dass in dieser Arbeit 15 neu entwickelte Substanzen zur selektiven und hochaffinen Blockade der Aldosteronsynthase untersucht werden konnten. Es wurden mehrere neue aufeinander aufbauende Testsysteme etabliert, um die neuen Substanzen auf ihre Selektivit{\"a}t und Affinit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber der Aldosteronsynthase zu untersuchen. Eine Testung der Inhibition der humanen Aldosteronsynthase und der 11β-Hydroxylase zuerst in getrennten Zellkulturans{\"a}tzen, die die humanen Enzyme stabil exprimieren, und anschließend in der NCI-h295 Zelllinie, die beide Enzyme und zus{\"a}tzlich die meisten anderen Enzyme der Steroidbiosynthese stabil exprimieren, ist eine gute Voraussetzung, um selektive und hochaffine Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitoren zu finden. Hier konnten sechs Inhibitoren ausgew{\"a}hlt werden, die hochaffin und selektiv an die Aldosteronsynthase binden und diese inhibieren. Die weitere Testung der [18F] markierten Substanzen zeigte f{\"u}r eine Substanz eine hochaffine und selektive Bindung an humanes adrenales Gewebe und keine unspezifische Bindung an andere humane Gewebe. Hier liegt die Voraussetzung vor, den Tracer weiteren in vivo Studien zuzuf{\"u}hren, um am humanisierten Mausmodell zu untersuchen, ob eine Bindung in vivo entsprechend den vielversprechenden Ergebnissen in vitro abl{\"a}uft. Auch die ex vivo Studie an Nebennieren einer gegen{\"u}ber der CYP11B2 humanisierten Maus bekr{\"a}ftigte diese Ergebnisse. Mit Hilfe dieser Untersuchungsmethoden lassen sich in Zukunft noch weiter entwickelte Substanzen umfangreich auf ihre Selektivit{\"a}t, Spezifit{\"a}t und Affinit{\"a}t testen. Dies dient als Grundlage f{\"u}r weitere Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung eines PET-Tracers f{\"u}r die Differentialdiagnostik bei prim{\"a}rem Hyperaldosteronismus. Eine Erkrankung, die h{\"a}ufiger ist als vermutet, und bei der die Differentialdiagnostik die entscheidende Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Einleitung einer Therapie ist, die sich entweder operativ oder medikament{\"o}s darstellt. Bisherige differentialdiagnostische Vorgehensweisen beim prim{\"a}ren Hyperaldosteronismus bieten aktuell keine zufriedenstellenden Ergebnisse; dies kann sich mit der Einf{\"u}hrung eines neuen PET Tracers {\"a}ndern.},
  subject      = {Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitor},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MorbachWagnerGuentneretal.2017,
  author    = {Morbach, Caroline and Wagner, Martin and G{\"u}ntner, Stefan and Malsch, Carolin and Oezkur, Mehmet and Wood, David and Kotseva, Kornelia and Leyh, Rainer and Ertl, Georg and Karmann, Wolfgang and Heuschmann, Peter U and St{\"o}rk, Stefan},
  title     = {Heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease: Prevalence, characteristics and guideline implementation - Results from the German EuroAspire IV cohort},
  series = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  number    = {108},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12872-017-0543-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157738},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Adherence to pharmacotherapeutic treatment guidelines in patients with heart failure (HF) is of major prognostic importance, but thorough implementation of guidelines in routine care remains insufficient. Our aim was to investigate prevalence and characteristics of HF in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to assess the adherence to current HF guidelines in patients with HF stage C, thus identifying potential targets for the optimization of guideline implementation. Methods: Patients from the German sample of the European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events (EuroAspire) IV survey with a hospitalization for CHD within the previous six to 36 months providing valid data on echocardiography as well as on signs and symptoms of HF were categorized into stages of HF: A, prevalence of risk factors for developing HF; B, asymptomatic but with structural heart disease; C, symptomatic HF. A Guideline Adherence Indicator (GAI-3) was calculated for patients with reduced (≤40\%) left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) as number of drugs taken per number of drugs indicated; beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) were considered. Results: 509/536 patients entered analysis. HF stage A was prevalent in n = 20 (3.9\%), stage B in n = 264 (51.9\%), and stage C in n = 225 (44.2\%) patients; 94/225 patients were diagnosed with HFrEF (42\%). Stage C patients were older, had a longer duration of CHD, and a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension. Awareness of pre-diagnosed HF was low (19\%). Overall GAI-3 of HFrEF patients was 96.4\% with a trend towards lower GAI-3 in patients with lower LVEF due to less thorough MRA prescription. Conclusions: In our sample of CHD patients, prevalence of HF stage C was high and a sizable subgroup suffered from HFrEF. Overall, pharmacotherapy was fairly well implemented in HFrEF patients, although somewhat worse in patients with more reduced ejection fraction. Two major targets were identified possibly suited to further improve the implementation of HF guidelines: 1) increase patients´ awareness of diagnosis and importance of HF; and 2) disseminate knowledge about the importance of appropriately implementing the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Trial registration: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a non-interventional study. Therefore, it was not registered as an interventional trial.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeigandRonchiRizkRabinetal.2017,
  author    = {Weigand, Isabel and Ronchi, Cristina L. and Rizk-Rabin, Marthe and Dalmazi, Guido Di and Wild, Vanessa and Bathon, Kerstin and Rubin, Beatrice and Calebiro, Davide and Beuschlein, Felix and Bertherat, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Fassnacht, Martin and Sbiera, Silviu},
  title     = {Differential expression of the protein kinase A subunits in normal adrenal glands and adrenocortical adenomas},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {49},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-017-00125-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157952},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Somatic mutations in protein kinase A catalytic α subunit (PRKACA) were found to be causative for 30-40\% of cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) of the adrenal gland, rendering PKA signalling constitutively active. In its resting state, PKA is a stable and inactive heterotetramer, consisting of two catalytic and two regulatory subunits with the latter inhibiting PKA activity. The human genome encodes three different PKA catalytic subunits and four different regulatory subunits that are preferentially expressed in different organs. In normal adrenal glands all regulatory subunits are expressed, while CPA exhibit reduced protein levels of the regulatory subunit IIβ. In this study, we linked for the first time the loss of RIIβ protein levels to the PRKACA mutation status and found the down-regulation of RIIβ to arise post-transcriptionally. We further found the PKA subunit expression pattern of different tumours is also present in the zones of the normal adrenal cortex and demonstrate that the different PKA subunits have a differential expression pattern in each zone of the normal adrenal gland, indicating potential specific roles of these subunits in the regulation of different hormones secretion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RotheBrandenburgHaunetal.2017,
  author    = {Rothe, Hansj{\"o}rg and Brandenburg, Vincent and Haun, Margot and Kollerits, Barbara and Kronenberg, Florian and Ketteler, Markus and Wanner, Christoph},
  title     = {Ecto-5 ' -Nucleotidase CD73 (NT5E), vitamin D receptor and FGF23 gene polymorphisms may play a role in the development of calcific uremic arteriolopathy in dialysis patients - Data from the German Calciphylaxis Registry},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0172407},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171817},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Calciphylaxis/calcific uremic arteriolopathy affects mainly end-stage kidney disease patients but is also associated with malignant disorders such as myeloma, melanoma and breast cancer. Genetic risk factors of calciphylaxis have never been studied before. Methods: We investigated 10 target genes using a tagging SNP approach: the genes encoding CD73/ ecto-5'-nucleotidase (purinergic pathway), Matrix Gla protein, Fetuin A, Bone Gla protein, VKORC1 (all related to intrinsic calcification inhibition), calcium-sensing receptor, FGF23, Klotho, vitamin D receptor, stanniocalcin 1 (all related to CKD-MBD). 144 dialysis patients from the German calciphylaxis registry were compared with 370 dialysis patients without history of CUA. Genotyping was performed using iPLEX Gold MassARRAY(Sequenom, San Diego, USA), KASP genotyping chemistry (LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, UK) or sequencing. Statistical analysis comprised logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex. Results: 165 SNPs were finally analyzed and 6 SNPs were associated with higher probability for calciphylaxis (OR>1) in our cohort. Nine SNPs of three genes (CD73, FGF23 and Vitamin D receptor) reached nominal significance (p< 0.05), but did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple testing. Of the CD73 gene, rs4431401 (OR = 1.71, 95\%CI 1.08-2.17, p = 0.023) and rs9444348 (OR = 1.48, 95\% CI 1.11-1.97, p = 0.008) were associated with a higher probability for CUA. Of the FGF23 and VDR genes, rs7310492, rs11063118, rs13312747 and rs17882106 were associated with a higher probability for CUA. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in the genes encoding CD73, vitamin D receptor and FGF23 may play a role in calciphylaxis development. Although our study is the largest genetic study on calciphylaxis, it is limited by the low sample sizes. It therefore requires replication in other cohorts if available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GotschyBauerWinteretal.2017,
  author    = {Gotschy, Alexander and Bauer, Wolfgang R. and Winter, Patrick and Nordbeck, Peter and Rommel, Eberhard and Jakob, Peter M. and Herold, Volker},
  title     = {Local versus global aortic pulse wave velocity in early atherosclerosis: An animal study in ApoE\(^{-/-}\) mice using ultrahigh field MRI},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0171603},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171824},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Increased aortic stiffness is known to be associated with atherosclerosis and has a predictive value for cardiovascular events. This study aims to investigate the local distribution of early arterial stiffening due to initial atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, global and local pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured in ApoE\(^{-/-}\) and wild type (WT) mice using ultrahigh field MRI. For quantification of global aortic stiffness, a new multi-point transit-time (TT) method was implemented and validated to determine the global PWV in the murine aorta. Local aortic stiffness was measured by assessing the local PWV in the upper abdominal aorta, using the flow/area (QA) method. Significant differences between age matched ApoE\(^{-/-}\) and WT mice were determined for global and local PWV measurements (global PWV: ApoE\(^{-/-}\): 2.7 ±0.2m/s vs WT: 2.1±0.2m/s, P<0.03; local PWV: ApoE\(^{-/-}\): 2.9±0.2m/s vs WT: 2.2±0.2m/s, P<0.03). Within the WT mouse group, the global PWV correlated well with the local PWV in the upper abdominal aorta (R\(^2\) = 0.75, P<0.01), implying a widely uniform arterial elasticity. In ApoE\(^{-/-}\) animals, however, no significant correlation between individual local and global PWV was present (R\(^2\) = 0.07, P = 0.53), implying a heterogeneous distribution of vascular stiffening in early atherosclerosis. The assessment of global PWV using the new multi-point TT measurement technique was validated against a pressure wire measurement in a vessel phantom and showed excellent agreement. The experimental results demonstrate that vascular stiffening caused by early atherosclerosis is unequally distributed over the length of large vessels. This finding implies that assessing heterogeneity of arterial stiffness by multiple local measurements of PWV might be more sensitive than global PWV to identify early atherosclerotic lesions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZopfFreyKienitzetal.2017,
  author    = {Zopf, Kathrin and Frey, Kathrin R. and Kienitz, Tina and Ventz, Manfred and Bauer, Britta and Quinkler, Marcus},
  title     = {\(Bcl\)I polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor and adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency},
  series = {Endocrine Connections},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Endocrine Connections},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1530/EC-17-0269},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173276},
  pages     = {685-691},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Context: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Objectives: To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I in patients with PAI and CAH. Design and patients: This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented. Results: The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (n=29), CG (n=34) and GG (n=9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (1.5±1.4/pat year), CG (1.2±1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6±2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)). Conclusions: Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WagnerWannerSchichetal.2017,
  author    = {Wagner, Martin and Wanner, Christoph and Schich, Martin and Kotseva, Kornelia and Wood, David and Hartmann, Katrin and Fette, Georg and R{\"u}cker, Viktoria and Oezkur, Mehmet and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Heuschmann, Peter U.},
  title     = {Patient's and physician's awareness of kidney disease in coronary heart disease patients - a cross-sectional analysis of the German subset of the EUROASPIRE IV survey},
  series = {BMC Nephrology},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {BMC Nephrology},
  number    = {321},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12882-017-0730-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158387},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbid condition in coronary heart disease (CHD). CKD predisposes the patient to acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization. Data on awareness of kidney dysfunction among CHD patients and their treating physicians are lacking. In the current cross-sectional analysis of the German EUROASPIRE IV sample we aimed to investigate the physician's awareness of kidney disease of patients hospitalized for CHD and also the patient's awareness of CKD in a study visit following hospital discharge. Methods All serum creatinine (SCr) values measured during the hospital stay were used to describe impaired kidney function (eGFR\(_{CKD-EPI}\) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) at admission, discharge and episodes of AKI (KDIGO definition). Information extracted from hospital discharge letters and correct ICD coding for kidney disease was studied as a surrogate of physician's awareness of kidney disease. All patients were interrogated 0.5 to 3 years after hospital discharge, whether they had ever been told about kidney disease by a physician. Results Of the 536 patients, 32\% had evidence for acute or chronic kidney disease during the index hospital stay. Either condition was mentioned in the discharge letter in 22\%, and 72\% were correctly coded according to ICD-10. At the study visit in the outpatient setting 35\% had impaired kidney function. Of 158 patients with kidney disease, 54 (34\%) were aware of CKD. Determinants of patient's awareness were severity of CKD (OR\(_{eGFR}\) 0.94; 95\%CI 0.92-0.96), obesity (OR 1.97; 1.07-3.64), history of heart failure (OR 1.99; 1.00-3.97), and mentioning of kidney disease in the index event's hospital discharge letter (OR 5.51; 2.35-12.9). Conclusions Although CKD is frequent in CHD, only one third of patients is aware of this condition. Patient's awareness was associated with kidney disease being mentioned in the hospital discharge letter. Future studies should examine how raising physician's awareness for kidney dysfunction may improve patient's awareness of CKD.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EiseleBoczorRakebrandtetal.2017,
  author    = {Eisele, Marion and Boczor, Sigrid and Rakebrandt, Anja and Blozik, Eva and Trader, Jens-Martin and Stork, Stefan and Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph and Scherer, Martin},
  title     = {General practitioners' awareness of depressive symptomatology is not associated with quality of life in heart failure patients - cross-sectional results of the observational RECODE-HF Study},
  series = {BMC Family Practice},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {BMC Family Practice},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12875-017-0670-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172445},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and linked to a wider range of symptoms which, in turn, are linked to a decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Treatment of depression might improve HRQOL but detecting depression is difficult due to the symptom overlap between HF and depression. Therefore, clinical guidelines recommend to routinely screen for depression in HF patients. No studies have so far investigated the treatment after getting aware of a depressive symptomatology and its correlation with HRQOL in primary care HF patients. Therefore, we examined the factors linked to depression treatment and those linked to HRQOL in HF patients. We hypothesized that GPs' awareness of depressive symptomatology was associated with depression treatment and HRQOL in HF patients. Methods For this observational study, HF patients were recruited in primary care practices and filled out a questionnaire including PHQ-9 and HADS. A total of 574 patients screened positive for depressive symptomatology. Their GPs were interviewed by phone regarding the patients' comorbidities and potential depression treatment. Descriptive and regression analysis were performed. Results GPs reported various types of depression treatments (including dialogue/counselling by the GP him/herself in 31.8\% of the patients). The reported rates differed considerably between GP-reported initiated treatment and patient-reported utilised treatment regarding psychotherapy (16.4\% vs. 9.5\%) and pharmacotherapy (61.2\% vs. 30.3\%). The GPs' awareness of depressive symptomatology was significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving pharmacotherapy (OR 2.8; p < 0.001) but not psychotherapy. The patient's HRQOL was not significantly associated with the GPs' awareness of depression. Conclusion GPs should be aware of the gap between GP-initiated and patient-utilised depression treatments in patients with chronic HF, which might lead to an undersupply of depression treatment. It remains to be investigated why GPs' awareness of depressive symptomatology is not linked to patients' HRQOL. We hypothesize that GPs are aware of cases with reduced HRQOL (which improves under depression treatment) and unaware of cases whose depression do not significantly impair HRQOL, resulting in comparable levels of HRQOL in both groups. This hypothesis needs to be further investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Langer2017,
  author    = {Langer, Simon},
  title     = {Herz-Hirn Interaktion im Mausmodell: Herzinsuffizienz nach Myokardinfarkt f{\"u}hrt zu depressivem Verhalten bei M{\"a}usen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154733},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Herzinsuffizienz, Depression und Angstst{\"o}rungen treten geh{\"a}uft gemeinsam auf und beeinflussen teilweise gegenseitig ihre Prognose. Die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen diesen Erkrankungen sind bislang nicht aufgekl{\"a}rt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit f{\"u}hrte isch{\"a}mische Herzinsuffizienz im Mausmodell zu Depressions-{\"a}hnlichem Verhalten innerhalb von 8 Wochen nach Infarktinduktion. Weiter zeigte sich eine Minderung der Ged{\"a}chtnisleistung. Angst-assoziiertes Verhalten ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Immunhistochemisch konnten keine Ver{\"a}nderungen in spezifischen Hirnarealen nachgewiesen werden. Molekulare Methoden legen Ver{\"a}nderungen des Serotoninstoffwechsels als m{\"o}gliche Erkl{\"a}rung nahe. Nach operativer Ligatur eines Herzkrankgef{\"a}ßes wurden C57/Bl6N M{\"a}use {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen beobachtet. In dieser Zeit wurden neben Herzultraschalluntersuchungen eine Reihe von Verhaltenstest durchgef{\"u}hrt, um depressive und {\"a}ngstliche Verhaltensstrukturen sowie die kognitive Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit beurteilen zu k{\"o}nnen. Nach Ablauf des Beobachtungszeitraumes wurden das Herz und das Gehirn entnommen und weiteren histologischen und molekularen Untersuchungen zugef{\"u}hrt. Die histologische Aufarbeitung des Herzens nach Ende des Versuchszeitraumes best{\"a}tigte die Beobachtungen anderen Autoren, dass eine Infarktgr{\"o}ße von mehr als 30\% mit sehr hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Entstehung einer Herzinsuffizienz f{\"u}hrt. Im der histologischen Aufarbeitung des Gehirns zeigen sich keine strukturellen Ver{\"a}nderungen bei herzkranken M{\"a}usen, die die beobachteten {\"A}nderungen im Verhalten begr{\"u}nden k{\"o}nnten. Insbesondere kann eine hypoxische Hirnsch{\"a}digung durch eine etwaige Minderperfusion empfindlicher Hirnareale ausgeschlossen werden. M{\"a}use, die nach Induktion eines Myokardinfarktes eine Herzinsuffizienz entwickeln, zeigen nach 8 Wochen Depressions-assoziiertes, adynamisches Verhalten sowie eine Verminderung der kognitiven Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit, nicht aber Anzeichen von Angstst{\"o}rungen. Diesen Verhaltens{\"a}nderungen kann kein strukturelles Korrelat im Gehirn zugewiesen werden. Dies ist ein Indiz daf{\"u}r, dass sich Ver{\"a}nderung auf molekularer Ebene vollziehen, welche sich dem Mikroskop entziehen. Die im Myokard beobachtete Regulation des Serotoninstoffwechsels ist ein m{\"o}glicher Erkl{\"a}rungsansatz hierf{\"u}r.},
  subject      = {Deutsches Zentrum f{\"u}r Herzinsuffizienz W{\"u}rzburg},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TiffeWagnerRueckeretal.2017,
  author    = {Tiffe, Theresa and Wagner, Martin and R{\"u}cker, Viktoria and Morbach, Caroline and Gelbrich, G{\"o}tz and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Heuschmann, Peter U.},
  title     = {Control of cardiovascular risk factors and its determinants in the general population - findings from the STAAB cohort study},
  series = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  number    = {276},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12872-017-0708-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159391},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: While data from primary care suggest an insufficient control of vascular risk factors, little is known about vascular risk factor control in the general population. We therefore aimed to investigate the adoption of adequate risk factor control and its determinants in the general population free of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Data from the Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression (STAAB) Cohort Study, a population-based study of inhabitants aged 30 to 79 years from the general population of W{\"u}rzburg (Germany), were used. Proportions of participants without established CVD meeting targets for risk factor control recommended by 2016 ESC guideline were identified. Determinants of the accumulation of insufficiently controlled vascular risk factors (three or more) were assessed. Results: Between December 2013 and April 2015, 1379 participants without CVD were included; mean age was 53.1 ± 11.9 years and 52.9\% were female; 30.8\% were physically inactive, 55.2\% overweight, 19.3\% current smokers. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were prevalent in 31.8\%, 57.6\%, and 3.9\%, respectively. Treatment goals were not reached despite medication in 52.7\% of hypertensive, in 37.3\% of hyperlipidemic and in 44.0\% of diabetic subjects. Insufficiently controlled risk was associated with male sex (OR 1.94, 95\%CI 1.44-2.61), higher age (OR for 30-39 years vs. 70-79 years 4.01, 95\%CI 1.94-8.31) and lower level of education (OR for primary vs. tertiary 2.15, 95\%CI 1.48-3.11). Conclusions: In the general population, prevalence of vascular risk factors was high. We found insufficient identification and control of vascular risk factors and a considerable potential to improve adherence to cardiovascular guidelines for primary prevention. Further studies are needed to identify and overcome patient- and physician-related barriers impeding successful control of vascular risk factors in the general population.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoepingShehataDielerCebullaetal.2017,
  author    = {K{\"o}ping, Maria and Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa and Cebulla, Mario and Rak, Kristen and Oder, Daniel and M{\"u}ntze, Jonas and Nordbeck, Peter and Wanner, Christoph and Hagen, Rudolf and Schraven, Sebastian},
  title     = {Cardiac and renal dysfunction is associated with progressive hearing loss in patients with Fabry disease},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0188103},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169961},
  pages     = {e0188103},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked recessive hereditary lysosomal storage disorder which results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramid (Gb3) in tissues of kidney and heart as well as central and peripheral nervous system. Besides prominent renal and cardiac organ involvement, cochlear symptoms like high-frequency hearing loss and tinnitus are frequently found with yet no comprehensive data available in the literature. Objective To examine hearing loss in patients with FD depending on cardiac and renal function. Material and methods Single-center study with 68 FD patients enrolled between 2012 and 2016 at the Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery of the University of W{\"u}rzburg. Every subject underwent an oto-rhino-laryngological examination as well as behavioral, electrophysiological and electroacoustical audiological testing. High-frequency thresholds were evaluated by using a modified PTA\(_{6}\) (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8) and HF-PTA (6, 8 kHz). Renal function was measured by eGFR, cardiac impairment was graduated by NYHA class. Results Sensorineural hearing loss was detected in 58.8\% of the cohort, which occurred typically in sudden episodes and affected especially high frequencies. Hearing loss is asymmetric, beginning unilaterally and affecting the contralateral ear later. Tinnitus was reported by 41.2\%. Renal and cardiac impairment influenced the severity of hearing loss (p < 0.05). Conclusions High frequency hearing loss is a common problem in patients with FD. Although not life-threatening, it can seriously reduce quality of life and should be taken into account in diagnosis and therapy. Optimized extensive hearing assessment including higher frequency thresholds should be used.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LohseBockMaiellaroetal.2017,
  author    = {Lohse, Christian and Bock, Andreas and Maiellaro, Isabella and Hannawacker, Annette and Schad, Lothar R. and Lohse, Martin J. and Bauer, Wolfgang R.},
  title     = {Experimental and mathematical analysis of cAMP nanodomains},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0174856},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170972},
  pages     = {e0174856},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In their role as second messengers, cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP have a variety of intracellular effects. These complex tasks demand a highly organized orchestration of spatially and temporally confined cAMP action which should be best achieved by compartmentalization of the latter. A great body of evidence suggests that cAMP compartments may be established and maintained by cAMP degrading enzymes, e.g. phosphodiesterases (PDEs). However, the molecular and biophysical details of how PDEs can orchestrate cAMP gradients are entirely unclear. In this paper, using fusion proteins of cAMP FRET-sensors and PDEs in living cells, we provide direct experimental evidence that the cAMP concentration in the vicinity of an individual PDE molecule is below the detection limit of our FRET sensors (<100nM). This cAMP gradient persists in crude cytosol preparations. We developed mathematical models based on diffusion-reaction equations which describe the creation of nanocompartments around a single PDE molecule and more complex spatial PDE arrangements. The analytically solvable equations derived here explicitly determine how the capability of a single PDE, or PDE complexes, to create a nanocompartment depend on the cAMP degradation rate, the diffusive mobility of cAMP, and geometrical and topological parameters. We apply these generic models to our experimental data and determine the diffusive mobility and degradation rate of cAMP. The results obtained for these parameters differ by far from data in literature for free soluble cAMP interacting with PDE. Hence, restricted cAMP diffusion in the vincinity of PDE is necessary to create cAMP nanocompartments in cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OezkurMagyarThomasetal.2017,
  author    = {Oezkur, Mehmet and Magyar, Attila and Thomas, Phillip and Stork, Tabea and Schneider, Reinhard and Bening, Constanze and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Leyh, Rainer G. and Wagner, Martin},
  title     = {TIMP-2*IGFBP7 (Nephrocheck®) Measurements at Intensive Care Unit Admission After Cardiac Surgery are Predictive for Acute Kidney Injury Within 48 Hours},
  series = {Kidney \& Blood Pressure Research},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Kidney \& Blood Pressure Research},
  doi       = {10.1159/000479298},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157988},
  pages     = {456-467},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a postoperative complication after cardiac surgery with a high impact on mortality and morbidity. Nephrocheck® [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] determines markers of tubular stress, which occurs prior to tubular damage. It is unknown at which time-point [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] measurement should be performed to ideally predict AKI. We investigated the association of [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] at various time-points with the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery including cardio-pulmonary bypass. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, serial blood and urine samples were collected from 150 patients: pre-operative, at ICU-admission, 24h and 48h post-surgery. AKI was defined as Serum-Creatinine rise >0.3 mg/dl within 48hrs. Urinary [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] was measured at pre-operative, ICU-admission and 24h post-surgery; medical staff was kept blinded to these results. Results: A total of 35 patients (23.5\%) experienced AKI, with a higher incidence in those with high [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] values at ICU admission (57.1\% vs. 10.1\%, p<0.001). In logistic regression [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] at ICU admission was independently associated with the occurrence of AKI (Odds Ratio 11.83; p<0.001, C-statistic= 0.74) after adjustment for EuroSCORE II and CBP-time. Conclusions: Early detection of elevated [TIMP-2*IGFBP7] at ICU admission was strongly predictive for postoperative AKI and appeared to be more precise as compared to subsequent measurements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SalingerHuLiuetal.2017,
  author    = {Salinger, Tim and Hu, Kai and Liu, Dan and Herrmann, Sebastian and Lorenz, Kristina and Ertl, Georg and Nordbeck, Peter},
  title     = {Cardiac amyloidosis mimicking severe aortic valve stenosis - a case report demonstrating diagnostic pitfalls and role of dobutamine stress echocardiography},
  series = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  number    = {86},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12872-017-0519-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171109},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Aortic valve stenosis is a common finding diagnosed with high sensitivity in transthoracic echocardiography, but the examiner often finds himself confronted with uncertain results in patients with moderate pressure gradients and concomitant systolic heart failure. While patients with true-severe low-gradient aortic valve stenosis with either reduced or preserved left ventricular systolic function are primarily candidates for valve replacement, there is a relevant proportion of patients with pseudo-severe aortic valve stenosis anticipated not to benefit but actually rather deteriorate by interventional therapy or surgery. Case presentation In this article we present a case report of a male patient with pseudo-severe aortic valve stenosis due to cardiac amyloidosis highlighting the diagnostic schedule. The patient underwent stress echocardiography because of discrepant findings in transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac catheterization regarding the severity of aortic valve stenosis. After evaluation of the results, it became clear that he had a need for optimum heart failure medication and implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator. Conclusion Due to the pitfalls in conventional as well as invasive diagnostics at rest, Stress echocardiography should be considered part of the standard optimum diagnostic spectrum in all unclear or borderline cases in order to confirm the correct diagnosis and constitute optimal therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PetruskiIvlevaKucharskaNewtonPaltaetal.2017,
  author    = {Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia and Kucharska-Newton, Anna and Palta, Priya and Couper, David and Meyer, Katie and Graff, Misa and Haring, Bernhard and Sharrett, Richey and Heiss, Gerardo},
  title     = {Milk intake at midlife and cognitive decline over 20 years. The Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study},
  series = {Nutrients},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Nutrients},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.3390/nu9101134},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173909},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95\% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10\% decline, relative to the group reporting "almost never" consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrodehlBelkeGarnettetal.2017,
  author    = {Brodehl, Andreas and Belke, Darrell D. and Garnett, Lauren and Martens, Kristina and Abdelfatah, Nelly and Rodriguez, Marcela and Diao, Catherine and Chen, Yong-Xiang and Gordon, Paul M. K. and Nygren, Anders and Gerull, Brenda},
  title     = {Transgenic mice overexpressing desmocollin-2 (DSC2) develop cardiomyopathy associated with myocardial inflammation and fibrotic remodeling},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0174019},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171084},
  pages     = {e0174019},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is an inherited heart muscle disorder leading to ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, mainly as a result of mutations in cardiac desmosomal genes. Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions mediating adhesion of cardiomyocytes; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease remain widely unknown. Desmocollin-2 is a desmosomal cadherin serving as an anchor molecule required to reconstitute homeostatic intercellular adhesion with desmoglein-2. Cardiac specific lack of desmoglein-2 leads to severe cardiomyopathy, whereas overexpression does not. In contrast, the corresponding data for desmocollin-2 are incomplete, in particular from the view of protein overexpression. Therefore, we developed a mouse model overexpressing desmocollin-2 to determine its potential contribution to cardiomyopathy and intercellular adhesion pathology. Methods and results We generated transgenic mice overexpressing DSC2 in cardiac myocytes. Transgenic mice developed a severe cardiac dysfunction over 5 to 13 weeks as indicated by 2D-echocardiography measurements. Corresponding histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated fibrosis, necrosis and calcification which were mainly localized in patches near the epi- and endocardium of both ventricles. Expressions of endogenous desmosomal proteins were markedly reduced in fibrotic areas but appear to be unchanged in non-fibrotic areas. Furthermore, gene expression data indicate an early up-regulation of inflammatory and fibrotic remodeling pathways between 2 to 3.5 weeks of age. Conclusion Cardiac specific overexpression of desmocollin-2 induces necrosis, acute inflammation and patchy cardiac fibrotic remodeling leading to fulminant biventricular cardiomyopathy.},
  language  = {en}
}