@article{BrumbergKuestersAlMomanietal.2017,
  author    = {Brumberg, Joachim and K{\"u}sters, Sebastian and Al-Momani, Ehab and Marotta, Giorgio and Cosgrove, Kelly P. and van Dyck, Christopher H. and Herrmann, Ken and Homola, Gy{\"o}rgy A. and Pezzoli, Gianni and Buck, Andreas K. and Volkmann, Jens and Samnick, Samuel and Isaias, Ioannis U.},
  title     = {Cholinergic activity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a multitracer molecular imaging study},
  series = {Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.1002/acn3.438},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170406},
  pages     = {632-639},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Objective: To investigate the association between levodopa-induced dyskinesias and striatal cholinergic activity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: This study included 13 Parkinson's disease patients with peak-of-dose levodopa-induced dyskinesias, 12 nondyskinetic patients, and 12 healthy controls. Participants underwent 5-[\(^{123}\)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine single-photon emission computed tomography, a marker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, [\(^{123}\)I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane single-photon emission computed tomography, to measure dopamine reuptake transporter density and 2-[\(^{18}\)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography to assess regional cerebral metabolic activity. Striatal binding potentials, uptake values at basal ganglia structures, and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed. Results: Density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the caudate nucleus of dyskinetic subjects was similar to that of healthy controls and significantly higher to that of nondyskinetic patients, in particular, contralaterally to the clinically most affected side. Interpretation: Our findings support the hypothesis that the expression of dyskinesia may be related to cholinergic neuronal excitability in a dopaminergic-depleted striatum. Cholinergic signaling would play a role in maintaining striatal dopaminergic responsiveness, possibly defining disease phenotype and progression.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IsaiasSpiegelBrumbergetal.2014,
  author    = {Isaias, Ioannis Ugo and Spiegel, J{\"o}rg and Brumberg, Joachim and Cosgrove, Kelly P. and Marotta, Giorgio and Oishi, Naoya and Higuchi, Takahiro and K{\"u}sters, Sebastian and Schiller, Markus and Dillmann, Ulrich and van Dyck, Christopher H. and Buck, Andreas and Herrmann, Ken and Schloegl, Susanne and Volkmann, Jens and Lassmann, Michael and Fassbender, Klaus and Lorenz, Reinhard and Samnick, Samuel},
  title     = {Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in cognitively intact subjects at an early stage of Parkinson's disease},
  series = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnagi.2014.00213},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119351},
  pages     = {213},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {We investigated in vivo brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) distribution in cognitively intact subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) at an early stage of the disease. Fourteen patients and 13 healthy subjects were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ([(123)I]5IA). Patients were selected according to several criteria, including short duration of motor signs (<7 years) and normal scores at an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. In PD patients, nAChR density was significantly higher in the putamen, the insular cortex and the supplementary motor area and lower in the caudate nucleus, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the middle temporal gyrus. Disease duration positively correlated with nAChR density in the putamen ipsilateral (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05) but not contralateral (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.07) to the clinically most affected hemibody. We observed, for the first time in vivo, higher nAChR density in brain regions of the motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits of subjects with PD. Our findings support the notion of an up-regulated cholinergic activity at the striatal and possibly cortical level in cognitively intact PD patients at an early stage of disease.},
  language  = {en}
}