@article{KumarWaitePaligietal.2022,
  author    = {Kumar, Manish and Waite, Pierre-Andr{\´e} and Paligi, Sharath Shyamappa and Schuldt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Influence of juvenile growth on xylem safety and efficiency in three temperate tree species},
  series = {Forests},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Forests},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1999-4907},
  doi       = {10.3390/f13060909},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278889},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The evolution of the internal water transport system was a prerequisite for high plant productivity. In times of climate change, understanding the dependency of juvenile growth on xylem hydraulic physiology is therefore of high importance. Here, we explored various wood anatomical, hydraulic, and leaf morphological traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in three temperate broadleaved tree species (Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, and Sorbus aucuparia). We took advantage of a severe natural heat wave that resulted in different climatic growing conditions for even-aged plants from the same seed source growing inside a greenhouse and outside. Inside the greenhouse, the daily maximum vapour pressure deficit was on average 36\% higher than outside during the growing seasons. Because of the higher atmospheric moisture stress, the biomass production differed up to 5.6-fold between both groups. Except for one species, a high productivity was associated with a high hydraulic efficiency caused by large xylem vessels and a large, supported leaf area. Although no safety-efficiency trade-off was observed, productivity was significantly related to P\(_{50}\) in two of the tree species but without revealing any clear pattern. A considerable plasticity in given traits was observed between both groups, with safety-related traits being more static while efficiency-related traits revealed a higher intra-specific plasticity. This was associated with other wood anatomical and leaf morphological adjustments. We confirm that a high hydraulic efficiency seems to be a prerequisite for a high biomass production, while our controversial results on the growth-xylem safety relationship confirm that safety-efficiency traits are decoupled and that their relationship with juvenile growth and water regime is species-specific.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JoschinskiHovestadtKrauss2015,
  author    = {Joschinski, Jens and Hovestadt, Thomas and Krauss, Jochen},
  title     = {Coping with shorter days: do phenology shifts constrain aphid fitness?},
  series = {PeerJ},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {PeerJ},
  number    = {e1103},
  doi       = {10.7717/peerj.1103},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148382},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Climate change can alter the phenology of organisms. It may thus lead seasonal organisms to face different day lengths than in the past, and the fitness consequences of these changes are as yet unclear. To study such effects, we used the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum as a model organism, as it has obligately asexual clones which can be used to study day length effects without eliciting a seasonal response. We recorded life-history traits under short and long days, both with two realistic temperature cycles with means differing by 2 °C. In addition, we measured the population growth of aphids on their host plant Pisum sativum. We show that short days reduce fecundity and the length of the reproductive period of aphids. Nevertheless, this does not translate into differences at the population level because the observed fitness costs only become apparent late in the individual's life. As expected, warm temperature shortens the development time by 0.7 days/°C, leading to faster generation times. We found no interaction of temperature and day length. We conclude that day length changes cause only relatively mild costs, which may not decelerate the increase in pest status due to climate change.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GroezingerTheinFeldhaaretal.2014,
  author    = {Gr{\"o}zinger, Franziska and Thein, J{\"u}rgen and Feldhaar, Heike and R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver},
  title     = {Giants, Dwarfs and the Environment - Metamorphic Trait Plasticity in the Common Frog},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0089982},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117203},
  pages     = {e89982},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In order to understand adaptation processes and population dynamics, it is central to know how environmental parameters influence performance of organisms within populations, including their phenotypes. The impact of single or few particular parameters in concert was often assessed in laboratory and mesocosm experiments. However, under natural conditions, with many biotic and abiotic factors potentially interacting, outcomes on phenotypic changes may be different. To study the potential environmental impact on realized phenotypic plasticity within a natural population, we assessed metamorphic traits (developmental time, size and body mass) in an amphibian species, the European common frog Rana temporaria, since a) larval amphibians are known to exhibit high levels of phenotypic plasticity of these traits in response to habitat parameters and, b) the traits' features may strongly influence individuals' future performance and fitness. In 2007 we studied these metamorphic traits in 18 ponds spread over an area of 28 km 2. A subset of six ponds was reinvestigated in 2009 and 2010. This study revealed locally high variances in metamorphic traits in this presumed generalist species. We detected profound differences between metamorphing froglets (up to factor ten); both between and within ponds, on a very small geographic scale. Parameters such as predation and competition as well as many other pond characteristics, generally expected to have high impact on development, could not be related to the trait differences. We observed high divergence of patterns of mass at metamorphosis between ponds, but no detectable pattern when metamorphic traits were compared between ponds and years. Our results indicate that environment alone, i.e. as experienced by tadpoles sharing the same breeding pond, can only partly explain the variability of metamorphic traits observed. This emphasizes the importance to assess variability of reaction norms on the individual level to explain within-population variability.},
  language  = {en}
}