@article{GehrkeScherzadHagenetal.2019, author = {Gehrke, Thomas and Scherzad, Agmal and Hagen, Rudolf and Hackenberg, Stephan}, title = {Risk factors for children requiring adenotonsillectomy and their impact on postoperative complications: a retrospective analysis of 2000 patients}, series = {Anaesthesia}, volume = {74}, journal = {Anaesthesia}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1111/anae.14844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204787}, pages = {1572-1579}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Adenotonsillectomies are commonly performed procedures and sleep-disordered breathing is becoming increasingly important as an indication for surgery. Because of the higher risks in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, the required level of postoperative care for these patients is currently under discussion, and better identification of patients at risk may reduce unnecessary postoperative monitoring. To evaluate the influence of obstructive sleep apnoea, and other risk factors, on peri-operative complications in children requiring adenotonsillectomy, we performed a retrospective case-control study that included 1995 patients treated between January 2009 and June 2017. In our analysis, young age (OR 3.8, 95\%CI 2.1-7.1), low body weight (OR 2.6, 95\%CI 1.5-4.4), obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 2.4, 95\%CI 1.5-3.8), pre-existing craniofacial or syndromal disorders (OR 2.3, 95\%CI 1.4-3.8) and adenotonsillectomy, compared with adenoidectomy alone, (OR 7.9, 95\%CI 4.7-13.1) were identified as risk factors for complications during or after surgery, p < 0.001. All 13 patients suffering from complications more than 3 h postoperatively had obstructive sleep apnoea plus at least one more of these risk factors. Patients at risk of postoperative complications can therefore be identified by several criteria pre-operatively, and should be monitored postoperatively using pulse oximetry overnight. For all other patients, postoperative observation on a surgical ward without extra monitoring is sufficient. Admission to paediatric intensive care should be reserved for patients suffering serious intra-operative complications.}, language = {en} } @article{BoetzlKonleKrauss2019, author = {Boetzl, Fabian A. and Konle, Antonia and Krauss, Jochen}, title = {Aphid cards - useful model for assessing predation rates or bias prone nonsense?}, series = {Journal of Applied Entomology}, volume = {144}, journal = {Journal of Applied Entomology}, number = {1-2}, doi = {10.1111/jen.12692}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204798}, pages = {74-80}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Predation on pest organisms is an essential ecosystem function supporting yields in modern agriculture. However, assessing predation rates is intricate, and they can rarely be linked directly to predator densities or functions. We tested whether sentinel prey aphid cards are useful tools to assess predation rates in the field. Therefore, we looked at aphid cards of different sizes on the ground level as well as within the vegetation. Additionally, by trapping ground-dwelling predators, we examined whether obtained predation rates could be linked to predator densities and traits. Predation rates recorded with aphid cards were independent of aphid card size. However, predation rates on the ground level were three times higher than within the vegetation. We found both predatory carabid activity densities as well as community weighted mean body size to be good predictors for predation rates. Predation rates obtained from aphid cards are stable over card type and related to predator assemblages. Aphid cards, therefore, are a useful, efficient method for rapidly assessing the ecosystem function predation. Their use might especially be recommended for assessments on the ground level and when time and resource limitations rule out more elaborate sentinel prey methods using exclosures with living prey animals.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtStolteSuessetal.2019, author = {Schmidt, David and Stolte, Matthias and S{\"u}ß, Jasmin and Liess, Dr. Andreas and Stepanenko, Vladimir and W{\"u}rthner, Frank}, title = {Protein-like enwrapped perylene bisimide chromophore as bright microcrystalline emitter material}, series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, volume = {58}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, number = {38}, doi = {10.1002/ange.201907618}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204809}, pages = {13385-13389}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Strongly emissive solid-state materials are mandatory components for many emerging optoelectronic technologies, but fluorescence is often quenched in the solid state owing to strong intermolecular interactions. The design of new organic pigments, which retain their optical properties despite their high tendency to crystallize, could overcome such limitations. Herein, we show a new material with monomer-like absorption and emission profiles as well as fluorescence quantum yields over 90 \% in its crystalline solid state. The material was synthesized by attaching two bulky tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenoxy substituents at the perylene bisimide bay positions. These substituents direct a packing arrangement with full enwrapping of the chromophore and unidirectional chromophore alignment within the crystal lattice to afford optical properties that resemble those of their natural pigment counterparts, in which chromophores are rigidly embedded in protein environments.}, language = {en} } @article{RobinsonHutmacherDalton2019, author = {Robinson, Thomas M. and Hutmacher, Dietmar W. and Dalton, Paul D.}, title = {The next frontier in melt electrospinning: taming the jet}, series = {Advanced Functional Materials}, volume = {29}, journal = {Advanced Functional Materials}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.201904664}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204819}, pages = {1904664}, year = {2019}, abstract = {There is a specialized niche for the electrohydrodynamic jetting of melts, from biomedical products to filtration and soft matter applications. The next frontier includes optics, microfluidics, flexible electronic devices, and soft network composites in biomaterial science and soft robotics. The recent emphasis on reproducibly direct-writing continual molten jets has enabled a spectrum of contemporary microscale 3D objects to be fabricated. One strong suit of melt processing is the capacity for the jet to solidify rapidly into a fiber, thus fixing a particular structure into position. The ability to direct-write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures has greatly contributed to a large number of recent studies, explicitly, toward fiber-hydrogel composites and fugitive inks, and has expanded into several biomedical applications such as cartilage, skin, periosteum, and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Following the footsteps of a publication that summarized melt electrowriting literature up to 2015, the most recent literature from then until now is reviewed to provide a continuous and comprehensive timeline that demonstrates the latest advances as well as new perspectives for this emerging technology.}, language = {en} } @article{BudimanFriedrichRadiusetal.2019, author = {Budiman, Yudha P. and Friedrich, Alexandra and Radius, Udo and Marder, Todd B.}, title = {Copper-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of highly fluorinated aryl boronate esters with aryl iodides and bromides and fluoroarene-arene π-stacking interactions in the products}, series = {ChemCatChem}, volume = {11}, journal = {ChemCatChem}, number = {21}, doi = {10.1002/cctc.201901220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204839}, pages = {5387-5396}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A combination of copper iodide and phenanthroline as the ligand is an efficient catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of highly fluorinated boronate esters (aryl-Bpin) with aryl iodides and bromides to generate fluorinated biaryls in good to excellent yields. This method represents a nice alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods which require palladium catalysts and stoichiometric amounts of silver oxide. We note that π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions dominate the molecular packing in the partly fluorinated biaryl crystals investigated herein. They are present either between the arene and perfluoroarene, or solely between arenes or perfluoroarenes, respectively.}, language = {en} } @article{LorkowskiKrahfussKubickietal.2019, author = {Lorkowski, Jan and Krahfuss, Mirjam and Kubicki, Maciej and Radius, Udo and Pietraszuk, Cezary}, title = {Intramolecular ring expansion reaction (RER) and intermolecular coordination of in situ generated Cyclic (Amino)(Aryl)Carbenes (cAArCs)}, series = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, number = {48}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201902630}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204847}, pages = {11365-11374}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbenes (cAArCs) based on the isoindoline core were successfully generated in situ by α-elimination of 3-alkoxyisoindolines at high temperatures or by deprotonation of isoindol-2-ium chlorides with sodium or copper(I) acetates at low temperatures. 3-Alkoxy-isoindolines 2 a ,b-OR (R=Me, Et, i Pr) have been prepared in high yields by the addition of a solution of 2-aryl-1,1-diphenylisoindol-2-ium triflate (1 a ,b-OTf ; a : aryl=Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl; b : Mesityl-, Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) to the corresponding alcohol (ROH) with NEt3 at room temperature. Furthermore, the reaction of 2 a ,b-OMe in diethyl ether with a tenfold excess of hydrochloric acid led to the isolation of the isoindol-2-ium chlorides 1 a ,b-Cl in high yields. The thermally generated cAArC reacts with sulfur to form the thioamide 3 a . Without any additional trapping reagent, in situ generation of 1,1-diphenylisoidolin-3-ylidenes does not lead to the isolation of these compounds, but to the reaction products of the insertion of the carbene carbon atom into an ortho C-H bond of a phenyl substituent, followed by ring-expansion reaction; namely, anthracene derivatives 9-N(H)aryl-10-Ph-C14H8 4 a ,b (a : Dipp; b : Mes). These compounds are conveniently synthesized by deprotonation of the isoindol-2-ium chlorides with sodium acetate in high yields. Deprotonation of 1 a-Cl with copper(I) acetate at low temperatures afforded a mixture of 4 a and the corresponding cAArC copper(I) chloride 5 a , and allowed the isolation and structural characterization of the first example of a cAArC copper complex of general formula [(cAArC)CuCl].}, language = {en} } @article{FigueiredoKraussSteffanDewenteretal.2019, author = {Figueiredo, Ludmilla and Krauss, Jochen and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Cabral, Juliano Sarmento}, title = {Understanding extinction debts: spatio-temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research}, series = {Ecography}, volume = {42}, journal = {Ecography}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.04740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204859}, pages = {1973-1990}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Extinction debt refers to delayed species extinctions expected as a consequence of ecosystem perturbation. Quantifying such extinctions and investigating long-term consequences of perturbations has proven challenging, because perturbations are not isolated and occur across various spatial and temporal scales, from local habitat losses to global warming. Additionally, the relative importance of eco-evolutionary processes varies across scales, because levels of ecological organization, i.e. individuals, (meta)populations and (meta)communities, respond hierarchically to perturbations. To summarize our current knowledge of the scales and mechanisms influencing extinction debts, we reviewed recent empirical, theoretical and methodological studies addressing either the spatio-temporal scales of extinction debts or the eco-evolutionary mechanisms delaying extinctions. Extinction debts were detected across a range of ecosystems and taxonomic groups, with estimates ranging from 9 to 90\% of current species richness. The duration over which debts have been sustained varies from 5 to 570 yr, and projections of the total period required to settle a debt can extend to 1000 yr. Reported causes of delayed extinctions are 1) life-history traits that prolong individual survival, and 2) population and metapopulation dynamics that maintain populations under deteriorated conditions. Other potential factors that may extend survival time such as microevolutionary dynamics, or delayed extinctions of interaction partners, have rarely been analyzed. Therefore, we propose a roadmap for future research with three key avenues: 1) the microevolutionary dynamics of extinction processes, 2) the disjunctive loss of interacting species and 3) the impact of multiple regimes of perturbation on the payment of debts. For their ability to integrate processes occurring at different levels of ecological organization, we highlight mechanistic simulation models as tools to address these knowledge gaps and to deepen our understanding of extinction dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{PaulsHamaratTrufasuetal.2019, author = {Pauls, Dennis and Hamarat, Yasmin and Trufasu, Luisa and Schendzielorz, Tim M. and Gramlich, Gertrud and Kahnt, J{\"o}rg and Vanselow, Jens and Schlosser, Andreas and Wegener, Christian}, title = {Drosophila carboxypeptidase D (SILVER) is a key enzyme in neuropeptide processing required to maintain locomotor activity levels and survival rate}, series = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {50}, journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1111/ejn.14516}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204863}, pages = {3502-3519}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Neuropeptides are processed from larger preproproteins by a dedicated set of enzymes. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying preproprotein processing and the functional importance of processing enzymes are well-characterised in mammals, but little studied outside this group. In contrast to mammals, Drosophila melanogaster lacks a gene for carboxypeptidase E (CPE ), a key enzyme for mammalian peptide processing. By combining peptidomics and neurogenetics, we addressed the role of carboxypeptidase D (dCPD ) in global neuropeptide processing and selected peptide-regulated behaviours in Drosophila . We found that a deficiency in dCPD results in C-terminally extended peptides across the peptidome, suggesting that dCPD took over CPE function in the fruit fly. dCPD is widely expressed throughout the nervous system, including peptidergic neurons in the mushroom body and neuroendocrine cells expressing adipokinetic hormone. Conditional hypomorphic mutation in the dCPD -encoding gene silver in the larva causes lethality, and leads to deficits in starvation-induced hyperactivity and appetitive gustatory preference, as well as to reduced viability and activity levels in adults. A phylogenomic analysis suggests that loss of CPE is not common to insects, but only occurred in Hymenoptera and Diptera. Our results show that dCPD is a key enzyme for neuropeptide processing and peptide-regulated behaviour in Drosophila . dCPD thus appears as a suitable target to genetically shut down total neuropeptide production in peptidergic neurons. The persistent occurrence of CPD in insect genomes may point to important further CPD functions beyond neuropeptide processing which cannot be fulfilled by CPE.}, language = {en} } @article{LuebtowMarciniakSchmiedeletal.2019, author = {L{\"u}btow, Michael M. and Marciniak, Henning and Schmiedel, Alexander and Roos, Markus and Lambert, Christoph and Luxenhofer, Robert}, title = {Ultra-high to ultra-low drug loaded micelles: Probing host-guest interactions by fluorescence spectroscopy}, series = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, number = {54}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201902619}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206128}, pages = {12601-12610}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Polymer micelles are an attractive means to solubilize water insoluble compounds such as drugs. Drug loading, formulations stability and control over drug release are crucial factors for drug-loaded polymer micelles. The interactions between the polymeric host and the guest molecules are considered critical to control these factors but typically barely understood. Here, we compare two isomeric polymer micelles, one of which enables ultra-high curcumin loading exceeding 50 wt.\%, while the other allows a drug loading of only 25 wt.\%. In the low capacity micelles, steady-state fluorescence revealed a very unusual feature of curcumin fluorescence, a high energy emission at 510 nm. Time-resolved fluorescence upconversion showed that the fluorescence life time of the corresponding species is too short in the high-capacity micelles, preventing an observable emission in steady-state. Therefore, contrary to common perception, stronger interactions between host and guest can be detrimental to the drug loading in polymer micelles.}, subject = {Polymer-drug interaction}, language = {en} } @article{WegenerSauer2019, author = {Wegener, Sonja and Sauer, Otto A.}, title = {The effective point of measurement for depth-dose measurements in small MV photon beams with different detectors}, series = {Medical Physics}, volume = {46}, journal = {Medical Physics}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1002/mp.13788}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206148}, pages = {5209-5215}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Purpose: The effective point of measurement (EPOM) of cylindrical ionization chambers differs from their geometric center. The exact shift depends on chamber construction details, above all the chamber size, and to some degree on the field-size and beam quality. It generally decreases as the chamber dimensions get smaller. In this work, effective points of measurement in small photon fields of a range of cylindrical chambers of different sizes are investigated, including small chambers that have not been studied previously. Methods: In this investigation, effective points of measurement for different ionization chambers (Farmer type, scanning chambers, micro-ionization chambers) and solid state detectors were determined by measuring depth-ionization curves in a 6 MV beam in field sizes between 2 9 2 cm2 and 10 9 10 cm2 and comparing those curves with curves measured with plane-parallel chambers. Results: It was possible to average the results to one shift per detector, as the results were sufficiently independent of the studied field sizes. For cylindrical ion chambers, shifts of the EPOM were determined to be between 0.49 and 0.30 times the inner chamber radius from the reference point. Conclusions: We experimentally confirmed the previously reported decrease of the EPOM shift with decreasing detector size. Highly accurate data for a large range of detectors, including new very small ones, were determined. Thus, small chambers noticeably differ from the 0.5-times to 0.6-times the inner chamber radius recommendations in current dosimetry protocols. The detector-individual EPOMs need to be considered for measurements of depth-dose curves.}, language = {en} } @article{KitzenmaierSchaeferKasaragodetal.2019, author = {Kitzenmaier, Alexandra and Schaefer, Natascha and Kasaragod, Vikram Babu and Polster, Tilman and Hantschmann, Ralph and Schindelin, Hermann and Villmann, Carmen}, title = {The P429L loss of function mutation of the human glycine transporter 2 associated with hyperekplexia}, series = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {50}, journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1111/ejn.14533}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206158}, pages = {3906-3920}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) mutations across the entire sequence have been shown to represent the presynaptic component of the neurological disease hyperekplexia. Dominant, recessive and compound heterozygous mutations have been identified, most of them leading to impaired glycine uptake. Here, we identified a novel loss of function mutation of the GlyT2 resulting from an amino acid exchange of proline 429 to leucine in a family with both parents being heterozygous carriers. A homozygous child suffered from severe neuromotor deficits. We characterised the GlyT2P429L variant at the molecular, cellular and protein level. Functionality was determined by glycine uptake assays. Homology modelling revealed that the mutation localises to α-helix 5, presumably disrupting the integrity of this α-helix. GlyT2P429L shows protein trafficking through various intracellular compartments to the cellular surface. However, the protein expression at the whole cell level was significantly reduced. Although present at the cellular surface, GlyT2P429L demonstrated a loss of protein function. Coexpression of the mutant with the wild-type protein, reflecting the situation in the parents, did not affect transporter function, thus explaining their non-symptomatic phenotype. Nevertheless, when the mutant was expressed in excess compared with the wild-type protein, glycine uptake was significantly reduced. Thus, these data demonstrate that the proline residue at position 429 is structurally important for the correct formation of α-helix 5. The failure in functionality of the mutated GlyT2 is most probably due to structural changes localised in close proximity to the sodium-binding site of the transporter.}, language = {en} } @article{EvdokimovFrankKlitschetal.2019, author = {Evdokimov, Dimitar and Frank, Johanna and Klitsch, Alexander and Unterecker, Stefan and Warrings, Bodo and Serra, Jordi and Papagianni, Aikaterini and Saffer, Nadine and Meyer zu Altenschildesche, Caren and Kampik, Daniel and Malik, Rayaz A. and Sommer, Claudia and {\"U}ceyler, Nurcan}, title = {Reduction of skin innervation is associated with a severe fibromyalgia phenotype}, series = {Annals of Neurology}, volume = {86}, journal = {Annals of Neurology}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1002/ana.25565}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206168}, pages = {504-516}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective: To assess patterns and impact of small nerve fiber dysfunction and pathology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Methods: One hundred seventeen women with FMS underwent neurological examination, questionnaire assessment, neurophysiology assessment, and small fiber tests: skin punch biopsy, corneal confocal microscopy, microneurography, quantitative sensory testing including C-tactile afferents, and pain-related evoked potentials. Data were compared with those of women with major depressive disorder and chronic widespread pain (MD-P) and healthy women. Results: Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) was reduced at different biopsy sites in 63\% of FMS patients (MDP: 10\%, controls: 18\%; p < 0.001 for each). We found 4 patterns of skin innervation in FMS: normal, distally reduced, proximally reduced, and both distally and proximally reduced (p < 0.01 for each compared to controls). Microneurography revealed initial activity-dependent acceleration of conduction velocity upon low frequencies of stimulation in 1A fibers, besides 1B fiber spontaneous activity and mechanical sensitization in FMS patients. FMS patients had elevated warm detection thresholds (p < 0.01), impaired C-tactile afferents (p < 0.05), and reduced amplitudes (p < 0.001) of pain-related evoked potentials compared to controls. Compared to FMS patients with normal skin innervation, those with generalized IENFD reduction had higher pain intensity and impairment due to pain, higher disease burden, more stabbing pain and paresthesias, and more anxiety (p < 0.05 for each). FMS patients with generalized IENFD reduction also had lower corneal nerve fiber density (p < 0.01) and length (p < 0.05). Interpretation: The extent of small fiber pathology is related to symptom severity in FMS. This knowledge may have implications for the diagnostic classification and treatment of patients with FMS.}, language = {en} } @article{ThiessMellerupBraunschweig2019, author = {Thiess, Torsten and Mellerup, Soren K. and Braunschweig, Holger}, title = {B-B Cleavage and Ring-Expansion of a 1,4,2,3-Diazadiborinine with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes}, series = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, number = {59}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201903259}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206173}, pages = {13572-13578}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A 1,4,2,3-diazadiborinine derivative was found to form Lewis adducts with strong two-electron donors such as N-heterocyclic and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Depending on the donor, some of these Lewis pairs are thermally unstable, converting to sole B,N-embedded products upon gentle heating. The products of these reactions, which have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, were identified as B,N-heterocycles with fused 1,5,2,4-diazadiborepine and 1,4,2-diazaborinine rings. Computational modelling of the reaction mechanism provides insight into the formation of these unique structures, suggesting that a series of B-H, C-N, and B-B bond activation steps are responsible for these "intercalation" reactions between the 1,4,2,3-diazadiborinine and NHCs.}, language = {en} } @article{HeRauchFriedrichetal.2019, author = {He, Jiang and Rauch, Florian and Friedrich, Alexandra and Sieh, Daniel and Ribbeck, Tatjana and Krummenacher, Ivo and Braunschweig, Holger and Finze, Maik and Marder, Todd B.}, title = {N-Heterocyclic Olefins as Electron Donors in Combination with Triarylborane Acceptors: Synthesis, Optical and Electronic Properties of D-π-A Compounds}, series = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201903118}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204690}, pages = {13777-13784}, year = {2019}, abstract = {N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), relatives of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), exhibit high nucleophilicity and soft Lewis basic character. To investigate their π-electron donating ability, NHOs were attached to triarylborane π-acceptors (A) giving donor (D)-π-A compounds 1-3. In addition, an enamine π-donor analogue (4) was synthesized for comparison. UV-visible absorption studies show a larger red shift for the NHO-containing boranes than for the enamine analogue, a relative of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes (CAACs). Solvent-dependent emission studies indicate that 1-4 have moderate intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) behavior. Electrochemical investigations reveal that the NHO-containing boranes have extremely low reversible oxidation potentials (e.g., for 3, \(E^{ox}_{1/2}\) =-0.40 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium, Fc/Fc\(^+\), in THF). Time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations show that the HOMOs of 1-3 are much more destabilized than that of the enamine-containing 4, which confirms the stronger donating ability of NHOs.}, language = {en} } @article{RequierPailletLarocheetal.2019, author = {Requier, Fabrice and Paillet, Yoan and Laroche, Fabienne and Rutschmann, Benjamin and Zhang, Jie and Lombardi, Fabio and Svoboda, Miroslav and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf}, title = {Contribution of European forests to safeguard wild honeybee populations}, series = {Conservation Letters}, volume = {13}, journal = {Conservation Letters}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1111/conl.12693}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204407}, pages = {e12693}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Abstract Recent studies reveal the use of tree cavities by wild honeybee colonies in European forests. This highlights the conservation potential of forests for a highly threatened component of the native entomofauna in Europe, but currently no estimate of potential wild honeybee population sizes exists. Here, we analyzed the tree cavity densities of 106 forest areas across Europe and inferred an expected population size of wild honeybees. Both forest and management types affected the density of tree cavities. Accordingly, we estimated that more than 80,000 wild honeybee colonies could be sustained in European forests. As expected, potential conservation hotspots were identified in unmanaged forests, and, surprisingly, also in other large forest areas across Europe. Our results contribute to the EU policy strategy to halt pollinator declines and reveal the potential of forest areas for the conservation of so far neglected wild honeybee populations in Europe.}, language = {en} } @article{DiersWagnerBaumetal.2019, author = {Diers, J. and Wagner, J. and Baum, P. and Lichthardt, S. and Kastner, C. and Matthes, N. and L{\"o}b, S. and Matthes, H. and Germer, C.-T. and Wiegering, A.}, title = {Nationwide in-hospital mortality following colonic cancer resection according to hospital volume in Germany}, series = {BJS Open}, volume = {3}, journal = {BJS Open}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1002/bjs5.50173}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204385}, pages = {672-677}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: Colonic cancer is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine mortality rates following colonic cancer resection and the effect of hospital caseload on in-hospital mortality in Germany. Methods: Patients admitted with a diagnosis of colonic cancer undergoing colonic resection from 2012 to 2015 were identifed from a nationwide registry using procedure codes. The outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Hospitals were ranked according to their caseload for colonic cancer resection, and patients were categorized into five subgroups on the basis of hospital volume. Results: Some 129 196 colonic cancer resections were reviewed. The overall in-house mortality rate was 5⋅8 per cent, ranging from 6⋅9 per cent (1775 of 25 657 patients) in very low-volume hospitals to 4⋅8 per cent (1239 of 25 825) in very high-volume centres (P < 0⋅001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis the risk-adjusted odds ratio for in-house mortality was 0⋅75 (95 per cent c.i. 0⋅66 to 0⋅84) in very high-volume hospitals performing a mean of 85⋅0 interventions per year, compared with that in very low-volume hospitals performing a mean of only 12⋅7 interventions annually, after adjustment for sex, age, co-morbidity, emergency procedures, prolonged mechanical ventilation and transfusion. Conclusion: In Germany, patients undergoing colonic cancer resections in high-volume hospitals had with improved outcomes compared with patients treated in low-volume hospitals}, language = {en} } @article{RibechiniEckertBeilhacketal.2019, author = {Ribechini, Eliana and Eckert, Ina and Beilhack, Andreas and Du Plessis, Nelita and Walzl, Gerhard and Schleicher, Ulrike and Ritter, Uwe and Lutz, Manfred B.}, title = {Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis prime-boost vaccination induces myeloid-derived suppressor cells with spleen dendritic cell-killing capability}, series = {JCI Insight}, volume = {13}, journal = {JCI Insight}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1172/jci.insight.128664}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201973}, pages = {e128664}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Tuberculosis patients and mice infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis accumulate high numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here, we hypothesized that dead M. tuberculosis vaccines also may induce MDSCs that could impair the efficacy of vaccination. We found that repeated injections of M. tuberculosis vaccines (heat-killed M. tuberculosis in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, such as Montanide) but not single or control vaccines without M. tuberculosis strongly expanded CD11b\(^+\) myeloid cells in the spleen, leading to T cell suppression of proliferation and killing ex vivo. Dead M. tuberculosis vaccination induced the generation of CD11b\(^+\)Ly6C\(^{hi}\)CD115\(^+\) iNOS/Nos2\(^+\) monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) upon application of inflammatory or microbial activation signals. In vivo these M-MDSCs were positioned strategically in the splenic bridging channels and then positioned in the white pulp areas. Notably, within 6-24 hours, in a Nos2-dependent fashion, they produced NO to rapidly kill conventional and plasmacytoid DCs while, surprisingly, sparing T cells in vivo. Thus, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis vaccine induced M-MDSCs do not directly suppress effector T cells in vivo but, instead, indirectly by killing DCs. Collectively, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis booster vaccines induce M-MDSCs in the spleen that can be activated to kill DCs. Our data suggest that formation of MDSCs by M. tuberculosis vaccines should be investigated also in clinical trials.}, language = {en} } @article{DietrichKrebsLimanetal.2019, author = {Dietrich, Georg and Krebs, Jonathan and Liman, Leon and Fette, Georg and Ertl, Maximilian and Kaspar, Mathias and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Puppe, Frank}, title = {Replicating medication trend studies using ad hoc information extraction in a clinical data warehouse}, series = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making}, volume = {19}, journal = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making}, doi = {10.1186/s12911-018-0729-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200409}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Medication trend studies show the changes of medication over the years and may be replicated using a clinical Data Warehouse (CDW). Even nowadays, a lot of the patient information, like medication data, in the EHR is stored in the format of free text. As the conventional approach of information extraction (IE) demands a high developmental effort, we used ad hoc IE instead. This technique queries information and extracts it on the fly from texts contained in the CDW. Methods We present a generalizable approach of ad hoc IE for pharmacotherapy (medications and their daily dosage) presented in hospital discharge letters. We added import and query features to the CDW system, like error tolerant queries to deal with misspellings and proximity search for the extraction of the daily dosage. During the data integration process in the CDW, negated, historical and non-patient context data are filtered. For the replication studies, we used a drug list grouped by ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System) codes as input for queries to the CDW. Results We achieve an F1 score of 0.983 (precision 0.997, recall 0.970) for extracting medication from discharge letters and an F1 score of 0.974 (precision 0.977, recall 0.972) for extracting the dosage. We replicated three published medical trend studies for hypertension, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. Overall, 93\% of the main findings could be replicated, 68\% of sub-findings, and 75\% of all findings. One study could be completely replicated with all main and sub-findings. Conclusion A novel approach for ad hoc IE is presented. It is very suitable for basic medical texts like discharge letters and finding reports. Ad hoc IE is by definition more limited than conventional IE and does not claim to replace it, but it substantially exceeds the search capabilities of many CDWs and it is convenient to conduct replication studies fast and with high quality.}, language = {en} } @article{DuquePoelmanSteffanDewenter2019, author = {Duque, Laura and Poelman, Erik H. and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf}, title = {Plant-mediated effects of ozone on herbivores depend on exposure duration and temperature}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {9}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-56234-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202805}, pages = {19891}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Abiotic stress by elevated tropospheric ozone and temperature can alter plants' metabolism, growth, and nutritional value and modify the life cycle of their herbivores. We investigated how the duration of exposure of Sinapis arvensis plants to high ozone and temperature levels affect the life cycle of the large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae. Plants were exposed to ozone-clean (control) or ozone-enriched conditions (120 ppb) for either 1 or 5 days and were afterwards kept in a greenhouse with variable temperature conditions. When given the choice, P. brassicae butterflies laid 49\% fewer eggs on ozone-exposed than on control plants when the exposure lasted for 5 days, but showed no preference when exposure lasted for 1 day. The caterpillars took longer to hatch on ozone-exposed plants and at lower ambient temperatures. The ozone treatment had a positive effect on the survival of the eggs. Ozone decreased the growth of caterpillars reared at higher temperatures on plants exposed for 5 days, but not on plants exposed for 1 day. Overall, longer exposure of the plants to ozone and higher temperatures affected the life cycle of the herbivore more strongly. With global warming, the indirect impacts of ozone on herbivores are likely to become more common.}, language = {en} } @article{ManiucSalingerAndersetal.2019, author = {Maniuc, Octavian and Salinger, Tim and Anders, Fabian and M{\"u}ntze, Jonas and Liu, Dan and Hu, Kai and Ertl, Georg and Frantz, Stefan and Nordbeck, Peter}, title = {Impella CP use in patients with non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock}, series = {ESC Heart Failure}, volume = {6}, journal = {ESC Heart Failure}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1002/ehf2.12446}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202794}, pages = {863- 866}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Aims From the various mechanical cardiac assist devices and indications available, the use of the percutaneous intraventricular Impella CP pump is usually restricted to acute ischaemic shock or prophylactic indications in high-risk interventions. In the present study, we investigated clinical usefulness of the Impella CP device in patients with non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock as compared with acute ischaemia. Methods and results In this retrospective single-centre analysis, patients who received an Impella CP at the University Hospital W{\"u}rzburg between 2013 and 2017 due to non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock were age-matched 2:1 with patients receiving the device due to ischaemic cardiogenic shock. Inclusion criteria were therapy refractory haemodynamic instability with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and serum lactate >2.0 mmol/L at implantation. Basic clinical data, indications for mechanical ventricular support, and outcome were obtained in all patients with non-ischaemic as well as ischaemic shock and compared between both groups. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (quartiles). Categorical variables are presented as count and per cent. Twenty-five patients had cardiogenic shock due to non-ischaemic reasons and were compared with 50 patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction. Resuscitation rates before implantation of Impella CP were high (32 vs. 42\%; P = 0.402). At implantation, patients with non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock had lower levels of high-sensitive troponin T (110.65 [57.87-322.1] vs. 1610 [450.8-3861.5] pg/mL; P = 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (377 [279-608] vs. 616 [371.3-1109] U/L; P = 0.007), while age (59 ± 16 vs. 61.7 ± 11; P = 0.401), glomerular filtration rate (43.5 [33.2-59.7] vs. 48 [35.75-69] mL/min; P = 0.290), C-reactive protein (5.17 [3.27-10.26] vs. 10.97 [3.23-17.2] mg/dL; P = 0.195), catecholamine index (30.6 [10.6-116.9] vs. 47.6 [11.7-90] μg/kg/min; P = 0.663), and serum lactate (2.6 [2.2-5.8] vs. 2.9 [1.3-6.6] mmol/L; P = 0.424) were comparable between both groups. There was a trend for longer duration of Impella support in the non-ischaemic groups (5 [2-7.5] vs. 3 [2-5.25] days, P = 0.211). Rates of haemodialysis (52 vs. 47\%; P = 0.680) and transition to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (13.6 vs. 22.2\%; P = 0.521) were comparable. No significant difference was found regarding both 30 day survival (48 vs. 30\%; P = 0.126) and in-hospital mortality (66.7 vs. 74\%; P = 0.512), although there was a trend for better survival in the non-ischaemic group. Conclusions These data suggest that temporary use of the Impella CP device might be a useful therapeutic option for bridge to recovery not only in ischaemic but also in non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock.}, language = {en} }