@phdthesis{Graulich2011,
  author    = {Graulich, Michael},
  title     = {Spinale Effekte von TNF-α am Modell des tumorinduzierten Knochenschmerzes der Maus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54439},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Am Modell des tumorinduzierten Schmerzes der Maus wurden sowohl das Schmerzverhalten der Tiere als auch spezifische morphologische Ver{\"a}nderungen im Hinterhorn des R{\"u}ckenmarks (Aktivierung von Astrozyten) und im tumorbefallenen Knochen analysiert. Durch Analyse von M{\"a}usen mit Defizienz f{\"u}r TNF-Rezeptor 1, TNF-Rezeptor 2 oder f{\"u}r beide Rezeptoren konnte die Rolle von TNF-α seiner Rezeptoren bei der Entstehung von tumorinduziertem Schmerz untersucht werden. Im Unterschied zu neuropathischen Schmerzmodellen konnte gezeigt werden, dass beide TNF-Rezeptoren ausgeschaltet werden m{\"u}ssen, um eine signifikante Schmerzreduktion zu erzielen. Die systemische Behandlung mit dem TNF-neutralisierenden Fusionsprotein Etanercept konnte die im genetischen Modell gezeigte Reduktion der mechanischen Allodynie teilweise, aber nicht vollst{\"a}ndig reproduzieren. Eine Hemmung der Mikrogliaaktivierung mittels Minocyclin erbrachte im Tumor-schmerzmodell keinen Effekt auf das Schmerzverhalten der Tiere. Die histologische Analyse der tumoraffizierten Knochen zeigte eine signifikante Zunahme der Osteoklastenaktivit{\"a}t in tumortragenden Tieren. Die Behandlung mit Minocyclin war ohne erkennbaren Effekt auf die Differenzierung und die Aktivit{\"a}t der Osteoklasten. Es ergaben sich jedoch Hinweise, dass TNF-α einen hemmenden Einfluss auf die Osteoklastenaktivit{\"a}t im Knochentumormodell hat, da sowohl in den TNFR-KO-Tieren als auch unter Gabe von Etanercept eine Steigerung der Osteoklastenaktivit{\"a}t nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass TNF-α eine wichtige Rolle, sowohl in der Entstehung, als auch in der Aufrechterhaltung von tumorinduziertem Schmerz spielt. Hier liegt der Ansatzpunkt f{\"u}r weitere Studien mit dem Ziel, eine spezifische Pharmakotherapie zu entwickeln mit wirksamer TNF-α Blockade auch bei Patienten mit Tumorschmerzen. Nach den Erkenntnissen dieser Arbeit mit Etanercept sollte ein spezielles Augenmerk auf die ZNS-G{\"a}ngigkeit dieser Substanzen gelegt werden und die Gefahr der M{\"o}glichkeit eines vermehrten Tumorwachstum bedacht werden.},
  subject      = {Neuralgie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Hell2019,
  author    = {Hell, Dennis},
  title     = {Development of self-adjusting cytokine neutralizer cells as a closed-loop delivery system of anti-inflammatory biologicals},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175381},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The current treatment strategies for diseases are assessed on the basis of diagnosed phenotypic changes due to an accumulation of asymptomatic events in physiological processes. Since a diagnosis can only be established at advanced stages of the disease, mainly due to insufficient early detection possibilities of physiological disorders, doctors are forced to treat diseases rather than prevent them. Therefore, it is desirable to link future therapeutic interventions to the early detection of physiological changes. So-called sensor-effector systems are designed to recognise disease-specific biomarkers and coordinate the production and delivery of therapeutic factors in an autonomous and automated manner. Such approaches and their development are being researched and promoted by the discipline of synthetic biology, among others. Against this background, this paper focuses on the in vitro design of cytokine-neutralizing sensor-effector cells designed for the potential treatment of recurrent autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. The precise control of inducible gene expression was successfully generated in human cells. At first, a NF-κB-dependent promoter was developed, based on HIV-1 derived DNA-binding motives. The activation of this triggerable promoter was investigated using several inducers including the physiologically important NF-κB inducers tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The activation strength of the NF-κB-triggered promoter was doubled by integrating a non-coding RNA. The latter combined expressed RNA structures, which mimic DNA by double stranded RNAs and have been demonstrated to bind to p50 or p65 by previous publications. The sensitivity was investigated for TNFα and IL-1β. The detection limit and the EC50 values were in in the lower picomolar range. Besides the sensitivity, the reversibility and dynamic of the inducible system were characterized. Hereby a close correlation between pulse times and expression profile was shown. The optimized NF-κB-dependent promoter was then coupled to established TNFα- and IL-1-blocking biologicals to develop sensor-effector systems with anti-inflammatory activity, and thus potential use against autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The biologicals were differentiated between ligand-blocking and receptor-blocking biologicals and different variants were selected: Adalimumab, etanercept and anakinra. The non-coding RNA improved again the activation strength of NF-κB-dependent expressed biologicals, indicating its universal benefit. Furthermore, it was shown that the TNFα-induced expression of NF-κB-regulated TNFα-blocking biologics led to an extracellular negative feedback loop. Interestingly, the integration of the non-coding RNA and this negative feedback loop has increased the dynamics and reversibility of the NF-κB-regulated gene expression. The controllability of drug release can also be extended by the use of inhibitors of classical NF-κB signalling such as TPCA-1. The efficacy of the expressed biologicals was detected through neutralization of the cytokines using different experiments. For future in vivo trials, first alginate encapsulations of the cells were performed. Furthermore, the activation of NF-κB-dependent promoter was demonstrated using co-cultures with human plasma samples or using synovial liquids. With this generated sensor-effector system we have developed self-adjusting cytokine neutralizer cells as a closed-loop delivery system for anit-inflammatory biologics.},
  subject      = {Biologika},
  language  = {en}
}