@article{WertgenRichter2020,
  author    = {Wertgen, Andreas G. and Richter, Tobias},
  title     = {Source credibility modulates the validation of implausible information},
  series = {Memory \& Cognition},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Memory \& Cognition},
  issn      = {0090-502X},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13421-020-01067-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234825},
  pages     = {1359-1375},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Validation of text information as a general mechanism for detecting inconsistent or false information is an integral part of text comprehension. This study examined how the credibility of the information source affects validation processes. Two experiments investigated combined effects of source credibility and plausibility of information during validation with explicit (ratings) and implicit (reading times) measurements. Participants read short stories with a high-credible versus low-credible person that stated a consistent or inconsistent assertion with general world knowledge. Ratings of plausibility and ratings of source credibility were lower when a credible source stated a world-knowledge inconsistent assertion compared with a low-credible source. Reading times on target sentences and on spillover sentences were slower when a credible source stated an assertion inconsistent with world knowledge compared with a low-credible source, suggesting that source information modulated the validation of implausible information. These results show that source credibility modulates validation and suggest a bidirectional relationship of perceived plausibility and source credibility in the reading process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RodriguesUlrichMusseletal.2017,
  author    = {Rodrigues, Johannes and Ulrich, Natalie and Mussel, Patrick and Carlo, Gustavo and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {Measuring prosocial tendencies in Germany: sources of validity and reliablity of the revised prosocial tendency measure},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02119},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159351},
  pages     = {2119},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The prosocial tendencies measure (PTM; Carlo and Randall, 2002) is a widely used measurement for prosocial tendencies in English speaking participants. This instrument distinguishes between six different types of prosocial tendencies that partly share some common basis, but also can be opposed to each other. To examine these constructs in Germany, a study with 1067 participants was conducted. The study investigated the structure of this German version of the PTM-R via exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations with similar constructs in subsamples as well as via measurement invariance test concerning the original English version. The German translation showed a similar factor structure to the English version in exploratory factor analysis and in confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was found between the English and German language versions of the PTM and support for the proposed six-factor structure (altruistic, anonymous, compliant, dire, emotional and public prosocial behavior) was also found in confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, the expected interrelations of these factors of prosocial behavior tendencies were obtained. Finally, correlations of the prosocial behavior tendencies with validating constructs and behaviors were found. Thus, the findings stress the importance of seeing prosocial behavior not as a single dimension construct, but as a factored construct which now can also be assessed in German speaking participants.},
  language  = {en}
}