@phdthesis{Anderson2011,
  author    = {Anderson, Christina},
  title     = {Idiosyncratic Facial Movement in Face Perception and Recognition},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70355},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {It has been proposed that different features of a face provide a source of information for separate perceptual and cognitive processes. Properties of a face that remain rather stable over time, so called invariant facial features, yield information about a face's identity, and changeable aspects of faces transmit information underlying social communication such as emotional expressions and speech movements. While processing of these different face properties was initially claimed to be independent, a growing body of evidence suggests that these sources of information can interact when people recognize faces with whom they are familiar. This is the case because the way a face moves can contain patterns that are characteristic for that specific person, so called idiosyncratic movements. As a face becomes familiar these idiosyncratic movements are learned and hence also provide information serving face identification. While an abundance of experiments has addressed the independence of invariant and variable facial features in face recognition, little is known about the exact nature of the impact idiosyncratic facial movements have on face recognition. Gaining knowledge about the way facial motion contributes to face recognition is, however, important for a deeper understanding of the way the brain processes and recognizes faces. In the following dissertation three experiments are reported that investigate the impact familiarity of changeable facial features has on processes of face recognition. Temporal aspects of the processing of familiar idiosyncratic facial motion were addressed in the first experiment via EEG by investigating the influence familiar facial movement exerts on event-related potentials associated to face processing and face recognition. After being familiarized with a face and its idiosyncratic movement, participants viewed familiar or unfamiliar faces with familiar or unfamiliar facial movement while their brain potentials were recorded. Results showed that familiarity of facial motion influenced later event-related potentials linked to memory processes involved in face recognition. The second experiment used fMRI to investigate the brain areas involved in processing familiar facial movement. Participants' BOLD-signal was registered while they viewed familiar and unfamiliar faces with familiar or unfamiliar idiosyncratic movement. It was found that activity of brain regions, such as the fusiform gyrus, that underlie the processing of face identity, was modulated by familiar facial movement. Together these two experiments provide valuable information about the nature of the involvement of idiosyncratic facial movement in face recognition and have important implications for cognitive and neural models of face perception and recognition. The third experiment addressed the question whether idiosyncratic facial movement could increase individuation in perceiving faces from a different ethnic group and hence reduce impaired recognition of these other-race faces compared to own-race faces, a phenomenon named the own-race bias. European participants viewed European and African faces that were each animated with an idiosyncratic smile while their attention was either directed to the form or the motion of the face. Subsequently recognition memory for these faces was tested. Results showed that the own-race bias was equally present in both attention conditions indicating that idiosyncratic facial movement was not able to reduce or diminish the own-race bias. In combination the here presented experiments provide further insight into the involvement of idiosyncratic facial motion in face recognition. It is necessary to consider the dynamic component of faces when investigating face recognition because static facial images are not able to provide the full range of information that leads to recognition of a face. In order to reflect the full process of face recognition, cognitive and neural models of face perception and recognition need to integrate dynamic facial features as a source of information which contributes to the recognition of a face.},
  subject      = {Gesicht},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bauer2014,
  author    = {Bauer, Andreas Ludwig},
  title     = {Evaluation des Einflusses sagitaler Weichteilparameter hinsichtlich der Attraktivit{\"a}t des Weichteilprofils},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-106591},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Viele der in der kieferorthop{\"a}dischen Therapie verwendeten Messwerte stammen aus methodisch zumindest fragw{\"u}rdigen Quellen. Um diese Werte zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen und den Einfluss einzelner Weichteilparameter auf die Attraktivit{\"a}t des Gesichtsprofils zu untersuchen, wurden von einem Durchschnittsgesicht in der Saggitalen verschiedene Variationen erstellt, wobei pro Bilderreihe jeweils nur ein Parameter ver{\"a}ndert wurde. Zu untersuchende Parameter waren: Die Profiltypen nach AM Schwarz, das Gesichtsh{\"o}henverh{\"a}ltnis nach Kollman, Holdawaywinkel, Z-Winkel (Merrifield), Nasofacialwinkel, Nasolabialwinkel (obere und untere Komponente) sowie die Nasenl{\"a}nge. Die Bilderserien wurden von Probanden hinsichtlich der Attraktivit{\"a}t bewertet und eine statistische Auswertung erstellt. Dabei wurden die nach hinten schiefen Gesichter deutlich besser bewertet als die geraden und nach vorne schiefen Profilverl{\"a}ufe. Ein {\"u}ber die untere Komponente verkleinerter Nasolabialwinkel wurde am besten bewertet. Ein flacheres Lippenprofil wurde im Holdaway- und Z-Winkel tendenziell besser bewertet.},
  subject      = {Attraktivit{\"a}t},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Homola2011,
  author    = {Homola, Gy{\"o}rgy {\´A}d{\´a}m},
  title     = {Functional and Microstructural MRI of the Human Brain Revealing a Cerebral Network Processing the Age of Faces},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56740},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Although age is one of the most salient and fundamental aspects of human faces, its processing in the brain has not yet been studied by any neuroimaging experiment. Automatic assessment of temporal changes across faces is a prerequisite to identifying persons over their life-span, and age per se is of biological and social relevance. Using a combination of evocative face morphs controlled for global optical flow and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we segregate two areas that process changes of facial age in both hemispheres. These areas extend beyond the previously established face-sensitive network and are centered on the posterior inferior temporal sulcus (pITS) and the posterior angular gyrus (pANG), an evolutionarily new formation of the human brain. Using probabilistic tractography and by calculating spatial cross-correlations as well as creating minimum intersection maps between activation and connectivity patterns we demonstrate a hitherto unrecognized link between structure and function in the human brain on the basis of cognitive age processing. According to our results, implicit age processing involves the inferior temporal sulci and is, at the same time, closely tied to quantity decoding by the presumed neural systems devoted to magnitudes in the human parietal lobes. The ventral portion of Wernicke's largely forgotten perpendicular association fasciculus is shown not only to interconnect these two areas but to relate to their activations, i.e. to transmit age-relevant information. In particular, post-hoc age-rating competence is shown to be associated with high response levels in the left angular gyrus. Cortical activation patterns related to changes of facial age differ from those previously elicited by other fixed as well as changeable face aspects such as gender (used for comparison), ethnicity and identity as well as eye gaze or facial expressions. We argue that this may be due to the fact that individual changes of facial age occur ontogenetically, unlike the instant changes of gaze direction or expressive content in faces that can be "mirrored" and require constant cognitive monitoring to follow. Discussing the ample evidence for distinct representations of quantitative age as opposed to categorical gender varied over continuous androgyny levels, we suggest that particular face-sensitive regions interact with additional object-unselective quantification modules to obtain individual estimates of facial age.},
  subject      = {Gesicht},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Huestegge2019,
  author    = {Huestegge, Sujata Maya},
  title     = {Cognitive mechanisms of voice processing},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18608},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186086},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The present thesis addresses cognitive processing of voice information. Based on general theoretical concepts regarding mental processes it will differentiate between modular, abstract information processing approaches to cognition and interactive, embodied ideas of mental processing. These general concepts will then be transferred to the context of processing voice-related information in the context of parallel face-related processing streams. One central issue here is whether and to what extent cognitive voice processing can occur independently, that is, encapsulated from the simultaneous processing of visual person-related information (and vice versa). In Study 1 (Huestegge \& Raettig, in press), participants are presented with audio-visual stimuli displaying faces uttering digits. Audiovisual gender congruency was manipulated: There were male and female faces, each uttering digits with either a male or female voice (all stimuli were AV- synchronized). Participants were asked to categorize the gender of either the face or the voice by pressing one of two keys in each trial. A central result was that audio-visual gender congruency affected performance: Incongruent stimuli were categorized slower and more error-prone, suggesting a strong cross-modal interaction of the underlying visual and auditory processing routes. Additionally, the effect of incongruent visual information on auditory classification was stronger than the effect of incongruent auditory information on visual categorization, suggesting visual dominance over auditory processing in the context of gender classification. A gender congruency effect was also present under high cognitive load. Study 2 (Huestegge, Raettig, \& Huestegge, in press) utilized the same (gender-congruent and -incongruent) stimuli, but different tasks for the participants, namely categorizing the spoken digits (into odd/even or smaller/larger than 5). This should effectively direct attention away from gender information, which was no longer task-relevant. Nevertheless, congruency effects were still observed in this study. This suggests a relatively automatic processing of cross-modal gender information, which eventually affects basic speech-based information processing. Study 3 (Huestegge, subm.) focused on the ability of participants to match unfamiliar voices to (either static or dynamic) faces. One result was that participants were indeed able to match voices to faces. Moreover, there was no evidence for any performance increase when dynamic (vs. mere static) faces had to be matched to concurrent voices. The results support the idea that common person-related source information affects both vocal and facial features, and implicit corresponding knowledge appears to be used by participants to successfully complete face-voice matching. Taken together, the three studies (Huestegge, subm.; Huestegge \& Raettig, in press; Huestegge et al., in press) provided information to further develop current theories of voice processing (in the context of face processing). On a general level, the results of all three studies are not in line with an abstract, modular view of cognition, but rather lend further support to interactive, embodied accounts of mental processing.},
  subject      = {Stimme},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Karl2019,
  author    = {Karl, Christian},
  title     = {Kontextuelle und differentielle Einfl{\"u}sse auf die neurophysiologische Verarbeitung w{\"u}tender und neutraler Gesichter},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18306},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-183067},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In dieser EEG Untersuchung wurde der Einfluss von zuvor pr{\"a}sentierten Abfolgen w{\"u}tender und neutraler Gesichtsausdr{\"u}cke auf die neurokognitive Verarbeitung eines aktuell wahrgenommenen Gesichts unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des modulierenden Effekts der individuellen {\"A}ngstlichkeit, sowie eines sozial stressenden Kontextes und einer erh{\"o}hten kognitiven Auslastung erforscht. Die Ergebnisse lieferten bereits auf der Ebene der basalen visuellen Gesichtsanalyse Belege f{\"u}r eine parallele Verarbeitung und Integration von strukturellen und emotionalen Gesichtsinformationen. Zudem konnte schon in dieser fr{\"u}hen Phase ein genereller kontextueller Einfluss von Gesichtssequenzen auf die kognitive Gesichtsverarbeitung nachgewiesen werden, welcher sogar in sp{\"a}teren Phasen der kognitiven Verarbeitung noch zunahm. Damit konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die zeitliche Integration, d.h. die spezifische Abfolge wahrgenommener Gesichter eine wichtige Rolle f{\"u}r die kognitive Evaluation des aktuell perzipierten Gesichtes spielt. Diese Ergebnisse wurden zudem in einer Revision des Gesichtsverarbeitungsmodells von Haxby und Kollegen verordnet und in einer sLORETA Analyse dargestellt. Die Befunde zur individuellen {\"A}ngstlichkeit und kognitiven Auslastung best{\"a}tigten außerdem die Attentional Control Theorie und das Dual Mechanisms of Control Modell.},
  subject      = {Visuelle Wahrnehmung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Strnad2010,
  author    = {Strnad, Friederike},
  title     = {3D-Weichteilanalyse - sagittale Parameter},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52917},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Entwicklung einer reliablen dreidimensionalen (3D) Analyse der Gesichtsweichteile. Es sollten sagittale 3D-Durchschnittswerte bestimmt werden und Beziehungen zwischen sagittalen skelettalen Parametern und digital erfassten 3D-Weichteilparametern dargestellt werden.},
  subject      = {Gesicht},
  language  = {de}
}