@article{WieberFetzerKremlingReithetal.1987,
  author    = {Wieber, Markus and Fetzer-Kremling, Isa and Reith, Hildegard and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Synthese und Struktur von Phenyltetra(acetato)stiboran},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47137},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WieberLangRohseetal.1994,
  author    = {Wieber, Markus and Lang, Stefan and Rohse, Stefan and Habersack, Ralph and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Triphenyltelluroniumsulfid},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47151},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Projahn2005,
  author    = {Projahn, Holger},
  title     = {Synthese, Stereochemie und pharmakologische Charakterisierung von 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan Derivaten als selektive kappa-Agonisten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14072},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Synthese von verschiedenen bicyclischen Substanzklassen gem{\"a}ß des folgenden Syntheseschemas beschrieben. Es wurden verschiedene 2,4-di-(2-pyridyl)- oder 2,4-di-(3-fluorphenyl)-substituierte 9-Oxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-1,5-dicarbons{\"a}urediester (9-Oxo-BNDS: 21-25, 27-55) synthetisiert, welche 1. teilweise als Vorstufen zur Synthese von 1,5-Di-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-olen (Triole: 56-65) eingesetzt wurden, 2. teilweise als Vorstufen zur Synthese von 9-Hydroxy-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-1,5-dicarbons{\"a}uredimethylestern (9-OH-BNDS: 66-69) verwendet wurden, die ihrerseits zu 9-O-Acyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-1,5-dicarbons{\"a}uredimethylestern (9-OAc-BNDS: 70-76) umgesetzt wurden oder 3. als Vorstufe zur Synthese der 9-Oxo-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-1,5-dicarbons{\"a}ure 26 dienten. Die 9-Oxo-BNDS wurden aus den kommerziell erh{\"a}ltlichen Aceton-1,3-dicarbons{\"a}uredimethyl- (ADS-Me), -ethylester (ADS-Et) oder den ADS 1-3 synthetisiert, die ihrerseits ausgehend von ADS-Me und den entsprechenden Alkoholen durch Umesterung hervorgehen. Die ADS wurden durch eine Mannich-Kondensation mit zwei {\"A}quivalenten eines aromatischen Aldehyds und einem {\"A}quivalent eines prim{\"a}ren Amins in MeOH zu den entsprechenden 4-Piperidon-3,5-dicarbons{\"a}ureestern (PDS: 4-20) umgesetzt, die wiederum ebenfalls durch eine Mannich-Kondensation mit zwei {\"A}quivalenten Formaldehyd und einem {\"A}quivalent eines prim{\"a}ren Amins in THF oder Aceton zu den entsprechenden 9-Oxo-BNDS reagieren. Dieser Syntheseschritt wurde hinsichtlich Ausbeute, Vereinfachung und Beschleunigung der Aufarbeitung optimiert. Die Stereochemie der so erhaltenen 9-Oxo-BNDS, die in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Substitutionsmuster als cis- oder trans-Isomere entstehen, konnte mittels NMR-Spektroskopie aufgekl{\"a}rt werden. Der 1,5-Dibenzylester 25 konnte durch katalytische Hydrierung mit Pd/C als Katalysator in EtOAc zur freien 1,5-Dicarbons{\"a}ure 26 umgesetzt werden. Die Triole 56-62 wurden ausgehend von den 9-Oxo-BNDS HZ2, 3FLB, 21-24, 28, 33 in einer Eintopfsynthese mittels NaBH4 in THF/MeOH durch Reduktion hergestellt. Die N3- und/oder N7-benzyl-substituierten Triole 57-59 wurden mittels katalytischer Hydrierung mit Pd/C als Katalysator in MeOH zu den entsprechenden NH-substituierten Triolen 63-65 umgesetzt. Mit Hilfe von selektiven 1D-NOESY-Messungen konnte die Stereochemie der Triole bez{\"u}glich der Stellung der Hydroxygruppe an C9 zugeordnet werden. Die 9-OH-BNDS 66-69 wurden durch Reduktion der entsprechenden 9-Oxo-BNDS HZ2, 3FLB, 32, 33 mit Na(CN)BH3 in MeOH synthetisiert. Die Reduktion verl{\"a}uft nicht stereoselektiv, sodass die dabei entstehenden 9-OH-BNDS als Diastereomerengemische durch syn/anti-Isomerie der C9-OH-Gruppe anfallen. Das Diastereomerengemisch 66 konnte durch pr{\"a}parative S{\"a}ulenchromatographie in die beiden reinen Isomere 66a (anti) und 66b (syn) getrennt werden. Das Gemisch 67 konnte durch Entwicklung einer HPLC-Methode und anschließender {\"U}bertragung auf ein Flashchromatographiesystem pr{\"a}parativ in die diastereomerenreinen Isomere 67a (anti) und 67b (syn) getrennt werden. Die stereochemische Zuordnung der Konfiguration an C9 wurde durch selektive 1D-NOESY-Messungen erreicht. Die Synthese der 9-OAc-BNDS 70-76 erfolgte durch Umsetzen des entsprechenden 9-OH-BNDS 66a, 67a, 67-69 mit einer {\"a}quimolaren Menge eines entsprechenden Carbons{\"a}urechlorids und DBU als Hilfsbase in CHCl3. Im Fall der Synthese von Verbindung 76 musste das eingesetzte Decanoylchlorid mit Zinkstaub aktiviert werden. Die Zuordnung der Stereochemie der so erhaltenen Verbindungen basiert auf selektiven 1D-NOESY-Messungen. Die Verbindungen 25-27, 31, 56, 60, 63-66, 66a/b, 67, 67a/b, 70a, 71, 71a wurden auf pharmakologische Affinit{\"a}t zum kappa-Opioidrezeptor (OR) untersucht. Dadurch konnten die Verbindungen 71, 71a und 67a/b als hochaffine Liganden des kappa-OR identifizert werden. Durch die qualitative Analyse der Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen, die auf dem Vergleich der pharmakologischen Daten dieser Arbeit und vorangegangener Arbeiten basiert, konnten folgende Anforderungen an selektive Liganden des kappa-OR mit 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-Grundger{\"u}st ermittelt werden: 1. Das Grundger{\"u}st sollte an Position 2/4 mit 2-Pyridylresten substituiert sein. 2. An Position N3 und N7 d{\"u}rfen keine Substituenten angebracht sein, die gr{\"o}ßer als ein Methylrest sind. 3. Das Molek{\"u}l sollte an Position 1/5 mit Methylestergruppen versehen sein. 4. Der 3,7-Diazabicyclus kann an Position 9 eine -OH, -OAc oder m{\"o}glicher-weise auch entsprechende, sterisch anspruchsvollere Funktionen besitzen. 5. Die Stellung des Substituenten an Position 9 sollte vorzugsweise anti-konfiguriert sein, bezogen auf den h{\"o}her substituierten Piperidinring.},
  subject      = {Opioide},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schmidt2008,
  author    = {Schmidt, Johann},
  title     = {Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckengesteuerte Ausrichtung von Merocyaninfarbstoffen f{\"u}r photorefraktive Materialien},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27156},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Merocyaninchromophore spielen eine herausragende Rolle bei der Entwicklung von photorefraktiven Materialien f{\"u}r Anwendungen in der Holographie. Der photorefraktive Effekt beruht auf einer Orientierung der dipolaren Merocyanine in einem elektrischen Feld. Diese k{\"o}nnen umso effektiver ausgerichtet werden, je gr{\"o}ßer ihr Dipolmoment ist. Folglich sollten Merocyanine mit sehr großen Dipolmomenten den gew{\"u}nschten Effekt hervorbringen. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass solche Merocyanine Dimere mit antiparalleler zentrosymmetrischer Struktur bilden. In dieser Anordnung addieren sich die Dipolmomente destruktiv, so dass die dipolare Eigenschaft des Materials verloren geht. In dieser Arbeit ist es gelungen, Merocyanine {\"u}ber sechsfache Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungen zu supramolekularen Strukturen mit großen resultierenden Dipolmomenten zu assoziieren. Diese Komplexe werden in schwach polaren L{\"o}sungsmitteln sogar bei sehr niedrigen Farbstoffkonzentrationen gebildet.},
  subject      = {Merocyanine},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DarwishAttia2012,
  author    = {Darwish, Hany W. and Attia, Mohamed I.},
  title     = {New spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of melatonin in the presence of N-{2-[1-({3-[2-(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl}methyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl]- ethyl}acetamide: a contaminant in commercial melatonin preparations},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78234},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Melatonin (MLT) has many health implications, therefore it is of valuable importance to develop specific analytical methods for determination of MLT in the presence of its main contaminant, N-{2-[1-({3-[2-(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl}methyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl}acetamide (10). For development of these analytical methods, compound 10 had to be prepared in an adequate amount. Results: Compound 10 was synthesized in six steps starting from 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (1). Analytical performance of the proposed spectrofluorimetric methods was statistically validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the assay of MLT in laboratory prepared mixtures containing up to 60 \% of compound 10 and in commercial MLT tablets with recoveries not less than 99.00 \%. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical additives and the results were favorably compared with those obtained by a reference method. Conclusions: This work describes simple, sensitive, and reliable second derivative spectrofluorimetric method in addition to two multivariate calibration methods, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS), for the determination of MLT in the presence of compound 10.},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kesetovic2016,
  author    = {Kesetovic, Diana},
  title     = {Synthesis and biological testing of potential anti-tuberculosis drugs targeting the β-ketoacyl ACP synthase},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131301},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {With 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths in 2014, tuberculosis (TB) is alongside with AIDS the most deadly infection.‎ Foremost, the increased prevalence of resistant strains of M. tuberculosis among the TB-infected population represents a serious thread. Hence, in the last decades, novel drug targets have been investigated worldwide. So far a relatively unexplored target is the cell wall enzyme β-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase "KasA", which plays a crucial role in maintaining the membrane impermeability and hence the cell ability to resist to the immune response and drug therapy. KasA is a key enzyme in the fatty acid synthase "FAS-II" elongation cycle, responsible for the extension of the growing acyl chain within the biosynthesis of precursors for the most hydrophobic constituents of the cell wall - mycolic acids. Design of the novel KasA inhibitors, performed in the research group of Prof. Sotriffer by C. Topf and B. Schaefer, was based on the recently published crystal structure of KasA‎ in complex with its known inhibitor thiolactomycin (TLM). Considering the essential ligand-enzyme interactions, a pharmacophore model was built and applied in the virtual screening of a modified ZINC database. Selected hits with the best in silico affinity data have been reported by Topf‎ and Schaefer‎. In this work, two of the obtained hits were synthesized and their structure was systematically varied. First, a virtual screening hit, chromone-2-carboxamide derivative GS-71, was modified in the amide part. Since the most of the products possessed a very low solubility in the aqueous buffer medium used in biological assays, polar groups (nitro, succinamidyl and trimethyl-amino substituent in position 6 of the chromone ring or hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in the amide part have been inserted to the molecule. Further variations yielded diaryl ketones, diaryl ketone bearing a succinamidyl substituent, carboxamide bearing a methylpiperazinyl-4-oxobutanamido group and methyl-malonyl ester amides. Basically, the essential structural features necessary for the ligand-enzyme interactions have been maintained. The latter virtual screening hit, a pyrimidinone derivative VS-8‎ was synthesized and the structure was modified by substitution in positions 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the pyrimidine ring. Due to autofluorescence, detected in most of the products, this model structure was not further varied. Simultaneously, experiments on solubilization of the first chromone-2-carboxamides with cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosacharides known to form water-soluble inclusion complexes, were performed. Although the assessed solubility of the chromone 3b/DIMEB (1:3) mixture exceeded 14-fold the intrinsic one, the achieved 100 µM solubility was still not sufficient to be used as a stock solution in the binding assay. The experiments with cyclodextrin in combination with DMSO were ineffective. Owing to high material costs necessary for the appropriate cyclodextrin amounts, the aim focused on structural modification of the hydrophobic products. Precise structural data have been obtained from the solved crystal structures of three chromone derivatives: the screening hit GS-71 (3b), its trimethylammonium salt (18) and 6-nitro-substituted N-benzyl-N-methyl-chromone-2-carboxamide (9i). The first two compounds are nearly planar with an anti-/trans-rotamer configuration. In the latter structure, the carboxamide bridge is bent out of the chromone plane, showing an anti-rotamer, too. Considering the relatively low partition coefficient of compound 3b (cLogP = 2.32), the compound planarity and correlating tight molecular packing might be the factors significantly affecting its poor solubility. Regarding the biological results of the chromone-based compounds, similar structure-activity correlations could be drawn from the binding assay and the whole cell activity testing on M. tuberculosis. In both cases, the introduction of a nitro group to position 6 of the chromone ring and the presence of a flexible substituent in the amide part showed a positive effect. In the binding study, the nitro group at position 4 on the N-benzyl residue was of advantage, too. The highest enzyme affinity was observed for N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-chromone-2-carboxamide 4c (KD = 34 µM), 6-nitro substituted N-benzyl-chromone-2-carboxamide 9g (KD = 40 µM) and 6‑nitro-substituted N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-chromone-2-carboxamide 9j (KD = 31 µM), which could not be attributed to the fluorescence quenching potential of the nitro group. The assay interference potential of chromones, due to a covalent binding on the enzyme sulfhydryl groups, was found to be negligible at the assay conditions. Moderate in vivo activity was detected for 6‑nitro-substituted N-benzyl-chromone-2-carboxamide 9g and its N-benzyl-N-methyl-, N‑furylmethyl-, N-cyclohexyl- and N-cyclohexylmethyl derivatives 9i, 9d, 9e, 9f, for which MIC values 20 - 40 µM were assessed. Cytotoxicity was increased in the N‑cyclohexylmethyl derivative only. None of the pyrimidine-based compounds showed activity in vivo. The affinity of the model structure, VS-8, surpassed with KD = 97 µM the assessed affinity of TLM (KD = 142 µM). Since for the model chromone compound GS-71 no reliable KasA binding data could be obtained, a newly synthesized chromone derivative 9i was docked into the KasA binding site, in order to derive correlation between the in silico and in vitro assessed affinity. For the 6‑nitro-derivative 9i a moderate in vivo activity on M. tuberculosis was obtained. The in silico predicted pKi values for TLM and 9i were higher than the corresponding in vitro results, maintaining though a similar tendency, i.e., the both affinity values for compound 9i (pKi predicted = 6.64, pKD experimental = 4.02) surpassed those obtained for TLM (pKi predicted = 5.27, pKD experimental = 3.84). Nevertheless, the experimental pKD values are considered preliminary results. The binding assay method has been improved in order to acquire more accurate data. Owing to the method development, limited enzyme batches and solubility issues, only selected compounds could be evaluated. The best hits, together with the compounds active on the whole cells of M. tuberculosis, will be submitted to the kinetic enzyme assay, in order to confirm the TLM-like binding mechanism. Regarding the in vivo testing results, no correlations could be drawn between the predicted membrane permeability values and the experimental data, as for the most active compounds 9e and 9f, a very low permeability was anticipated (0.4 and 0.7 \%, respectively). Further biological tests would be required to investigate the action- or transport mode.},
  subject      = {Tuberkelbakterium},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Weinmann2023,
  author    = {Weinmann, Joshua},
  title     = {Chemical Modifications of Quinolone Amides Against African Trypanosomiasis: Balancing Solubility, Bioactivity, and Cytotoxicity},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-29659},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296599},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, which is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. An untreated infection leads to death. However, only a few drugs with significant drawbacks are currently available for treatment. In this thesis, quinolone amides with an antitrypanosomal activity were synthesized and their biological and physicochemical properties were measured. New structure-activity relationships and a promising lead structure were discovered.},
  subject      = {Trypanosomiase},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Masota2023,
  author    = {Masota, Nelson Enos},
  title     = {The Search for Novel Effective Agents Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-30263},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-302632},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {This thesis aimed at searching for new effective agents against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This is necessitated by the urgent need for new and innovative antibacterial agents addressing the critical priority pathogens prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among the available means for antibiotics discovery and development, nature has long remained a proven, innovative, and highly reliable gateway to successful antibacterial agents. Nevertheless, numerous challenges surrounding this valuable source of antibiotics among other drugs are limiting the complete realization of its potential. These include the availability of good quality data on the highly potential natural sources, limitations in methods to prepare and screen crude extracts, bottlenecks in reproducing biological potentials observed in natural sources, as well as hurdles in isolation, purification, and characterization of natural compounds with diverse structural complexities. Through an extensive review of the literature, it was possible to prepare libraries of plant species and phytochemicals with reported high potentials against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumnoniae. The libraries were profiled to highlight the existing patterns and relationships between the reported antibacterial activities and studied plants' families and parts, the type of the extracting solvent, as well as phytochemicals' classes, drug-likeness and selected parameters for enhanced accumulation within the Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, motivations, objectives, the role of traditional practices and other crucial experimental aspects in the screening of plant extracts for antibacterial activities were identified and discussed. Based on the implemented strict inclusion criteria, the created libraries grant speedy access to well-evaluated plant species and phytochemicals with potential antibacterial activities. This way, further studies in yet unexplored directions can be pursued from the indicated or related species and compounds. Moreover, the availability of compound libraries focusing on related bacterial species serves a great role in the ongoing efforts to develop the rules of antibiotics penetrability and accumulation, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. Here, in addition to hunting for potential scaffolds from such libraries, detailed evaluations of large pool compounds with related antibacterial potential can grant a better understanding of structural features crucial for their penetration and accumulation. Based on the scarcity of compounds with broad structural diversity and activity against Gram-negative bacteria, the creation and updating of such libraries remain a laborious but important undertaking. A Pressurized Microwave Assisted Extraction (PMAE) method over a short duration and low-temperature conditions was developed and compared to the conventional cold maceration over a prolonged duration. This method aimed at addressing the key challenges associated with conventional extraction methods which require long extraction durations, and use more energy and solvents, in addition to larger quantities of plant materials. Furthermore, the method was intended to replace the common use of high temperatures in most of the current MAE applications. Interestingly, the yields of 16 of 18 plant samples under PMAE over 30 minutes were found to be within 91-139\% of those obtained from the 24h extraction by maceration. Additionally, different levels of selectivity were observed upon an analytical comparison of the extracts obtained from the two methods. Although each method indicated selective extraction of higher quantities or additional types of certain phytochemicals, a slightly larger number of additional compounds were observed under maceration. The use of this method allows efficient extraction of a large number of samples while sparing heat-sensitive compounds and minimizing chances for cross-reactions between phytochemicals. Moreover, findings from another investigation highlighted the low likelihood of reproducing antibacterial activities previously reported among various plant species, identified the key drivers of poor reproducibility, and proposed possible measures to mitigate the challenge. The majority of extracts showed no activities up to the highest tested concentration of 1024 µg/mL. In the case of identical plant species, some activities were observed only in 15\% of the extracts, in which the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were 4 - 16-fold higher than those in previous reports. Evaluation of related plant species indicated better outcomes, whereby about 18\% of the extracts showed activities in a range of 128-512 μg/mL, some of the activities being superior to those previously reported in related species. Furthermore, solubilizing plant crude extracts during the preparation of test solutions for Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing (AST) assays was outlined as a key challenge. In trying to address this challenge, some studies have used bacteria-toxic solvents or generally unacceptable concentrations of common solubilizing agents. Both approaches are liable to give false positive results. In line with this challenge, this study has underscored the suitability of acetone in the solubilization of crude plant extracts. Using acetone, better solubility profiles of crude plant extracts were observed compared to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at up to 10 \%v/v. Based on lacking toxicity against many bacteria species at up to 25 \%v/v, its use in the solubilization of poorly water-soluble extracts, particularly those from less polar solvents is advocated. In a subsequent study, four galloylglucoses were isolated from the leaves of Paeonia officinalis L., whereby the isolation of three of them from this source was reported for the first time. The isolation and characterization of these compounds were driven by the crucial need to continually fill the pre-clinical antibiotics pipeline using all available means. Application of the bioautography-guided isolation and a matrix of extractive, chromatographic, spectroscopic, and spectrometric techniques enabled the isolation of the compounds at high purity levels and the ascertainment of their chemical structures. Further, the compounds exhibited the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) in a range of 2-256 µg/mL against Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli and K. pneumonia exhibiting diverse MDR phenotypes. In that, the antibacterial activities of three of the isolated compounds were reported for the first time. The observed in vitro activities of the compounds resonated with their in vivo potentials as determined using the Galleria mellonella larvae model. Additionally, the susceptibility of the MDR bacteria to the galloylglucoses was noted to vary depending on the nature of the resistance enzymes expressed by the MDR bacteria. In that, the bacteria expressing enzymes with higher content of aromatic amino acids and zero or positive net charges were generally more susceptible. Following these findings, a plausible hypothesis for the observed patterns was put forward. The generally challenging pharmacokinetic properties of galloylglucoses limit their further development into therapeutic agents. However, the compounds can replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock keeping as well as in the treatment of septic wounds and topical or oral cavity infections, among other potential uses. Using nature-inspired approaches, a series of glucovanillin derivatives were prepared following feasible synthetic pathways which in most cases ensured good yields and high purity levels. Some of the prepared compounds showed MIC values in a range of 128 - 512 μg/mL against susceptible and MDR strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). These findings emphasize the previously reported essence of small molecular size, the presence of protonatable amino groups and halogen atoms, as well as an amphiphilic character, as crucial features for potential antibacterial agents. Due to the experienced limited success in the search for new antibacterial agents using purely synthetic means, pursuing semi-synthetic approaches as employed in this study are highly encouraged. This way, it is possible to explore broader chemical spaces around natural scaffolds while addressing their inherent limitations such as solubility, toxicity, and poor pharmacokinetic profiles.},
  subject      = {Enterobacteriaceae},
  language  = {en}
}