@phdthesis{Nguyen2015,
  author    = {Nguyen, Thanh Nam},
  title     = {A model system for carbohydrates interactions on single-crystalline Ru surfaces},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111485},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {In this thesis, I present a model system for carbohydrate interactions with single-crystalline Ru surfaces. Geometric and electronic properties of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on top of graphene on hexagonal Ru(0001), rectangular Ru(10-10) and vicinal Ru(1,1,-2,10) surfaces have been studied. First, the Fermi surfaces and band structures of the three Ru surfaces were investigated by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The experimental data and theoretical calculations allow to derive detailed information about the momentum-resolved electronic structure. The results can be used as a reference to understand the chemical and catalytic properties of Ru surfaces. Second, graphene layers were prepared on the three different Ru surfaces. Using low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy, it was found that graphene can be grown in well-ordered structures on all three surfaces, hexagonal Ru(0001), rectangular Ru(10-10) and vicinal Ru(1,1,-2,10), although they have different surface symmetries. Evidence for a strong interaction between graphene and Ru surfaces is a 1.3-1.7e V increase in the graphene pi-bands binding energy with respect to free-standing graphene sheets. This energy variation is due to the hybridization between the graphene pi bands and the Ru 4d electrons, while the lattice mismatch does not play an important role in the bonding between graphene and Ru surfaces. Finally, the geometric and electronic structures of CuPc on Ru(10-10), graphene/Ru(10-10), and graphene/Ru(0001) have been studied in detail. CuPc molecules can be grown well-ordered on Ru(10-10) but not on Ru(0001). The growth of CuPc on graphene/Ru(10-10) and Ru(0001) is dominated by the Moire pattern of graphene. CuPc molecules form well-ordered structures with rectangular unit cells on graphene/Ru(10-10) and Ru(0001). The distance of adjacent CuPc molecules is 1.5 and 1.3 nm on graphene/Ru(0001) and 1.54 and 1.37 nm on graphene/Ru(10-10). This indicates that the molecule-substrate interaction dominates over the intermolecular interaction for CuPc molecules on graphene/Ru(10-10) and graphene/Ru(0001).},
  subject      = {Ruthenium},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Auerswald2014,
  author    = {Auerswald, Johannes},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Synthese aromatisch anellierter Pyracene und Pyracylene},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110815},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Synthese geeigneter Modellsysteme f{\"u}r die Untersuchung gekr{\"u}mmter Graphenfragmente. Daf{\"u}r bot sich die Synthese von substituierten Pyracylenen an. Diese sollten in eine Aromatensph{\"a}re eingebunden sein, um so den Einfluss der Graphenumgebung zu simulieren. Ein geeignetes einfaches Untersuchungsobjekt stellt das Bisbenzo[d,j]pyracylen/ Dicyclopenta[fg,op]tetracen (10) dar. Auch die Einbettung in gr{\"o}ßere „Nanographene" ist ein lohnendes Syntheseziel zur Untersuchung von Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen. Gegebenenfalls kann nach erfolgreicher Darstellung auch das Auftreten der Stone-Wales-Umlagerung untersucht werden. Das heißt, die Systeme sollen mit Hilfe der FVP auf ihr Verm{\"o}gen zur Kohlenstoffger{\"u}stumlagerung untersucht werden. Die folgende Abbildung zeigt die Zielmolek{\"u}le und m{\"o}gliche Stone-Wales-Umlagerung. ...},
  subject      = {Kohlenwasserstoffe},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kirchwehm2013,
  author    = {Kirchwehm, Yvonne},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Synthese aromatisch anellierter Triquinacene},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85088},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit wurde ein geeigneter Zugang zu TBTQ-Derivaten erarbeitet, der eine paarweise Funktionalisierung der aromatischen Positionen in direkter Nachbarschaft zum Triquinacen-Kern zul{\"a}sst. Hierf{\"u}r wurde sowohl die doppelte Cyclodehydratisierungsroute als auch die dreifache Cyclisierungsvariante zur Darstellung von Tribenzotriquinacenen dahingehend modifiziert, dass die Einf{\"u}hrung der „ortho"-Substituenten bereits zu Beginn der Synthese mit den Edukten erfolgte, da eine nachtr{\"a}gliche Funktionalisierung der gew{\"u}nschten Positionen am TBTQ aufgrund sterischer Faktoren nicht m{\"o}glich ist. Es wurden unter anderem die ersten literaturbekannten „ortho"-substituierten TBTQ-Derivate erhalten und vollst{\"a}ndig charakterisiert. Zur Erweiterung des aromatischen Systems wurden außerdem Benzodiphenanthrenotriquinacen-Vorstufen synthetisiert, die im Falle der doppelten Cyclodehydratisierungsroute Acenapthylen-Derivate lieferten. Benzodiphenanthrenotriquinacen konnte mit Hilfe der dreifachen Cyclisierungsvariante synthetisiert werden. Die Zielmolek{\"u}le sollen als Vorstufen f{\"u}r {\"u}berbr{\"u}ckte aromatisch anellierte Triquinacene dienen.},
  subject      = {Triquinacenderivate},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Naehle2011,
  author    = {N{\"a}hle, Lars},
  title     = {Monomodige und weit abstimmbare Halbleiterlaser im GaSb-Materialsystem im Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich von 3,0 - 3,4 μm},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70538},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Ein Ziel der Arbeit war die Entwicklung spektral monomodiger DFB-Lasern im Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich von 3,0-3,4µm. Diese sollten auf spezielle Anwendungen in der Absorptionsspektroskopie an Kohlenwasserstoffen gezielt angepasst werden. Hierf{\"u}r wurden zwei auf GaSb-Material basierende Lasertypen untersucht - Interbandkaskadenlaser (ICL) und Diodenlaser mit quin{\"a}ren AlGaInAsSb-Barrieren- und Wellenleiter-Schichten. F{\"u}r das ICL-Material wurde ein DFB-Prozess basierend auf vertikalen Seitengittern entwickelt. Dieser Ansatz erm{\"o}glichte monomodigen Laserbetrieb bei Realisierung der Laser mit Kopplungsgitter in nur einem {\"A}tzschritt und ohne epitaktischen {\"U}berwachstumsschritt. Maximal m{\"o}gliche Betriebstemperaturen von ~0°C f{\"u}r die auf dem verf{\"u}gbaren epitaktischen Material entwickelten Laser wurden bestimmt. Eine Diskussion der thermischen Eigenschaften der Laser deckte Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die Limitierung der Betriebstemperatur auf. M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Optimierung der Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit und Steigerung der Betriebstemperatur beim ICL-Ansatz wurden hierauf basierend vorgestellt. Als kritischster Parameter wurde hier die epitaxiebestimmte Temperaturstabilit{\"a}t der Laserschwelle ausgemacht. Weitere Entwicklungen umfassten die Herstellung von DFB-Lasern mit dem erw{\"a}hnten Diodenlasermaterial mit quin{\"a}ren Barrieren. Es kam eine Prozessierung der Bauteile ohne {\"U}berwachstum unter Verwendung von lateralen Metallgittern zur Modenselektion zum Einsatz. Die Bestimmung optischer Parameter zur Entwicklung von Lasern mit guter DFB-Ausbeute wurde f{\"u}r das Epitaxiematerial mit quin{\"a}ren Barrieren >3,0µm von Wellenleiter-Simulationen unterst{\"u}tzt. Die Definition der Gitterstrukturen wurde auf niedrige Absorptionsverluste optimiert. So hergestellte Laser zeigten exzellente Eigenschaften mit maximalen Betriebstemperaturen im Dauerstrichbetrieb von >50°C und spektral monomodiger Emission um 2,95µm mit Seitenmodenunterdr{\"u}ckungen (SMSR) bis 50dB. Diesem Konzept entsprechend wurden DFB-Laser speziell f{\"u}r die Acetylen-Detektion bei Wellenl{\"a}ngen von 3,03µm und 3,06µm entwickelt. Die f{\"u}r ~3,0µm entwickelte und erfolgreich angewendete DFB-Prozessierung wurde daraufhin auf den Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich bis 3,4µm angepasst. Ein Prozesslauf mit verbesserter W{\"a}rmeabfuhr, ohne die Verwendung eines Polymers, wurde entwickelt. Es konnten DFB-Laser hergestellt werden, die fast den gesamten Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich von 3,3-3,4µm abdeckten. Maximale Betriebstemperaturen dieser Laser lagen bei >20°C in Dauerstrichbetrieb bei ausgezeichneten spektralen Eigenschaften (SMSR 45dB). Spezielle Bauteile im Bereich 3,34-3,38µm, u.a. f{\"u}r die Detektion von Methan, Ethan und Propan, wurden entwickelt. Die in dieser Arbeit auf Diodenlasermaterial mit quin{\"a}ren Barrieren entwickelten DFB-Laser definieren f{\"u}r den gesamten Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich von 2,8-3,4µm den aktuellen Stand der Technik f{\"u}r monomodige Laseremission durch direkte strahlende {\"U}berg{\"a}nge. Sie stellen außerdem f{\"u}r den Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich von 3,02-3,41µm die einzigen ver{\"o}ffentlichten DFB-Laser in cw-Betrieb bei Raumtemperatur dar. Eine maximale monomodige Emissionswellenl{\"a}nge f{\"u}r Diodenlaser von 3412,1nm wurde erreicht. Ein weiteres Ziel der Arbeit war die Entwicklung weit abstimmbarer Laser von 3,3-3,4µm zur Erm{\"o}glichung erweiterter Anwendungen in der Kohlenwasserstoff-Gassensorik. Hierf{\"u}r wurde ein Konzept zweisegmentiger Laser mit bin{\"a}ren, {\"u}berlagerten Gittern verwendet. F{\"u}r diese sogenannten BSG-Laser konnte durch Simulationen unterst{\"u}tzt der Einfluss des kritischen Parameters der Phase der Bragg-Moden an den Facetten untersucht werden. Ein dementsprechend phasenoptimiertes Design der Gitterstrukturen wurde in den Segmenten der Laser angewendet. Simulationen des Durchstimmverhaltens der Laser wurden diskutiert und Einsch{\"a}tzungen {\"u}ber das reale Verhalten in hergestellten Bauteilen gegeben. Die entwickelten Laser wiesen Emission in bis zu vier ansteuerbaren, monomodigen Wellenl{\"a}ngenkan{\"a}len auf. Sie zeigten ein den Simulationen entsprechendes, sehr gutes Durchstimmverhalten in den Kan{\"a}len (bis zu ~30nm). Die Entwicklung eines bestimmten Lasers in dieser Arbeit war speziell auf die industrielle Anwendung in einem Sensorsystem mit monomodigen Emissionen um 3333nm und 3357nm ausgelegt. F{\"u}r diese Wellenl{\"a}ngenkan{\"a}le wurden spektrale Messungen mit hohem Dynamikbereich gemacht. Mit SMSR bis 45dB war eine hervorragende Anwendbarkeit in einem Sensorsystem gew{\"a}hrleistet. Der Aufbau mit nur zwei Lasersegmenten garantiert eine einfache Ansteuerung ohne komplexe Elektronik. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelten weit abstimmbaren Laser stellen die bisher langwelligsten, monolithisch hergestellten, weit abstimmbaren Laser dar. Sie sind außerdem die bislang einzigen zweisegmentigen BSG-Laser, die in durch simultane Stromver{\"a}nderung durchstimmbaren Wellenl{\"a}ngenkan{\"a}len ein Abstimmverhalten mit konstant hoher Seitenmodenunterdr{\"u}ckung und ohne Modenspr{\"u}nge zeigen.},
  subject      = {Halbleiterlaser},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Brandstaetter2010,
  author    = {Brandstaetter, Andreas Simon},
  title     = {Neuronal correlates of nestmate recognition in the carpenter ant, Camponotus floridanus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55963},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Cooperation is beneficial for social groups and is exemplified in its most sophisticated form in social insects. In particular, eusocial Hymenoptera, like ants and honey bees, exhibit a level of cooperation only rarely matched by other animals. To assure effective defense of group members, foes need to be recognized reliably. Ants use low-volatile, colony-specific profiles of cuticular hydrocarbons (colony odor) to discriminate colony members (nestmates) from foreign workers (non-nestmates). For colony recognition, it is assumed that multi-component colony odors are compared to a neuronal template, located in a so far unidentified part of the nervous system, where a mismatch results in aggression. Alternatively, a sensory filter in the periphery of the nervous system has been suggested to act as a template, causing specific anosmia to nestmate colony odor due to sensory adaptation and effectively blocking perception of nestmates. Colony odors are not stable, but change over time due to environmental influences. To adjust for this, the recognition system has to be constantly updated (template reformation). In this thesis, I provide evidence that template reformation can be induced artificially, by modifying the sensory experience of carpenter ants (Camponotus floridanus; Chapter 1). The results of the experiments showed that template reformation is a relatively slow process taking several hours and this contradicts the adaptation-based sensory filter hypothesis. This finding is supported by first in-vivo measurements describing the neuronal processes underlying template reformation (Chapter 5). Neurophysiological measurements were impeded at the beginning of this study by the lack of adequate technical means to present colony odors. In a behavioral assay, I showed that tactile interaction is not necessary for colony recognition, although colony odors are of very low volatility (Chapter 2). I developed a novel stimulation technique (dummy-delivered stimulation) and tested its suitability for neurophysiological experiments (Chapter 3). My experiments showed that dummy-delivered stimulation is especially advantageous for presentation of low-volatile odors. Colony odor concentration in headspace was further increased by moderately heating the dummies, and this allowed me to measure neuronal correlates of colony odors in the peripheral and the central nervous system using electroantennography and calcium imaging, respectively (Chapter 4). Nestmate and non-nestmate colony odor elicited strong neuronal responses in olfactory receptor neurons of the antenna and in the functional units of the first olfactory neuropile of the ant brain, the glomeruli of the antennal lobe (AL). My results show that ants are not anosmic to nestmate colony odor and this clearly invalidates the previously suggested sensory filter hypothesis. Advanced two-photon microscopy allowed me to investigate the neuronal representation of colony odors in different neuroanatomical compartments of the AL (Chapter 5). Although neuronal activity was distributed inhomogeneously, I did not find exclusive representation restricted to a single AL compartment. This result indicates that information about colony odors is processed in parallel, using the computational power of the whole AL network. In the AL, the patterns of glomerular activity (spatial activity patterns) were variable, even in response to repeated stimulation with the same colony odor (Chapter 4\&5). This finding is surprising, as earlier studies indicated that spatial activity patterns in the AL reflect how an odor is perceived by an animal (odor quality). Under natural conditions, multi-component odors constitute varying and fluctuating stimuli, and most probably animals are generally faced with the problem that these elicit variable neuronal responses. Two-photon microscopy revealed that variability was higher in response to nestmate than to non-nestmate colony odor (Chapter 5), possibly reflecting plasticity of the AL network, which allows template reformation. Due to their high variability, spatial activity patterns in response to different colony odors were not sufficiently distinct to allow attribution of odor qualities like 'friend' or 'foe'. This finding challenges our current notion of how odor quality of complex, multi-component odors is coded. Additional neuronal parameters, e.g. precise timing of neuronal activity, are most likely necessary to allow discrimination. The lower variability of activity patterns elicited by non-nestmate compared to nestmate colony odor might facilitate recognition of non-nestmates at the next level of the olfactory pathway. My research efforts made the colony recognition system accessible for direct neurophysiological investigations. My results show that ants can perceive their own nestmates. The neuronal representation of colony odors is distributed across AL compartments, indicating parallel processing. Surprisingly, the spatial activity patterns in response to colony are highly variable, raising the question how odor quality is coded in this system. The experimental advance presented in this thesis will be useful to gain further insights into how social insects discriminate friends and foes. Furthermore, my work will be beneficial for the research field of insect olfaction as colony recognition in social insects is an excellent model system to study the coding of odor quality and long-term memory mechanisms underlying recognition of complex, multi-component odors.},
  subject      = {Neuroethologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Menzel2009,
  author    = {Menzel, Florian},
  title     = {Mechanisms and adaptive significance of interspecific associations between tropical ant species},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37251},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Aggression between ants from different colonies or species is ubiquitous. Exceptions to this rule exist in the form of supercolonies (within a species) and interspecific associations (between species). Probably the most intimate interspecific association is the parabiosis, where two ant species live together in a common nest. They keep their brood separate but jointly use trails and often share food resources. Parabioses are restricted to few species pairings and occur in South American and Southeast Asian rainforests. While the South American parabioses have been studied, albeit poorly, almost nothing is known about their Southeast Asian counterparts. My PhD project focuses on Southeast Asian parabioses between the myrmicine Crematogaster modiglianii Emery 1900 and the considerably larger formicine Camponotus rufifemur Emery 1900. The two species frequently nest together in hollow trees in the tropical lowland rainforest of Borneo. The basic question of my PhD project is why these two species live together. I investigated both proximate and ultimate aspects of this question. For comparative purposes, I included studies on a trail-sharing association in the same habitat. On the proximate level, I investigated which mechanisms facilitate tolerance towards hetero-spe¬ci¬fic nestmates. Ants generally discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates via cuticular hydro¬carbons that function as colony recognition cues. I studied the specificity of nestmate recognition within and between the two parabiotic species. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), I analyzed the cuticular substances in both ant species to find potential differences to non-parabiotic species, and to estimate the substance overlap among the two species. A high substance overlap would e.g. suggest that interspecific tolerance is caused by chemical mimicry. Finally, bioassays were conducted to evaluate the function of different cuticular compounds. Interspecific tolerance in the two parabiotic species was species-specific but not colony-specific. Ca. rufifemur tolerated all Cr. modiglianii individuals, even those from foreign colonies, but strongly attacked workers of other Crematogaster species. Cr. modiglianii, in turn, tolerated Ca. rufifemur workers of certain foreign colonies but attacked those of others. Chemical analyses revealed two sympatric, chemically distinct Ca. rufifemur varieties ('red' and 'black') with almost no hydrocarbon overlap. Cr. modiglianii only tolerated foreign Ca. rufifemur workers if they belonged to the same chemical variety as their own Ca. rufifemur partner. It also attacked other, non-parabiotic Camponotus species. Thus, reciprocal interspecific tolerance was restricted to the species Cr. modiglianii and Ca. rufifemur. Ca. rufifemur frequently tolerated conspecific non-nestmates of the same chemical variety. Minor workers were more often tolerated than majors, possibly because they possess two to three times lower hydrocarbon quantities per body surface than majors. In contrast, Cr. modiglianii nearly always attacked conspecific non-nestmates. Both species possessed hydrocarbons with considerably higher chain lengths than congeneric, non-parabiotic ant species. Long-chain hydrocarbons are less volatile than shorter ones and thus harder to perceive. They may thus considerably facilitate interspecific tolerance. Moreover, up to 98\% of the cuticular hydrocarbons in Ca. rufifemur were methylbranched alkenes, which are highly unusual among insect cuticular hydrocarbons. Cr. modiglianii and Ca. rufifemur had almost no hydrocarbons in common, refuting chemical mimicry as a possible cause of interspecific tolerance. The only hydrocarbons common to both species were two methylbranched alkenes, which constituted 89\% of the 'red' Ca. rufifemur hydrocarbon profile and also occurred in those Cr. modiglianii colonies that lived together with this Ca. rufifemur variety. Cr. modiglianii presumably acquired these two compounds from its red Ca. rufifemur partner. Cr. modiglianii was significantly less aggressive towards foreign Cr. modiglianii workers that were associated with the same Ca. rufifemur variety than to those associated with the respective other one. Hence, this species seemed to use recognition cues acquired from its parabiotic partner. Apart from hydrocarbons, both species possessed a set of hitherto unknown substances on their cuticle. The quantitative composition of the unknown compounds varied between parabiotic nests but was similar among the two species of a nest. They are probably produced in the Dufour glanf of Cr. modiglianii and transferred to their Ca. rufifemur partner. Possible transfer mechanisms include interspecific trophallaxis and 'mounting behaviour', where Cr. modiglianii climbed onto Ca. rufifemur workers without being displaced. Although the composition of the unknown compounds greatly varied between nests, they did not function as nestmate recognition cues since both species used hydrocarbons for nestmate recognition. However, the unknown compounds significantly reduced aggression in Ca. rufifemur. The ultimate, i.e. ecological and evolutionary aspects of my PhD research deal with potential costs and benefits that Cr. modiglianii and Ca. rufifemur may derive from the parabiotic association, their interactions with other species, and population genetic analyses. Additional studies on a trail-sharing association between three other ant species deal with two possible mechanisms that may cause or facilitate trail-sharing. Whether parabioses are parasitic, commensalistic, or mutualistic, is largely unknown and depends on the costs and benefits each party derives from the association. I therefore investigated food competition (as one of the most probable costs), differentiation of foraging niches (which can reduce competition), and several potential benefits of the parabiotic way of life. Besides, I studied interactions between the ant species and the hemiepiphyte Poikilospermum cordifolium. The foraging niches of the two species differed regarding foraging range, daily activity pattern, and food preferences. None of the two species aggressively displaced its partner species from baits. Thus, interference competition for food seemed to be low or absent. For both ant species, a number of benefits from the parabiotic lifestyle seem possible. They include interspecific trail-following, joint nest defence, provision of nest space by the partner species, food exchange via trophallaxis, and mutual brood care. If an ant species follows another species' pheromone trails, it can reach food resources found by the other species. As shown by artificial extract trails, Ca. rufifemur workers indeed followed trails of Cr. modiglianii but not vice versa. Thus, Ca. rufifemur benefited from Cr. modiglianii's knowledge on food sources (informational parasitism). In turn, Cr. modiglianii seemed to profit from nest defence by Ca. rufifemur. Ca. rufifemur majors are substantially larger than Cr. modiglianii workers. Although Cr. modiglianii often effectively defended the nest as well, it seemed likely that this species derived a benefit from its partner's defensive abilities. In neotropical parabioses (ant-gardens), mutualistic epiphytes play an important role in providing nest space. The neotropical Camponotus benefits its Crematogaster partner by planting epiphyte seeds, for which Crematogaster is too small. Similarly, the Bornean parabioses often were inhabited by the hemiepiphyte Poikilospermum cordifolium (Barg.-Petr.) Merr (Cecropiaceae). P. cordifolium seedlings, saplings and sometimes larger indivi¬duals abundantly grew at the entrances of parabiotic nests. However, P. cordifolium provides no additional nest space and, apart from nutritive elaiosomes, perianths, and extrafloral nectar probably plays a less important role for the ants than the neotropical epiphytes. In conclusion, the parabiosis is probably beneficial to both species. The main benefits seem to be nest defence (for Cr. modiglianii) and interspecific trail-following (for Ca. rufifemur). However, Ca. rufifemur seems to be more dependent on its partner than vice versa. For both parabiotic species, I analyzed mitochondrial DNA of ants from different regions in Borneo. My data suggest that there are four genetically and chemically distinct, but closely related varieties of Camponotus rufifemur. In contrast, Crematogaster modiglianii showed high genetic differentiation between distant populations but was not differentiated into genetic or chemical varieties. This argues against variety-specific cocladogenesis between Cr. modiglianii and Ca. rufifemur, although a less specific coevolution of the two species is highly likely. In Bornean rainforests, trail-sharing associations of Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) ypsilon Emery 1887 and Camponotus (Colobopsis) saundersi Emery 1889 are common and often include further species such as Dolichoderus cuspidatus Smith 1857. I investigated a trail-sharing association between these three species and studied two mechanisms that may cause or facilitate these associations: interspecific trail-following, i.e. workers following another species' pheromone trail, and differential inter¬specific aggression. In trail-following assays, D. cuspidatus regularly followed extract trails of the other two species, thus probably parasitizing on their information on food sources. In contrast, only few P. ypsilon and Ca. saundersi workers followed hetero¬speci¬fic extract trails. Hence, the association between P. ypsilon and Ca. saundersi cannot be ex¬plained by foragers following heterospecific trails. In this case, trail-sharing may originate from few scout ants that do follow heterospecific pheromone trails and then lay their own trails. Interspecific aggression among P. ypsilon, Ca. saundersi and D. cuspidatus was strongly asymmetric, Ca. saundersi being submissive to the other two species. All three species discriminated between heterospecific workers from the same and a distant trail-sharing site. Thus, it seems likely that the species of a given trail-sharing site habituate to one another. Differential tolerance by dominant ant species may be mediated by selective habituation towards submissive species, and thereby influence the assembly of trail-sharing associations.},
  subject      = {Ameisen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kemmer2005,
  author    = {Kemmer, Diana},
  title     = {Nat{\"u}rliche Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffe als Liganden des Ah Rezeptors - Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Beta-Carbolinen mit AhR Ligandenpotential mittels funktioneller Bioassays},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-15193},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Studien zur Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen als nat{\"u}rliche Liganden des Ah Rezeptors („aryl hydrocarbon receptor") vorgestellt. Der Ah Rezeptor ist ein liganden-abh{\"a}ngiger Transkriptionsfaktor, der an der Expression zahlreicher Metabolismusenzyme beteiligt ist. Im Mittelpunkt unserer Untersuchungen anhand von funktionellen AhR-abh{\"a}ngigen Bioassays stand die Klasse der ß-Carboline und ihrer Derivate, deren nat{\"u}rliches Vorkommen bereits in zahlreichen Lebensmitteln und im menschlichen Organismus beschrieben ist. Die ß-Carboline wurden f{\"u}r die Untersuchung auf ihr m{\"o}gliches AhR Ligandenpotential ausgew{\"a}hlt, da sie von der Aminos{\"a}ure Tryptophan abgeleitet sind, die selbst als schwacher AhR Agonist identifiziert wurde, und weil das trizyklische 9H-Pyridol[3,4-b]-Ringsystem der ß-Carboline eine strukturelle {\"A}hnlichkeit zum prototypischen AhR Liganden 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) aufweist. Die Schwerpunkte der Untersuchungen zur AhR Ligandenaktivit{\"a}t von ß-Carbolinen lagen auf den Aspekten: 1) Etablierung von rekombinanten, zellbasierten funktionellen Reportergenassays; 2) Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von ß-Carbolinderivaten als Liganden des Ah Rezeptors mittels funktioneller Reportergenassays; 3) Charakterisierung mechanistischer Aspekte im AhR vermittelten Signaltransduktionsweg mittels in vitro und ex vivo Gelretardation Assays am Beispiel ausgew{\"a}hlter ß-Carbolinderivate mit AhR Ligandenaktivit{\"a}t und 4) Beschreibung der AhR Ligandenaktivit{\"a}t von Soja- und W{\"u}rzsaucen als Modellsysteme f{\"u}r komplexe nat{\"u}rliche Lebensmittel.},
  subject      = {Carbolin <beta->},
  language  = {de}
}