@misc{FazelRezaiAllisonGugeretal.2012,
  author    = {Fazel-Rezai, Reza and Allison, Brendan Z. and Guger, Christoph and Sellers, Eric W. and Kleih, Sonja C. and K{\"u}bler, Andrea},
  title     = {P300 brain computer interface: current challenges and emerging trends},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75941},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables communication without movement based on brain signals measured with electroencephalography (EEG). BCIs usually rely on one of three types of signals: the P300 and other components of the event-related potential (ERP), steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), or event related desynchronization (ERD). Although P300 BCIs were introduced over twenty years ago, the past few years have seen a strong increase in P300 BCI research. This closed-loop BCI approach relies on the P300 and other components of the ERP, based on an oddball paradigm presented to the subject. In this paper, we overview the current status of P300 BCI technology, and then discuss new directions: paradigms for eliciting P300s; signal processing methods; applications; and hybrid BCIs. We conclude that P300 BCIs are quite promising, as several emerging directions have not yet been fully explored and could lead to improvements in bit rate, reliability, usability, and flexibility.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LugoQuitadamoBianchietal.2016,
  author    = {Lugo, Zulay R. and Quitadamo, Lucia R. and Bianchi, Luigi and Pellas, Fr{\´e}deric and Veser, Sandra and Lesenfants, Damien and Real, Ruben G. L. and Herbert, Cornelia and Guger, Christoph and Kotchoubey, Boris and Mattia, Donatella and K{\"u}bler, Andrea and Laureys, Steven and Noirhomme, Quentin},
  title     = {Cognitive Processing in Non-Communicative Patients: What Can Event-Related Potentials Tell Us?},
  series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
  number    = {569},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2016.00569},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165165},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Event-related potentials (ERP) have been proposed to improve the differential diagnosis of non-responsive patients. We investigated the potential of the P300 as a reliable marker of conscious processing in patients with locked-in syndrome (LIS). Eleven chronic LIS patients and 10 healthy subjects (HS) listened to a complex-tone auditory oddball paradigm, first in a passive condition (listen to the sounds) and then in an active condition (counting the deviant tones). Seven out of nine HS displayed a P300 waveform in the passive condition and all in the active condition. HS showed statistically significant changes in peak and area amplitude between conditions. Three out of seven LIS patients showed the P3 waveform in the passive condition and five of seven in the active condition. No changes in peak amplitude and only a significant difference at one electrode in area amplitude were observed in this group between conditions. We conclude that, in spite of keeping full consciousness and intact or nearly intact cortical functions, compared to HS, LIS patients present less reliable results when testing with ERP, specifically in the passive condition. We thus strongly recommend applying ERP paradigms in an active condition when evaluating consciousness in non-responsive patients.},
  language  = {en}
}