@article{EllgringSeilerPerlethetal.1990,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Seiler, S. and Perleth, B. and Gasser, T. and Oertel, W.},
  title     = {An integrated approach for the neurological and psychological support of Parkinson patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42456},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {Introduction Although symptomatic therapy is available for Parkinson's disease, patients and relatives are faced with continuous severe psychological problems. These psychological problems include: 1. lack of emotional expression, 2. bradephrenia, 3. depression, 4. lack of motivation,S. social anxiety, 6. stress induced increase of symptoms. The first four of these may be at least in part due to the dopamine deficiency. However, even as part of the primary symptoms they have social and communicative impact for patients and relatives. Social anxiety and stress induced increase of symptoms on the other hand clearly result from an interaction of somatic and psychological factors. Social anxiety mainly develops in Parkinson I s disease as an indirect consequence of the motor symptoms. Patients are afraid of being negatively evaluated in the public, of receiving negative comments etc. Thus r social withdrawal increases and the improvement of neurological symptoms following drug treatment may not be fully exploited on the psychosocial level. Stress induced increase of motor symptoms is a commonly observed phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Even minor stressors, mainly social in nature, can have extreme effects and may elicit or increase tremor or rigidity. A patient can be well in one moment, but unable to move in the next when being aware that he has to leave the house in an hour. Given this situation, patients and relatives have to develop strategies fo~ an emotional balance in the presence of a continuous confrontation with the direct and indirect consequences of the disease. A precondition for developing new psychologically based strategies is an optimwn medical treatment. The integrated approach for neurological and psychological support has the following goals: 1. improving medical treatment for the individual patient, 2. improving psychological coping and psychosocial adaptation for patients and relatives, and 3. evaluating and improving medical and psychological therapy. CONCLUSION Psychological intervention can provide considerable help for a substantial part of Parkinson patients. The main target is coping with stressful social situations. Relaxation and cognitive restructuring together with situational behavioral analysis and training of social skills specifically adapted to the disease are" the main strategies. Various problems remain open at the moment, like the maintenance of motivation which is especially critical for Parkinson patients. Parkins on 's disease is a neurological disease with a known pathological substrate and a therapy which is effective at least for several years on a symptomatic level. The symptoms are tightly connected with psychological emotional and cognitive processes. Moreover, patients and relatives have to cope with symptoms which strongly influence social interaction. And they have to cope together with this situation over a period of ten or twenty years. Thus not only for the patient but also for the health of the relatives, psychological aid is urgently needed. We suggest to integrate psychological approach into the neurological diagnosis and treatment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1990,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Soziale Interaktion und soziale Kognition},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42483},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1990,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Verhaltensmedizin},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50304},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Ellgring1989,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Facial expression as a behavioral indicator of emotional states},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58753},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {This article gives an overview of possibilities for the assessment offacial behavior. With regard to validity, results from a longitudinal study of 36 depressed patients and nine controls as weil as often schizophrenic patients and their relatives will be referred to. These results are used to illustrate the following principles which have to be taken into account when studying facial behavior: a) communication strongly facilitates facial expression, b) activation of facial behavior follows the "principle of least effort", and c) the principle of individual specificity applies to the association of nonverbal behavior and mood states. Making allowance for these principles has, among others, consequences a) for situations or conditions under which to asses behavior (specifically conditions of communication), b) for data analysis (e.g., dealing with frequent and rare events), and c) for empirical or experimental strategies (e.g., aggregation of single-case longitudinal comparisons). From the results on facial behavior during depression it can be concluded that the nonverbal reaction tendencies of endogenous and neurotic depressed patients differ. Moreover, the differential behavioral pattems observed cast doubt on the assumption of a homogeneity of affects in depression. Taking into account the conditions which govern it, facial behavior has proved to be a valid and, especially, a differential indicator for pathoIogic affective states and their changes. Given the fact that a psychiatric illness generally incorporates emotional problems it is more than surprising that little attention has been paid to the systematic study of emotional behavior. Some of the reasons for this will be clarified in the following.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Ellgring1989,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Nonverbal communication in depression},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42152},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1989,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Der Wert des Video in der Psychotherapie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43027},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1988,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Emotionen in der Verhaltenstherapie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41989},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Anhand eines geschichtlichen R{\"u}ckblicks und einer Zusammenfassung j{\"u}ngerer Emotionstheorien wird die Bedeutung der Emotionen f{\"u}r die Verhaltenstherapie abgeleitet. Die Urspr{\"u}nge in der verhaltenstherapeutischen Angstbehandlung zeigen, daß f{\"u}r die Verhaltenstherapie seit ihrem Beginn die Ver{\"a}nderung von emotionalen St{\"o}rungen eine zentrale Aufgabe war. Aus j{\"u}ngeren Theorien zu diskreten Emotionen und deren Komponenten lassen sich diagnostische und therapeutische Zielrichtungen spezifizieren. Als Komponenten der Emotionen werden die Bewertung der Situation, physiologische Aktivierung, Motivierung, Handlungsvorbereitung, Signal zum Organismus und Signal zur Umgebung erl{\"a}utert. Von den verschiedenen Funktionen der Emotionen sind die Funktion des Antriebs f{\"u}r unser Verhalten, die Funktion der Koppelung zwischen Reizen und Reaktionen und die verhaltenssteuernde Funktion f{\"u}r die Therapie besonders bedeutsam. Beispiele von verschiedenen Ans{\"a}tzen auf der somatisch-physiologischen Ebene, der kognitiven Ebene und der Verhaltens-Ebene geben einen Einblick in die M{\"o}glichkeiten der Verhaltenstherapief{\"u}r die Ver{\"a}nderung negativer emotionaler Zust{\"a}nde. Nach der kognitiven Wende scheint die emotionale Wende in der Verhaltenstherapie angezeigt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Ellgring1988,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Psychosoziale Probleme von Parkinson-Patienten : Ann{\"a}herung zur Untersuchung und Behandlung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33673},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{VollmerEllgring1988,
  author    = {Vollmer, Heinz C. and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Die Vorhersage der vorzeitigen Therapiebeendigung bei Drogenabh{\"a}ngigen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42069},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {In zwei Therapieeinrichtungen zur Drogen-Entw{\"o}hnungsbehandlung wurde bei 194 Dro- , genabh{\"a}ngigen untersucht, inwiefern Anamnesedaten und Pers{\"o}nlichkeits variablen eine Vorhersage der vorzeitigen Therapiebeendigung gestatten. Lediglich eine Variable wies f{\"u}r Patienten beider Behandlungseinrichtungen gleichermaßen prognostische Valenz auf: Patienten mit gerichtlicher Auflage schlossen die Therapie h{\"a}ufiger regul{\"a}r ab als Patienten ohne Auflage. Oie Art der gerichtlichen Auflage oder auch die Dauer der noch ausstehenden Strafzeit korrelierten dagegen nicht mit der Art der Therapiebeendigung. Ansonsten gab es f{\"u}r beide Therapieeinrichtungen und f{\"u}r die verschiedenen Arten der vorzeitigen Beendigung (Entlassung bzw. Abbruch) unterschiedliche, manchmal auch entgegengesetzte, prognostische Kriterien. Ein Patient, der in einer Einrichtung abbruchgef{\"a}hrdet ist, kann in einer anderen Einrichtung gute Chancen haben, die Behandlung regul{\"a}r abzuschließen. Aus der Literatur bekannte Kriterien wie zum Beispiel Alter und Schulbildung zeigten in dieser Studie nur in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Einrichtung prognostische Valenz und dies spezifisch f{\"u}r Abbruch bzw. vorzeitige Entlassung. Andere Pr{\"a}diktoren wie Geschlecht, psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten und Depression korrelierten {\"u}berhaupt nicht mit vorzeitiger Therapiebeendigung. Auch Patienten, die zu Beginn der Therapie als gering motiviert einzustufen sind, haben gute Chancen, die Behandlung regul{\"a}r abzuschließen. Auf der Grundlage einer Diskriminanzanalyse der FPI-Items war eine vorzeitige Entlassung besser vorhersag bar als ein Therapieabbruch. Nach den Daten dieser Studie ist zu vermuten, daß bestimmte Kombinationen von Einrichtungs-, Therapeuten- und Patienten variablen einen Einfluß auf die Art der Therapiebeendigung haben.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Zur Entwicklung der Mimik als Verst{\"a}ndigungsmittel},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56811},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Mimik},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{EllgringVogelBungard1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Vogel, Peter and Bungard, Walter},
  title     = {Methoden und Techniken der Verhaltensuntersuchung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33684},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Ausdrucksforschung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50350},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Ausdruck},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50363},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Nichtverbale Kommunikation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50383},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {FACS [Facial Action Coding System]},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50370},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {FACS, Abk. f. Facial Action Coding System, ein von EKMAN u. FRIESEN 1978, entwickeltes, auf den schwedischen Anatomen HJORTSJ{\"O} 1970 zur{\"u}ckgehendes System zur Beschreibung der Mimik. [W{\"o}rterbucheintrag]},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EllgringKlos1987,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Klos, Thomas},
  title     = {Manuelle versus elektronische Analyse von Sprechpausen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43233},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {Es wird gezeigt, daß die digitale Sprachanalyse bei der Messung von Sprechpausen unter bestimmten Umst{\"a}nden Fehler aufweist. Am Beispiel von 16 standardisierten Interviews mit depressiven Patienten wurden Sprechpausen von Patienten und Interviewern nach zwei Methoden gemessen: mit einer einfachen manuellen Methode deren Interraterreliabilit{\"a}t bei .88 und h{\"o}her lag und nach Methoden der digitalen Sprachverarbeitung. Die Ergebnisse beider Analysen wurden verglichen. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die manuelle Methode f{\"u}r Sprechpausen oberhalb 390 ms reliabel ist und gleiche oder bessere Ergebnisse bringt. Bei qualitativ schlechten Tonaufnahmen ist diese manuelle Methode vorteilhaft.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{EllgringNagel1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Nagel, U.},
  title     = {Zur Funktion des mimischen Ausdrucks - Mimisches Verhalten bei Vorstellungen und Mitteilung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33660},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Nonverbale Kommunikation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50230},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{EllgringBaenningerHuber1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and B{\"a}nninger-Huber, E.},
  title     = {The coding of reported emotional experiences: antecedents and reactions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50247},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Ellgring1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Nonverbal expression of psychological states in psychiatric patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43179},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {Nonverbal behavior, especially facial expression, appears as one of the most important means for communicating affective states. Studies on groups of psychiatric patients and control subjects are reported in which nonverbal behavior is analyzed from videotaped dialogues. Using a quantitative approach, results on facial behavior, speech, and gaze are described, which shed light on the expressive and communicative functions of nonverbal behavior. From longitudinal observations on depressed patients it emerged that individualspecific associations have to be taken into account for the relationship between expressive behavior and mood changes. The predominance of facial behavior in the speaker role of an individual found in patients and control groups points to the integrated communicative function of the verbal and nonverbal elements. However, recovered schizophrenic patients exhibited a dissociation of these elements. Implications for our understanding of nonverbal communications are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}