@article{CullLimaPradoGodinhoFernandesRodriguesetal.2014,
  author    = {Cull, Benjamin and Lima Prado Godinho, Joseane and Fernandes Rodrigues, Juliany Cola and Frank, Benjamin and Schurigt, Uta and Williams, Roderick AM and Coombs, Graham H and Mottram, Jeremy C},
  title     = {Glycosome turnover in Leishmania major is mediated by autophagy},
  series = {Autophagy},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Autophagy},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.4161/auto.36438},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150277},
  pages     = {2143-2157},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Autophagy is a central process behind the cellular remodeling that occurs during differentiation of Leishmania, yet the cargo of the protozoan parasite's autophagosome is unknown. We have identified glycosomes, peroxisome-like organelles that uniquely compartmentalize glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes in Leishmania and other kinetoplastid parasitic protozoa, as autophagosome cargo. It has been proposed that the number of glycosomes and their content change during the Leishmania life cycle as a key adaptation to the different environments encountered. Quantification of RFP-SQL-labeled glycosomes showed that promastigotes of L. major possess ~20 glycosomes per cell, whereas amastigotes contain ~10. Glycosome numbers were significantly greater in promastigotes and amastigotes of autophagy-defective L. major Δatg5 mutants, implicating autophagy in glycosome homeostasis and providing a partial explanation for the previously observed growth and virulence defects of these mutants. Use of GFP-ATG8 to label autophagosomes showed glycosomes to be cargo in ~15\% of them; glycosome-containing autophagosomes were trafficked to the lysosome for degradation. The number of autophagosomes increased 10-fold during differentiation, yet the percentage of glycosome-containing autophagosomes remained constant. This indicates that increased turnover of glycosomes was due to an overall increase in autophagy, rather than an upregulation of autophagosomes containing this cargo. Mitophagy of the single mitochondrion was not observed in L. major during normal growth or differentiation; however, mitochondrial remnants resulting from stress-induced fragmentation colocalized with autophagosomes and lysosomes, indicating that autophagy is used to recycle these damaged organelles. These data show that autophagy in Leishmania has a central role not only in maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling damaged organelles but crucially in the adaptation to environmental change through the turnover of glycosomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OjhaForsterKumaretal.2013,
  author    = {Ojha, Animesh K. and Forster, Stefan and Kumar, Sumeet and Vats, Siddharth and Negi, Segeeta and Fischer, Ingo},
  title     = {Synthesis of well-dispersed silver nanorods of different aspect ratios and their antimicrobial properties against gram positive and negative bacterial strains},
  series = {Journal of Nanobiotechnology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Nanobiotechnology},
  number    = {42},
  issn      = {1477-3155},
  doi       = {10.1186/1477-3155-11-42},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122837},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In the present contribution, we describe the synthesis of highly dispersed silver nanorods (NRs) of different aspect ratios using a chemical route. The shape and size of the synthesized NRs were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Longitudinal and transverse absorptions bands confirm the rod type structure. The experimentally recorded UV-visible spectra of NRs solutions were fitted by using an expression of the extinction coefficient for rod like nano structures under the dipole approximation. Simulated and experimentally observed UV-visible spectra were compared to determine the aspect ratios (R) of NRs. The average values of R for NR1, NR2 and NR3 solutions are estimated to be 3.0 +/- 0.1, 1.8 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1, respectively. These values are in good agreement with those obtained by TEM micrographs. The silver NRs of known aspect ratios are used to study antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) microbes. We observed that the NRs of intermediate aspect ratio (R = 1.8) have greater antimicrobial effect against both, B. subtilis (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative). The NRs of aspect ratio, R = 3.0 has better antimicrobial activities against gram positive than on the gram negative.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OjhaForsterKumaretal.2013,
  author    = {Ojha, Animesh K. and Forster, Stefan and Kumar, Sumeet and Vats, Siddharth and Negi, Sangeeta and Fischer, Ingo},
  title     = {Synthesis of well-dispersed silver nanorods of different aspect ratios and their antimicrobial properties against gram positive and negative bacterial strains},
  series = {Journal of Nanobiotechnology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Nanobiotechnology},
  number    = {42},
  doi       = {10.1186/1477-3155-11-42},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132222},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In the present contribution, we describe the synthesis of highly dispersed silver nanorods (NRs) of different aspect ratios using a chemical route. The shape and size of the synthesized NRs were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Longitudinal and transverse absorptions bands confirm the rod type structure. The experimentally recorded UV-visible spectra of NRs solutions were fitted by using an expression of the extinction coefficient for rod like nano structures under the dipole approximation. Simulated and experimentally observed UV-visible spectra were compared to determine the aspect ratios (R) of NRs. The average values of R for NR1, NR2 and NR3 solutions are estimated to be 3.0 ± 0.1, 1.8 ± 0.1 and 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively. These values are in good agreement with those obtained by TEM micrographs. The silver NRs of known aspect ratios are used to study antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) microbes. We observed that the NRs of intermediate aspect ratio (R = 1.8) have greater antimicrobial effect against both, B. subtilis (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative). The NRs of aspect ratio, R = 3.0 has better antimicrobial activities against gram positive than on the gram negative.},
  language  = {en}
}