@article{SpannausHartlWoehrletal.2012,
  author    = {Spannaus, Ralf and Hartl, Maximilian J. and W{\"o}hrl, Birgitta M. and Rethwilm, Axel and Bodem, Jochen},
  title     = {The prototype foamy virus protease is active independently of the integrase domain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75370},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Recently, contradictory results on foamy virus protease activity were published. While our own results indicated that protease activity is regulated by the viral RNA, others suggested that the integrase is involved in the regulation of the protease. Results: To solve this discrepancy we performed additional experiments showing that the protease-reverse transcriptase (PR-RT) exhibits protease activity in vitro and in vivo, which is independent of the integrase domain. In contrast, Pol incorporation, and therefore PR activity in the viral context, is dependent on the integrase domain. To further analyse the regulation of the protease, we incorporated Pol in viruses by expressing a GagPol fusion protein, which supported near wild-type like infectivity. A GagPR-RT fusion, lacking the integrase domain, also resulted in wild-type like Gag processing, indicating that the integrase is dispensable for viral Gag maturation. Furthermore, we demonstrate with a trans-complementation assays that the PR in the context of the PR-RT protein supports in trans both, viral maturation and infectivity. Conclusion: We provide evidence that the FV integrase is required for Pol encapsidation and that the FV PR activity is integrase independent. We show that an active PR can be encapsidated in trans as a GagPR-RT fusion protein.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{SchneiderSchaulies1988,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle},
  title     = {Molekularbiologische Charakterisierung der Masernvirusreplikation in zentralen Nervensystem von Lewis- und BN-Ratten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78465},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Einleitung: Das Masernvirus (MV) ist ein hochkontagi{\"o}ser, primatenpathogener Erreger, der f{\"u}r die bekannte Masernerkrankung verantwortlich ist...},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Lutz2012,
  author    = {Lutz, Manfred B.},
  title     = {Therapeutic Potential of Semi-Mature Dendritic Cells for Tolerance Induction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75535},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Dendritic cells (DCs) are major players in the control of adaptive tolerance and immunity. Therefore, their specific generation and adoptive transfer into patients or their in vivo targeting is attractive for clinical applications. While injections of mature immunogenic DCs are tested in clinical trials, tolerogenic DCs still are awaiting this step. Besides the tolerogenic potential of immature DCs, also semi-mature DCs can show tolerogenic activity but both types also bear unfavorable features. Optimal tolerogenic DCs, their molecular tool bar, and their use for specific diseases still have to be defined. Here, the usefulness of in vitro generated and adoptively transferred semi-mature DCs for tolerance induction is outlined. The in vivo targeting of semi-mature DCs as represented by steady state migratory DCs are discussed for treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergies. First clinical trials with transcutaneous allergen application may point to their therapeutic use in the future.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LangenhorstGogishviliRibechinietal.2012,
  author    = {Langenhorst, Daniela and Gogishvili, Tea and Ribechini, Eliana and Kneitz, Susanne and McPherson, Kirsty and Lutz, Manfred B. and H{\"u}nig, Thomas},
  title     = {Sequential induction of effector function, tissue migration and cell death during polyclonal activation of mouse regulatory T-cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-76009},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The ability of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) to produce interleukin (IL)-10 is important for the limitation of inflammation at environmental interfaces like colon or lung. Under steady state conditions, however, few Tregs produce IL-10 ex vivo. To investigate the origin and fate of IL-10 producing Tregs we used a superagonistic mouse anti-mouse CD28 mAb (CD28SA) for polyclonal in vivo stimulation of Tregs, which not only led to their numeric expansion but also to a dramatic increase in IL-10 production. IL-10 secreting Tregs strongly upregulated surface receptors associated with suppressive function as compared to non-producing Tregs. Furthermore, polyclonally expanding Tregs shifted their migration receptor pattern after activation from a CCR7+CCR52 lymph node-seeking to a CCR72CCR5+ inflammationseeking phenotype, explaining the preferential recruitment of IL-10 producers to sites of ongoing immune responses. Finally, we observed that IL-10 producing Tregs from CD28SA stimulated mice were more apoptosis-prone in vitro than their IL-10 negative counterparts. These findings support a model where prolonged activation of Tregs results in terminal differentiation towards an IL-10 producing effector phenotype associated with a limited lifespan, implicating built-in termination of immunosuppression.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}