@article{CorneliusLeingaertnerHoissetal.2013,
  author    = {Cornelius, Christine and Leing{\"a}rtner, Annette and Hoiss, Bernhard and Krauss, Jochen and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Menzel, Annette},
  title     = {Phenological response of grassland species to manipulative snowmelt and drought along an altitudinal gradient},
  series = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1093/jxb/ers321},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126888},
  pages     = {241-251},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Plant communities in the European Alps are assumed to be highly affected by climate change, as the temperature rise in this region is above the global average. It is predicted that higher temperatures will lead to advanced snowmelt dates and that the number of extreme weather events will increase. The aims of this study were to determine the impacts of extreme climatic events on flower phenology and to assess whether those impacts differed between lower and higher altitudes. In 2010, an experiment simulating advanced and delayed snowmelt as well as a drought event was conducted along an altitudinal transect approximately every 250 m (600-2000 m above sea level) in the Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany. The study showed that flower phenology was strongly affected by altitude; however, there were few effects of the manipulative treatments on flowering. The effects of advanced snowmelt were significantly greater at higher than at lower sites, but no significant difference was found between both altitudinal bands for the other treatments. The response of flower phenology to temperature declined through the season and the length of flowering duration was not significantly influenced by treatments. The stronger effect of advanced snowmelt at higher altitudes may be a response to differences in treatment intensity across the gradient. Consequently, shifts in the date of snowmelt due to global warming may affect species more at higher than at lower altitudes, as changes may be more pronounced at higher altitudes. These data indicate a rather low risk of drought events on flowering phenology in the Bavarian Alps.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaihoffFriessHoissetal.2023,
  author    = {Maihoff, Fabienne and Friess, Nicolas and Hoiss, Bernhard and Schmid-Egger, Christian and Kerner, Janika and Neumayer, Johann and Hopfenm{\"u}ller, Sebastian and B{\"a}ssler, Claus and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Classen, Alice},
  title     = {Smaller, more diverse and on the way to the top: Rapid community shifts of montane wild bees within an extraordinary hot decade},
  series = {Diversity and Distributions},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Diversity and Distributions},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/ddi.13658},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312126},
  pages     = {272-288},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Aim Global warming is assumed to restructure mountain insect communities in space and time. Theory and observations along climate gradients predict that insect abundance and richness, especially of small-bodied species, will increase with increasing temperature. However, the specific responses of single species to rising temperatures, such as spatial range shifts, also alter communities, calling for intensive monitoring of real-world communities over time. Location German Alps and pre-alpine forests in south-east Germany. Methods We empirically examined the temporal and spatial change in wild bee communities and its drivers along two largely well-protected elevational gradients (alpine grassland vs. pre-alpine forest), each sampled twice within the last decade. Results We detected clear abundance-based upward shifts in bee communities, particularly in cold-adapted bumble bee species, demonstrating the speed with which mobile organisms can respond to climatic changes. Mean annual temperature was identified as the main driver of species richness in both regions. Accordingly, and in large overlap with expectations under climate warming, we detected an increase in bee richness and abundance, and an increase in small-bodied species in low- and mid-elevations along the grassland gradient. Community responses in the pre-alpine forest gradient were only partly consistent with community responses in alpine grasslands. Main Conclusion In well-protected temperate mountain regions, small-bodied bees may initially profit from warming temperatures, by getting more abundant and diverse. Less severe warming, and differences in habitat openness along the forested gradient, however, might moderate species responses. Our study further highlights the utility of standardized abundance data for revealing rapid changes in bee communities over only one decade.},
  language  = {en}
}