@article{RennerOttoKuebleretal.2023, author = {Renner, Tobias and Otto, Paul and K{\"u}bler, Alexander C. and H{\"o}lscher-Doht, Stefanie and Gbureck, Uwe}, title = {Novel adhesive mineral-organic bone cements based on phosphoserine and magnesium phosphates or oxides}, series = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine}, doi = {10.1007/s10856-023-06714-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357342}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Present surgical situations require a bone adhesive which has not yet been developed for use in clinical applications. Recently, phosphoserine modified cements (PMC) based on mixtures of o-phosphoserine (OPLS) and calcium phosphates, such as tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) or α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) as well as chelate setting magnesium phosphate cements have gained increasing popularity for their use as mineral bone adhesives. Here, we investigated new mineral-organic bone cements based on phosphoserine and magnesium phosphates or oxides, which possess excellent adhesive properties. These were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy and subjected to mechanical tests to determine the bond strength to bone after ageing at physiological conditions. The novel biomineral adhesives demonstrate excellent bond strength to bone with approximately 6.6-7.3 MPa under shear load. The adhesives are also promising due to their cohesive failure pattern and ductile character. In this context, the new adhesive cements are superior to currently prevailing bone adhesives. Future efforts on bone adhesives made from phosphoserine and Mg2+ appear to be very worthwhile.}, language = {en} } @article{OuhaddiCharbonnierPorgeetal.2023, author = {Ouhaddi, Yassine and Charbonnier, Baptiste and Porge, Juliette and Zhang, Yu-Ling and Garcia, Isadora and Gbureck, Uwe and Grover, Liam and Gilardino, Mirko and Harvey, Edward and Makhoul, Nicholas and Barralet, Jake}, title = {Development of neovasculature in axially vascularized calcium phosphate cement scaffolds}, series = {Journal of Functional Biomaterials}, volume = {14}, journal = {Journal of Functional Biomaterials}, number = {2}, issn = {2079-4983}, doi = {10.3390/jfb14020105}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304026}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Augmenting the vascular supply to generate new tissues, a crucial aspect in regenerative medicine, has been challenging. Recently, our group showed that calcium phosphate can induce the formation of a functional neo-angiosome without the need for microsurgical arterial anastomosis. This was a preclinical proof of concept for biomaterial-induced luminal sprouting of large-diameter vessels. In this study, we investigated if sprouting was a general response to surgical injury or placement of an inorganic construct around the vessel. Cylindrical biocement scaffolds of differing chemistries were placed around the femoral vein. A contrast agent was used to visualize vessel ingrowth into the scaffolds. Cell populations in the scaffold were mapped using immunohistochemistry. Calcium phosphate scaffolds induced 2.7-3 times greater volume of blood vessels than calcium sulphate or magnesium phosphate scaffolds. Macrophage and vSMC populations were identified that changed spatially and temporally within the scaffold during implantation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation peaked at weeks 2 and 4 and then declined; however, IL-1β expression was sustained over the course of the experiment. IL-8, a promoter of angiogenesis, was also detected, and together, these responses suggest a role of sterile inflammation. Unexpectedly, the effect was distinct from an injury response as a result of surgical placement and also was not simply a foreign body reaction as a result of placing a rigid bioceramic next to a vein, since, while the materials tested had similar microstructures, only the calcium phosphates tested elicited an angiogenic response. This finding then reveals a potential path towards a new strategy for creating better pro-regenerative biomaterials.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Witteler2024, author = {Witteler, Charlotte Marie}, title = {Untersuchung des zellbiologischen Verhaltens von Fibroblasten in modifizierten Gelatine-Methacrylat basierten Harzen f{\"u}r den volumetrischen Biodruck}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-34946}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349460}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Was vor einigen Jahren undenkbar erschien, k{\"o}nnte zuk{\"u}nftig m{\"o}glich sein: Krankes Gewebe mit Gesundem ersetzen, das in vitro mit modernsten Biofabrikationstechniken hergestellt wird. Dabei werden bisherige Grenzen {\"u}berschritten: W{\"a}hrend lichtbasierte Biodruckverfahren wie die Zwei-Photonen-Polymerisation Aufl{\"o}sungen bis in den Nanometerbereich erzielen, erm{\"o}glicht der Volumetrische Biodruck (VB) den Druck zentimetergroßer Konstrukte in wenigen Sekunden. Diese Geschwindigkeiten erweisen sich unter Biodruckverfahren als konkurrenzlos und werden erreicht, da das Bioharz nicht konsekutiv, sondern zugleich vernetzt wird. Einschr{\"a}nkend gilt bislang nur der Mangel an geeigneten Bioharzen f{\"u}r den VB. Daher besch{\"a}ftigt sich vorliegende Arbeit mit der Charakterisierung und Modifikation eines daf{\"u}r geeigneten Bioharzes: Gelatine-Methacrylat (GelMA). Dank seiner Zusammensetzung {\"a}hnelt das etablierte Hydrogelsystem der Extratrazellularmatrix: Der Gelatine-Anteil erm{\"o}glicht Biokompatibilit{\"a}t und Bioaktivit{\"a}t durch zelladh{\"a}sive sowie degradierbare Aminos{\"a}ure-Sequenzen. Zugleich k{\"o}nnen durch photovernetzbare Methacryloyl-Substituenten Konstrukte mit einer Formstabilit{\"a}t bei 37 °C erzeugt werden. Zun{\"a}chst wurde das Bioharz zellbiologisch charakterisiert, indem mit der embryonalen Mausfibroblasten-Zelllinie NIH-3T3 beladene GelMA-Zylinder gegossen, photopolymerisiert und kultiviert wurden. Im Verlauf einer Woche wurde die Zytokompatibilit{\"a}t der Gele anhand der Proliferationsf{\"a}higkeit (PicoGreen-Assay), des Metabolismus (CCK-8-Assay) und der Vitalit{\"a}t (Live/Dead-Assay) der Zellen beurteilt. Dabei wurden Polymerkonzentrationen von 6 - 8 \% sowie GelMA-Harze zweier verschiedener Molekulargewichte verglichen. Alle hergestellten Gele erwiesen sich als zytokompatibel, 6 \% ige Gele ließen im Inneren jedoch zus{\"a}tzlich eine beginnende Zellspreizung zu und ein niedriges GelMA-Molekulargewicht verst{\"a}rkte die gemessene Proliferation. Die sich anschließende mechanische und physikalische Charakterisierung belegte, dass h{\"o}her konzentrierte Gele einen gr{\"o}ßeren E-Modul aufwiesen und damit steifer waren. Eine Modifikation der Gele mit Fibronektin beeinflusste die Zellvertr{\"a}glichkeit weder positiv noch negativ und die Zugabe von Kollagen war wegen Entmischungseffekten nicht bewertbar. Es liegt die Vermutung nah, dass eine weitere Reduktion der Polymerkonzentration und damit Verringerung der Gelsteifigkeit der Schl{\"u}ssel f{\"u}r mehr Zellspreizung und -wachstum ist. Da jedoch die Druckbarkeit des Bioharzes die weitere Senkung des GelMA-Gehalts limitiert, sollten zun{\"a}chst Methoden entwickelt werden, welche die Netzwerkdichte des GelMAs anderweitig herabsetzen.}, subject = {3D Bioprinting}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Andelovic2024, author = {Andelovic, Kristina}, title = {Characterization of arterial hemodynamics using mouse models of atherosclerosis and tissue-engineered artery models}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-30360}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303601}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Within this thesis, three main approaches for the assessment and investigation of altered hemodynamics like wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and the arterial pulse wave velocity in atherosclerosis development and progression were conducted: 1. The establishment of a fast method for the simultaneous assessment of 3D WSS and PWV in the complete murine aortic arch via high-resolution 4D-flow MRI 2. The utilization of serial in vivo measurements in atherosclerotic mouse models using high-resolution 4D-flow MRI, which were divided into studies describing altered hemodynamics in late and early atherosclerosis 3. The development of tissue-engineered artery models for the controllable application and variation of hemodynamic and biologic parameters, divided in native artery models and biofabricated artery models, aiming for the investigation of the relationship between atherogenesis and hemodynamics Chapter 2 describes the establishment of a method for the simultaneous measurement of 3D WSS and PWV in the murine aortic arch at, using ultra high-field MRI at 17.6T [16], based on the previously published method for fast, self-navigated wall shear stress measurements in the murine aortic arch using radial 4D-phase contrast MRI at 17.6 T [4]. This work is based on the collective work of Dr. Patrick Winter, who developed the method and the author of this thesis, Kristina Andelovic, who performed the experiments and statistical analyses. As the method described in this chapter is basis for the following in vivo studies and undividable into the sub-parts of the contributors without losing important information, this chapter was not split into the single parts to provide fundamental information about the measurement and analysis methods and therefore better understandability for the following studies. The main challenge in this chapter was to overcome the issue of the need for a high spatial resolution to determine the velocity gradients at the vascular wall for the WSS quantification and a high temporal resolution for the assessment of the PWV without prolonging the acquisition time due to the need for two separate measurements. Moreover, for a full coverage of the hemodynamics in the murine aortic arch, a 3D measurement is needed, which was achieved by utilization of retrospective navigation and radial trajectories, enabling a highly flexible reconstruction framework to either reconstruct images at lower spatial resolution and higher frame rates for the acquisition of the PWV or higher spatial resolution and lower frame rates for the acquisition of the 3D WSS in a reasonable measurement time of only 35 minutes. This enabled the in vivo assessment of all relevant hemodynamic parameters related to atherosclerosis development and progression in one experimental session. This method was validated in healthy wild type and atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice, indicating no differences in robustness between pathological and healthy mice. The heterogeneous distribution of plaque development and arterial stiffening in atherosclerosis [10, 12], however, points out the importance of local PWV measurements. Therefore, future studies should focus on the 3D acquisition of the local PWV in the murine aortic arch based on the presented method, in order to enable spatially resolved correlations of local arterial stiffness with other hemodynamic parameters and plaque composition. In Chapter 3, the previously established methods were used for the investigation of changing aortic hemodynamics during ageing and atherosclerosis in healthy wild type and atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice using the previously established methods [4, 16] based on high-resolution 4D-flow MRI. In this work, serial measurements of healthy and atherosclerotic mice were conducted to track all changes in hemodynamics in the complete aortic arch over time. Moreover, spatially resolved 2D projection maps of WSS and OSI of the complete aortic arch were generated. This important feature allowed for the pixel-wise statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup hemodynamic changes over time and most importantly - at a glance. The study revealed converse differences of local hemodynamic profiles in healthy WT and atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice, with decreasing longWSS and increasing OSI, while showing constant PWV in healthy mice and increasing longWSS and decreasing OSI, while showing increased PWV in diseased mice. Moreover, spatially resolved correlations between WSS, PWV, plaque and vessel wall characteristics were enabled, giving detailed insights into coherences between hemodynamics and plaque composition. Here, the circWSS was identified as a potential marker of plaque size and composition in advanced atherosclerosis. Moreover, correlations with PWV values identified the maximum radStrain could serve as a potential marker for vascular elasticity. This study demonstrated the feasibility and utility of high-resolution 4D flow MRI to spatially resolve, visualize and analyze statistical differences in all relevant hemodynamic parameters over time and between healthy and diseased mice, which could significantly improve our understanding of plaque progression towards vulnerability. In future studies the relation of vascular elasticity and radial strain should be further investigated and validated with local PWV measurements and CFD. Moreover, the 2D histological datasets were not reflecting the 3D properties and regional characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, future studies will include 3D plaque volume and composition analysis like morphological measurements with MRI or light-sheet microscopy to further improve the analysis of the relationship between hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Chapter 4 aimed at the description and investigation of hemodynamics in early stages of atherosclerosis. Moreover, this study included measurements of hemodynamics at baseline levels in healthy WT and atherosclerotic mouse models. Due to the lack of hemodynamic-related studies in Ldlr-/- mice, which are the most used mouse models in atherosclerosis research together with the Apoe-/- mouse model, this model was included in this study to describe changing hemodynamics in the aortic arch at baseline levels and during early atherosclerosis development and progression for the first time. In this study, distinct differences in aortic geometries of these mouse models at baseline levels were described for the first time, which result in significantly different flow- and WSS profiles in the Ldlr-/- mouse model. Further basal characterization of different parameters revealed only characteristic differences in lipid profiles, proving that the geometry is highly influencing the local WSS in these models. Most interestingly, calculation of the atherogenic index of plasma revealed a significantly higher risk in Ldlr-/- mice with ongoing atherosclerosis development, but significantly greater plaque areas in the aortic arch of Apoe-/- mice. Due to the given basal WSS and OSI profile in these two mouse models - two parameters highly influencing plaque development and progression - there is evidence that the regional plaque development differs between these mouse models during very early atherogenesis. Therefore, future studies should focus on the spatiotemporal evaluation of plaque development and composition in the three defined aortic regions using morphological measurements with MRI or 3D histological analyses like LSFM. Moreover, this study offers an excellent basis for future studies incorporating CFD simulations, analyzing the different measured parameter combinations (e.g., aortic geometry of the Ldlr-/- mouse with the lipid profile of the Apoe-/- mouse), simulating the resulting plaque development and composition. This could help to understand the complex interplay between altered hemodynamics, serum lipids and atherosclerosis and significantly improve our basic understanding of key factors initiating atherosclerosis development. Chapter 5 describes the establishment of a tissue-engineered artery model, which is based on native, decellularized porcine carotid artery scaffolds, cultured in a MRI-suitable bioreactor-system [23] for the investigation of hemodynamic-related atherosclerosis development in a controllable manner, using the previously established methods for WSS and PWV assessment [4, 16]. This in vitro artery model aimed for the reduction of animal experiments, while simultaneously offering a simplified, but completely controllable physical and biological environment. For this, a very fast and gentle decellularization protocol was established in a first step, which resulted in porcine carotid artery scaffolds showing complete acellularity while maintaining the extracellular matrix composition, overall ultrastructure and mechanical strength of native arteries. Moreover, a good cellular adhesion and proliferation was achieved, which was evaluated with isolated human blood outgrowth endothelial cells. Most importantly, an MRI-suitable artery chamber was designed for the simultaneous cultivation and assessment of high-resolution 4D hemodynamics in the described artery models. Using high-resolution 4D-flow MRI, the bioreactor system was proven to be suitable to quantify the volume flow, the two components of the WSS and the radStrain as well as the PWV in artery models, with obtained values being comparable to values found in literature for in vivo measurements. Moreover, the identification of first atherosclerotic processes like intimal thickening is achievable by three-dimensional assessment of the vessel wall morphology in the in vitro models. However, one limitation is the lack of a medial smooth muscle cell layer due to the dense ECM. Here, the utilization of the laser-cutting technology for the generation of holes and / or pits on a microscale, eventually enabling seeding of the media with SMCs showed promising results in a first try and should be further investigated in future studies. Therefore, the proposed artery model possesses all relevant components for the extension to an atherosclerosis model which may pave the way towards a significant improvement of our understanding of the key mechanisms in atherogenesis. Chapter 6 describes the development of an easy-to-prepare, low cost and fully customizable artery model based on biomaterials. Here, thermoresponsive sacrificial scaffolds, processed with the technique of MEW were used for the creation of variable, biomimetic shapes to mimic the geometric properties of the aortic arch, consisting of both, bifurcations and curvatures. After embedding the sacrificial scaffold into a gelatin-hydrogel containing SMCs, it was crosslinked with bacterial transglutaminase before dissolution and flushing of the sacrificial scaffold. The hereby generated channel was subsequently seeded with ECs, resulting in an easy-to-prepare, fast and low-cost artery model. In contrast to the native artery model, this model is therefore more variable in size and shape and offers the possibility to include smooth muscle cells from the beginning. Moreover, a custom-built and highly adaptable perfusion chamber was designed specifically for the scaffold structure, which enabled a one-step creation and simultaneously offering the possibility for dynamic cultivation of the artery models, making it an excellent basis for the development of in vitro disease test systems for e.g., flow-related atherosclerosis research. Due to time constraints, the extension to an atherosclerosis model could not be achieved within the scope of this thesis. Therefore, future studies will focus on the development and validation of an in vitro atherosclerosis model based on the proposed bi- and three-layered artery models. In conclusion, this thesis paved the way for a fast acquisition and detailed analyses of changing hemodynamics during atherosclerosis development and progression, including spatially resolved analyses of all relevant hemodynamic parameters over time and in between different groups. Moreover, to reduce animal experiments, while gaining control over various parameters influencing atherosclerosis development, promising artery models were established, which have the potential to serve as a new platform for basic atherosclerosis research.}, subject = {H{\"a}modynamik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vogt2023, author = {Vogt, Fabian}, title = {Elektrochemisch abgeschiedenes Calciumhydroxid Ca(OH)\(_2\) als antibakterielle, antiinflammatorische und proosseointegrative Titanimplantat-Oberfl{\"a}chen-Modifikation im In vivo Versuch}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-34634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346343}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das Ziel der experimentellen Studie war die Erprobung der (bereits in vitro erfolgreich getesteten) Ca(OH)2-Beschichtung In vivo unter dem Aspekt, ob und inwieweit die antibakteriellen und somit auch antiinflammatorischen bzw. entz{\"u}ndungsmoderierenden Eigenschaften der Ca(OH)2-Beschichtung eine sinnvolle und effektive Erg{\"a}nzung zu den bisher erfolgreich eingesetzten Calciumphosphat(CaP)-Beschichtungen mit bewiesenen, guten proosseointegrativen Eigenschaften bei lasttragenden Implantaten sein k{\"o}nnen. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass die Ergebnisse der In vitro Untersuchung durch die In vivo Versuche in den Bereichen 0-100 KBE grunds{\"a}tzlich als gest{\"u}tzt gelten k{\"o}nnen. Die Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit der Wirkung durch Ca(OH)2 nimmt jedoch mit steigender KBE-Zahl ab, sodass weitere Testreihen sinnvoll sind.}, subject = {Calciumhydroxid}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mittmann2023, author = {Mittmann, Silvia}, title = {Etablierung von Hydroxylapatit-Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rpern zur in-vitro Qualifizierung von Knochenklebern}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29914}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299140}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollte herausgefunden werden, inwiefern Calciumorthophosphatzemente (CPC) daf{\"u}r geeignet sind, um als Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rper zur Qualifizierung von Knochenklebern zu dienen, und worin ihre Limitationen bestehen. Dazu sollte nicht nur ein materieller Vergleich verschiedener hydroxylapatitbildender Zemente mit Knochen erfolgen. Es sollte auch das Adh{\"a}sionsverhalten neuartiger Knochenkleber auf den verschiedenen Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rpermaterialien verglichen werden, um m{\"o}gliche R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse f{\"u}r die Eignung als standardisierbares in-vitro Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rpermaterial ziehen zu k{\"o}nnen. Gegenstand der Untersuchung war ein α-Tricalciumphosphat (α-TCP)-System und ein Tetracalciumphosphat (TTCP)-System welche im Rahmen einer Zement-Abbindereaktion calciumdefizit{\"a}ren Hydroxylapatit (CDHA) bzw. st{\"o}chiometrischen Hydroxylapatit (HA) bilden. Die Materialien wurden dazu verwendet Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rperteile in Form von Zylindern (5 x 5 mm) und Pl{\"a}ttchen (20 x 10 x 5 mm) herzustellen, die dann mit verschiedenen Knochenklebern verklebt werden konnten. Der st{\"a}rkste der verwendeten Kleber war ein Cyanoacrylat-Kleber (Truglue®). Er erzielte auf Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rpern aus Knochen nach 24-st{\"u}ndiger Lagerung in PBS mittlere Abscherfestigkeiten von ca. 4,22 ± 1,92 MPa. Als zweitst{\"a}rkster Kleber erwies sich ein neuartiger zementbasierter Kleber, der aus w{\"a}rmebehandeltem Trimagnesiumphosphat-Hydrat und Phosphoserin bestand. Dieser Kleber erzielte unter den gleichen Umst{\"a}nden mittlere Abscherfestigkeiten von ca. 1,89 ± 0,29 MPa. Etwas schw{\"a}cher schnitt ein ebenfalls neuartiger zementbasierter Kleber ab, der aus dem Magnesiumphosphat Farringtonit, sowie aus Magnesiumoxid und 25 \% Phytins{\"a}ure bestand. Dieser Kleber erzielte mittlere Abscherfestigkeiten von ca. 0,51 ± 0,16 MPa. Insgesamt haben die Untersuchungen gezeigt, dass die in-vitro Qualifizierung von Knochenklebern unter Verwendung von Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rpern aus Zement m{\"o}glich w{\"a}re. Die Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rper aus CDHA vereinten die meisten Vorteile und w{\"a}ren f{\"u}r Klebesysteme mit Abscherfestigkeiten von bis zu 2 MPa geeignet. Dabei erzeugten die Knochenkleber auf CDHA zwar abweichende Abscherfestigkeiten als auf Knochen, doch ließ sich ein vergleichbarer Trend bei stets reduzierten Varianzen erkennen. Durch die gute Konsistenz der Zementpaste war die Herstellung homogener Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rper m{\"o}glich. Aufgrund der Stabilit{\"a}t von CDHA unter w{\"a}ssrigen Bedingungen konnten Langzeitversuche ohne Einschr{\"a}nkungen vorgenommen werden. Die Limitationen der Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rper aus CDHA bestanden allerdings darin, dass sie nicht f{\"u}r Abscherversuche von st{\"a}rkeren Klebern geeignet waren. In solchen F{\"a}llen versagten die Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rper noch bevor die maximale Abscherfestigkeit des jeweiligen Klebers gemessen werden konnte.}, subject = {Knochenersatz}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Weichhold2023, author = {Weichhold, Jan Lukas}, title = {Injectable calcium phosphate-based bone replacement cements}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32661}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326616}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The human body has very good self-healing capabilities for numerous different injuries to a variety of different tissues. This includes the main human mechanical framework, the skeleton. The skeleton is limited in its healing without additional aid by medicine mostly by the defect size. When the defect reaches a size above 2.5 cm the regeneration of the defect ends up faulty. Here is where implants, defect fillers and other support approaches developed in medicine can help the body to heal the big defect still successfully. Usually sturdy implants (auto-/allo-/xenogenic) are implanted in the defect to bridge the distance, but for auto- and allogenic implants a suitable donor site must be found and for all sources the implant needs to be shaped into the defect specific site to ensure a perfect fit, the best support and good healing. This shaping is very time consuming and prone to error, already in the planning phase. The use of a material that is moldable and sets in the desired shape shortly after applying negates these disadvantages. Cementitious materials offer exactly this property by being in a pasty stage after the powder and liquid components have been mixed and the subsequently hardening to a solid implant. These properties also enable the extrusion, and therefore may also enable the injection, of the cement via a syringe in a minimal invasive approach. To enable a good injection of the cement modifications are necessary. This work aimed to modify commonly used calcium phosphate-based cement systems based on α-TCP (apatitic) and β-TCP (brushitic). These have been modified with sodium phytate and phytic acid, respectively. Additionally, the α-TCP system has been modified with sodium pyrophosphate, in a second study, to create a storable aqueous paste that can be activated once needed with a highly concentrated sodium orthophosphate solution. The powder phase of the α-TCP cement system consisted of nine parts α-TCP and one part CDHA. These were prepared to have different particle sizes and therefore enable a better powder flowability through the bimodal size distribution. α-TCP had a main particle size of 20 μm and CDHA of 2.6 μm. The modification with sodium phytate led to an adsorption of phytate ions on the surface of the α-TCP particles, where they started to form complexes with the Ca2+ ions in the solution. This adsorption had two effects. The first was to make the calcium ions unavailable, preventing supersaturation and ultimately the precipitation of CDHA what would lead to the cement hardening. The second was the increase of the absolute value of the surface charge, zeta potential, of the powder in the cement paste. Here a decrease from +3 mV to -40 mV could be measured. A strong value for the zeta potential leads to a higher repulsion of similarly charged particles and therefore prevents powder agglomeration and clogging on the nozzle during injection. These two modifications (bimodal particles size distribution and phytic acid) lead to a significant increase in the paste injectability. The unmodified paste was injectable for 30 \% only, where all modified pastes were practically fully injectable ~90 \% (the residual paste remained in the nozzle, while the syringe plunger already reached the end of the syringe). A very similar observation could be made for the β-TCP system. This system was modified with phytic acid. The zeta potential was decreased even stronger from -10 ± 1.5 mV to -71.5 ± 12 mV. The adsorption of the phytate ions and subsequent formation of chelate complexes with the newly dissolved Ca2+ ions also showed a retarding effect in the cements setting reaction. Where the unmodified cement was not measurable in the rheometer, as the reaction was faster than the measurement setup (~1.5 min), the modified cements showed a transition through the gel point between 3-6 min. This means the pastes stayed between 2 and 4 times longer viscous than without the modification. Like with the first cement system also here the effects of the phytate addition showed its beneficial influence in the injectability measurement. The unmodified cement was not injectable at all, due to the same issue already encountered at the rheology measurements, but all modified pastes were fully injectable for at least 5 min (lowest phytate concentration) and at least 10 min (all other concentrations) after the mixing of powder and liquid. The main goal of the last modification with sodium pyrophosphate was to create a paste that was stable in aqueous environment without setting until the activation takes place, but it should still show good injectability as this was the desired way of application after activation. Like before also the zeta potential changed after the addition of pyrophosphate. It could be lowered from -22 ± 2mV down to -61 to -68 ± 4mV (depending on the pyrophosphate concentration). The pastes were stored in airtight containers at room temperature and checked for their phase composition over 14 days. The unmodified paste showed a beginning phase conversion to hydroxyapatite between 7 and 14 days. All other pastes were still stable and unreacted. The pastes were activated with a high concentrated (30 wt\%) sodium orthophosphate solution. After the activation the pastes were checked for their injectability and showed an increase from -57 ± 11\% for the unmodified paste to -89 ± 3\% (practically fully injectable as described earlier) for the best modified paste (PP005). It can be concluded that the goal of enabling full injection of conventional calcium phosphate bone cement systems was reached. Additional work produced a storage stable paste that still ensures full injectability. Subsequent work already used the storable paste and modified it with hyaluronic acid to create an ink for 3D extrusion printing. The first two cement systems have also already been investigated in cell culture for their influence on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The next steps would have to go more into the direction of translation. Figuring out what properties still need to be checked and where the modification needs adjustment to enable a clinical use of the presented systems.}, subject = {Calciumphosphat}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Renner2023, author = {Renner, Tobias}, title = {Neue adh{\"a}sive mineral-organische Knochenzemente auf Basis von Phosphoserin und Magnesiumphosphaten bzw. -oxiden}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32321}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323210}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Heutige chirurgische Situationen k{\"o}nnen zeitweise den Einsatz eines Knochenkleber erfordern, welcher sich jedoch noch nicht in der klinischen Praxis etablieren konnte. In j{\"u}ngster Vergangenheit haben mit Phosphoserin modifizierte Zemente (PMC) auf der Grundlage von Verbindungen zwischen o-Phosphoserin (OPLS) und Calciumphosphaten wie Tetracalciumphosphat (TTCP) oder α-Tricalciumphosphat (α-TCP) an Popularit{\"a}t gewonnen. Ebenso bekommen chelatbildende Magnesiumphosphatzemente als mineralische Knochenadh{\"a}sive mehr Zuspruch. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue mineralorganische Knochenzemente auf der Basis von Phosphoserin und Magnesiumphosphaten oder -oxiden untersucht, die hervorragende Hafteigenschaften besitzen. Diese wurden mittels R{\"o}ntgenbeugung, Fourier-Infrarot-Spektroskopie und Elektronenmikroskopie analysiert und mechanischen Tests unterzogen, um die Haftfestigkeit am Knochen nach Alterung unter physiologischen Bedingungen zu bestimmen. Die neuartigen biomineralischen Klebstoffe zeigen eine ausgezeichnete Haftfestigkeit an Knochen mit etwa 6,6-7,3 MPa unter Scherbelastung. Die Adh{\"a}sive sind auch aufgrund ihres koh{\"a}siven Versagensmusters und ihres duktilen Charakters vielversprechend. In diesem Zusammenhang sind die neuen adh{\"a}siven Zemente den derzeit vorherrschenden Knochenadh{\"a}siven {\"u}berlegen. Erg{\"a}nzend wurde versucht, dieses neue System mit unterschiedlichen Additiven zu modifizieren. Dabei wurde Mannit erfolgreich als Porogen verwendet. Dreiarmiges sternf{\"o}rmiges NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) sollte die adh{\"a}siven Eigenschaften und das Leistungspotenzial unter Wasser verbessern. Zuletzt wurden mit Glycerol pr{\"a}fabrizierte Pasten hergestellt, welche gelagert werden k{\"o}nnen und bei Kontakt mit Wasser aush{\"a}rten. Generell ist zu betonen, dass k{\"u}nftige Bem{\"u}hungen um Knochenklebstoffe aus Phosphoserin und Mg2+ sehr lohnenswert erscheinen.}, subject = {Phosphoserin}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gefel2023, author = {Gefel, Eugen}, title = {Zellul{\"a}re Resorption 3D-gedruckter Knochenimplantate auf Basis von Calciummagnesiumphosphaten}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32224}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322248}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {F{\"u}r die Behandlung von Knochendefekten kritischer Gr{\"o}ße gibt es heute eine Reihe von Therapiem{\"o}glichkeiten. Neuartige Ans{\"a}tze mit Magnesiumphosphat- (MPC) und Calciummagnesiumphosphatzementen (CMPC) haben sich als echte Alternativen zu den etablierten Calciumphosphaten erwiesen. Ziel war es, die Osteoklastogenese in vitro auf 3D-pulvergedrucktem CMPC und MPC zu induzieren und die zellul{\"a}re Resorption (zR) zu analysieren. Polystyrol (PS), Glas, β-TCP und Brushit-bildender Zement dienten als Referenzen. Als Proben wurden Zemente der allgemeinen st{\"o}chiometrischen Summenformel CaxMg(3-x)(PO4)2 (x = 0; 0,25; 0,75; 3) verwendet, die Struvit oder Newberyit enthielten. F{\"u}r die Osteoklastogenese wurden monozytenangereicherte PBMCs aus Buffy-Coat mittels dreifacher Dichtegradientenzentrifugation isoliert, auf die Pr{\"u}foberfl{\"a}chen ausges{\"a}t und {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 22 Tagen mit Zytokinen (M-CSF und RANKL) stimuliert. Die Interaktion der Zellen mit den Zementen bzw. PS/Glas wurde mittels TRAP-F{\"a}rbung und -Aktivit{\"a}t, DNA- und Ionenkonzentrationen (Ca2+, Mg2+, PO43-, pH-Wert), Rasterelektronen-, Durchlicht-, Auflicht- und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie analysiert. Auf den Struvit- und Newberyit-bildenden Zementen konnten keine f{\"u}r Osteoklasten typischen Riesenzellen nachgewiesen werden. Auf den Struvit-bildenden Zementen wurde deutlich mehr mononukle{\"a}re Zellen nachgewiesen wurden als auf den Newberyit-bildenden Zementen. W{\"a}hrend die Freisetzung von Mg2+ und PO43- ausschließlich durch die chemische Degradation erfolgte, wurde Ca2+ zun{\"a}chst adsorbiert und anschließend durch zR freigesetzt. Die erh{\"o}hte Ca2+-Adsorption im Vergleich zur Ca2+-Resorption f{\"u}hrte insgesamt zu einer Calcium-Pr{\"a}zipitation. Da lediglich auf β-TCP Resorptionslakunen beobachtet wurden, wird angenommen, dass auf den CMPC, MPC und Brushite-bildenden Zementen die zellvermittelte Ca2+-Freisetzung von den Pr{\"a}zipitaten ausging, die von Makrophagen auf den Zementen und/oder Riesenzellen auf den Wellplatten resorbiert wurden.}, subject = {Knochenzement}, language = {de} } @article{JanzenBakirciFaberetal.2022, author = {Janzen, Dieter and Bakirci, Ezgi and Faber, Jessica and Andrade Mier, Mateo and Hauptstein, Julia and Pal, Arindam and Forster, Leonard and Hazur, Jonas and Boccaccini, Aldo R. and Detsch, Rainer and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg and Budday, Silvia and Blunk, Torsten and Dalton, Paul D. and Villmann, Carmen}, title = {Reinforced Hyaluronic Acid-Based Matrices Promote 3D Neuronal Network Formation}, series = {Advanced Healthcare Materials}, volume = {11}, journal = {Advanced Healthcare Materials}, number = {21}, doi = {10.1002/adhm.202201826}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318682}, year = {2022}, abstract = {3D neuronal cultures attempt to better replicate the in vivo environment to study neurological/neurodegenerative diseases compared to 2D models. A challenge to establish 3D neuron culture models is the low elastic modulus (30-500 Pa) of the native brain. Here, an ultra-soft matrix based on thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) reinforced with a microfiber frame is formulated and used. Hyaluronic acid represents an essential component of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM). Box-shaped frames with a microfiber spacing of 200 µm composed of 10-layers of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers (9.7 ± 0.2 µm) made via melt electrowriting (MEW) are used to reinforce the HA-SH matrix which has an elastic modulus of 95 Pa. The neuronal viability is low in pure HA-SH matrix, however, when astrocytes are pre-seeded below this reinforced construct, they significantly support neuronal survival, network formation quantified by neurite length, and neuronal firing shown by Ca\(^{2+}\) imaging. The astrocyte-seeded HA-SH matrix is able to match the neuronal viability to the level of Matrigel, a gold standard matrix for neuronal culture for over two decades. Thus, this 3D MEW frame reinforced HA-SH composite with neurons and astrocytes constitutes a reliable and reproducible system to further study brain diseases.}, language = {en} } @article{LambergerZainuddinScheibeletal.2023, author = {Lamberger, Zan and Zainuddin, Shakir and Scheibel, Thomas and Lang, Gregor}, title = {Polymeric Janus Fibers}, series = {ChemPlusChem}, volume = {88}, journal = {ChemPlusChem}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1002/cplu.202200371}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318516}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Janus fibers are a class of composite materials comprising mechanical and chemical to biological functionality. Combining different materials and functionalities in one micro- or even nanoscale fiber enables otherwise unreachable synergistic physicochemical effects with unprecedented opportunities for technical or biomedical applications. Here, recent developments of processing technologies and applications of polymeric Janus fibers will be reviewed. Various examples in the fields of textiles, catalysis, sensors as well as medical applications, like drug delivery systems, tissue engineering and antimicrobial materials, are presented to illuminate the outstanding potential of such high-end functional materials for novel applications in the upcoming future.}, language = {en} } @article{KadeBakirciTandonetal.2022, author = {Kade, Juliane C. and Bakirci, Ezgi and Tandon, Biranche and Gorgol, Danila and Mrlik, Miroslav and Luxenhofer, Robert and Dalton, Paul D.}, title = {The Impact of Including Carbonyl Iron Particles on the Melt Electrowriting Process}, series = {Macromolecular Materials and Engineering}, volume = {307}, journal = {Macromolecular Materials and Engineering}, number = {12}, issn = {1438-7492}, doi = {10.1002/mame.202200478}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318482}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Melt electrowriting, a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique, is used in this study to process a magnetic polymer-based blend for the first time. Carbonyl iron (CI) particles homogenously distribute into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) melts to result in well-defined, highly porous structures or scaffolds comprised of fibers ranging from 30 to 50 µm in diameter. This study observes that CI particle incorporation is possible up to 30 wt\% without nozzle clogging, albeit that the highest concentration results in heterogeneous fiber morphologies. In contrast, the direct writing of homogeneous PVDF fibers with up to 15 wt\% CI is possible. The fibers can be readily displaced using magnets at concentrations of 1 wt\% and above. Combined with good viability of L929 CC1 cells using Live/Dead imaging on scaffolds for all CI concentrations indicates that these formulations have potential for the usage in stimuli-responsive applications such as 4D printing.}, language = {en} } @article{RymaGencNadernezhadetal.2022, author = {Ryma, Matthias and Gen{\c{c}}, Hatice and Nadernezhad, Ali and Paulus, Ilona and Schneidereit, Dominik and Friedrich, Oliver and Andelovic, Kristina and Lyer, Stefan and Alexiou, Christoph and Cicha, Iwona and Groll, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A Print-and-Fuse Strategy for Sacrificial Filaments Enables Biomimetically Structured Perfusable Microvascular Networks with Functional Endothelium Inside 3D Hydrogels}, series = {Advanced Materials}, volume = {34}, journal = {Advanced Materials}, number = {28}, doi = {10.1002/adma.202200653}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318532}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A facile and flexible approach for the integration of biomimetically branched microvasculature within bulk hydrogels is presented. For this, sacrificial scaffolds of thermoresponsive poly(2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PcycloPrOx) are created using melt electrowriting (MEW) in an optimized and predictable way and subsequently placed into a customized bioreactor system, which is then filled with a hydrogel precursor solution. The aqueous environment above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PcycloPrOx at 25 °C swells the polymer without dissolving it, resulting in fusion of filaments that are deposited onto each other (print-and-fuse approach). Accordingly, an adequate printing pathway design results in generating physiological-like branchings and channel volumes that approximate Murray's law in the geometrical ratio between parent and daughter vessels. After gel formation, a temperature decrease below the LCST produces interconnected microchannels with distinct inlet and outlet regions. Initial placement of the sacrificial scaffolds in the bioreactors in a pre-defined manner directly yields perfusable structures via leakage-free fluid connections in a reproducible one-step procedure. Using this approach, rapid formation of a tight and biologically functional endothelial layer, as assessed not only through fluorescent dye diffusion, but also by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation, is obtained within three days.}, language = {en} } @article{WeiglBlumSanchoetal.2022, author = {Weigl, Franziska and Blum, Carina and Sancho, Ana and Groll, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Correlative Analysis of Intra- Versus Extracellular Cell Detachment Events via the Alignment of Optical Imaging and Detachment Force Quantification}, series = {Advanced Materials Technologies}, volume = {7}, journal = {Advanced Materials Technologies}, number = {11}, issn = {2365-709X}, doi = {10.1002/admt.202200195}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318544}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In recent decades, hybrid characterization systems have become pillars in the study of cellular biomechanics. Especially, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is combined with a variety of optical microscopy techniques to discover new aspects of cell adhesion. AFM, however, is limited to the early-stage of cell adhesion, so that the forces of mature cell contacts cannot be addressed. Even though the invention of Fluidic Force Microscopy (FluidFM) overcomes these limitations by combining the precise force-control of AFM with microfluidics, the correlative investigation of detachment forces arising from spread mammalian cells has been barely achieved. Here, a novel multifunctional device integrating Fluorescence Microscopy (FL) into FluidFM technology (FL-FluidFM) is introduced, enabling real-time optical tracking of entire cell detachment processes in parallel to the undisturbed acquisition of force-distance curves. This setup, thus, allows for entailing two pieces of information at once. As proof-of-principle experiment, this method is applied to fluorescently labeled rat embryonic fibroblast (REF52) cells, demonstrating a precise matching between identified force-jumps and visualized cellular unbinding steps. This study, thus, presents a novel characterization tool for the correlated evaluation of mature cell adhesion, which has great relevance, for instance, in the development of biomaterials or the fight against diseases such as cancer.}, language = {en} } @article{PienBartolf–KoppParmentieretal.2022, author = {Pien, Nele and Bartolf-Kopp, Michael and Parmentier, Laurens and Delaey, Jasper and de Vos, Lobke and Mantovani, Diego and van Vlierberghe, Sandra and Dubruel, Peter and Jungst, Tomasz}, title = {Melt Electrowriting of a Photo-Crosslinkable Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Material into Tubular Constructs with Predefined Architecture and Tunable Mechanical Properties}, series = {Macromolecular Materials and Engineering}, volume = {307}, journal = {Macromolecular Materials and Engineering}, number = {7}, issn = {1438-7492}, doi = {10.1002/mame.202200097}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318524}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing process that produces highly defined constructs with elements in the micrometer range. A specific configuration of MEW enables printing tubular constructs to create small-diameter tubular structures. The small pool of processable materials poses a bottleneck for wider application in biomedicine. To alleviate this obstacle, an acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymer (AUP), using a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (molar mass: 20 000 g mol\(^{-1}\)) (AUP PCL20k) as backbone material, is synthesized and utilized for MEW. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the successful modification of the PCL backbone with photo-crosslinkable acrylate endgroups. Printing experiments of AUP PCL20k reveal limited printability but the photo-crosslinking ability is preserved post-printing. To improve printability and to tune the mechanical properties of printed constructs, the AUP-material is blended with commercially available PCL (AUP PCL20k:PCL in ratios 80:20, 60:40, 50:50). Print fidelity improves for 60:40 and 50:50 blends. Blending enables modification of the constructs' mechanical properties to approximate the range of blood vessels for transplantation surgeries. The crosslinking-ability of the material allows pure AUP to be manipulated post-printing and illustrates significant differences in mechanical properties of 80:20 blends after crosslinking. An in vitro cell compatibility assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells also demonstrates the material's non-cytotoxicity.}, language = {en} } @article{HaagSonnleitnerLangetal.2022, author = {Haag, Hannah and Sonnleitner, David and Lang, Gregor and Dalton, Paul D.}, title = {Melt electrowriting to produce microfiber fragments}, series = {Polymers for Advanced Technologies}, volume = {33}, journal = {Polymers for Advanced Technologies}, number = {6}, issn = {1042-7147}, doi = {10.1002/pat.5641}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318465}, pages = {1989 -- 1992}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{BoehmTandonHrynevichetal.2022, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christoph and Tandon, Biranche and Hrynevich, Andrei and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg and Dalton, Paul D.}, title = {Processing of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microfibers via Melt Electrowriting}, series = {Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {223}, journal = {Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1002/macp.202100417}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318444}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Polymers sensitive to thermal degradation include poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), which is not yet processed via melt electrowriting (MEW). After an initial period of instability where mean fiber diameters increase from 20.56 to 27.37 µm in 3.5 h, processing stabilizes through to 24 h. The jet speed, determined using critical translation speed measurements, also reduces slightly in this 3.5 h period from 500 to 433 mm min\(^{-1}\) but generally remains constant. Acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) as an additive decreases the glass transition temperature of PLGA from 49 to 4 °C, and the printed ATEC/PLGA fibers exhibits elastomeric behavior upon handling. Fiber bundles tested in cyclic mechanical testing display increased elasticity with increasing ATEC concentration. The processing temperature of PLGA also reduces from 165 to 143 °C with increase in ATEC concentration. This initial window of unstable direct writing seen with neat PLGA can also be impacted through the addition of 10-wt\% ATEC, producing fiber diameters of 14.13 ± 1.69 µm for the first 3.5 h of heating. The investigation shows that the initial changes to the PLGA direct-writing outcomes seen in the first 3.5 h are temporary and that longer times result in a more stable MEW process.}, language = {en} } @article{KadeOttoLuxenhoferetal.2021, author = {Kade, Juliane C. and Otto, Paul F. and Luxenhofer, Robert and Dalton, Paul D.}, title = {Melt electrowriting of poly(vinylidene difluoride) using a heated collector}, series = {Polymers for Advanced Technologies}, volume = {32}, journal = {Polymers for Advanced Technologies}, number = {12}, issn = {1042-7147}, doi = {10.1002/pat.5463}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318493}, pages = {4951 -- 4955}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Previous research on the melt electrowriting (MEW) of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) resulted in electroactive fibers, however, printing more than five layers is challenging. Here, we investigate the influence of a heated collector to adjust the solidification rate of the PVDF jet so that it adheres sufficiently to each layer. A collector temperature of 110°C is required to improve fiber processing, resulting in a total of 20 fiber layers. For higher temperatures and higher layers, an interesting phenomenon occurred, where the intersection points of the fibers coalesced into periodic spheres of diameter 206 ± 52 μm (26G, 150°C collector temperature, 2000 mm/min, 10 layers in x- and y-direction).The heated collector is an important component of a MEW printer that allows polymers with a high melting point to be processable with increased layers.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandForsterBoecketal.2022, author = {Brand, Jessica S. and Forster, Leonard and B{\"o}ck, Thomas and Stahlhut, Philipp and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Albrecht, Krystyna}, title = {Covalently Cross-Linked Pig Gastric Mucin Hydrogels Prepared by Radical-Based Chain-Growth and Thiol-ene Mechanisms}, series = {Macromolecular Bioscience}, volume = {22}, journal = {Macromolecular Bioscience}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1002/mabi.202100274}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318453}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Mucin, a high molecular mass hydrophilic glycoprotein, is the main component of mucus that coats every wet epithelium in animals. It is thus intrinsically biocompatible, and with its protein backbone and the o-glycosidic bound oligosaccharides, it contains a plethora of functional groups which can be used for further chemical modifications. Here, chain-growth and step-growth (thiol-ene) free-radical cross-linked hydrogels prepared from commercially available pig gastric mucin (PGM) are introduced and compared as cost-efficient and easily accessible alternative to the more broadly applied bovine submaxillary gland mucin. For this, PGM is functionalized with photoreactive acrylate groups or allyl ether moieties, respectively. Whereas homopolymerization of acrylate-functionalized polymers is performed, for thiol-ene cross-linking, the allyl-ether-functionalized PGM is cross-linked with thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid. Morphology, mechanical properties, and cell compatibility of both kinds of PGM hydrogels are characterized and compared. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of these hydrogels can be evaluated in cell culture experiments.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dahinten2023, author = {Dahinten, Anna}, title = {Baghdadit - Biozemente in der Anwendung als endodontischer Funktionswerkstoff}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-31989}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319892}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In k{\"u}rzlich erschienenen Studien hat sich die Zementformulierung Baghdadit (Ca3ZrSi2O9) durch Eigenschaften wie eine hydraulische Aktivit{\"a}t, R{\"o}ntgenopazit{\"a}t und bioaktive Wirkung als potenzielles Material f{\"u}r die endodontische Anwendung qualifiziert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Baghdadit als einphasigen Biozement und in Form verschiedener Materialzusammensetzungen auf vorteilhafte Eigenschaften im Hinblick auf die Anwendung als endodontischen Funktionswerkstoff zu untersuchen. Nach eigenst{\"a}ndiger Herstellung des mechanisch aktivierten Zementpulvers Ca3ZrSi2O9, erfolgte die Charakterisierung der verschiedenen Zementformulierungen maBag, Bag100Bru und Bag50Bru hinsichtlich der Injizierbarkeit, des pH-Verlaufs w{\"a}hrend der Abbindung, der Druckfestigkeit und Phasenzusammensetzung mittels XRD. Daneben wurde Baghdadit zu je drei verschiedenen Gewichtsanteilen als F{\"u}llstoff in eine Methacrylat-basierte Matrix integriert und hinsichtlich der Fließf{\"a}higkeit entsprechend der Norm DIN EN ISO 6876:2012, des qualitativen Polymerisationsgrads und der Druckfestigkeit gepr{\"u}ft. Mit einer Auswahl der oben genannten Materialien erfolgte die Untersuchung der antibakteriellen Wirksamkeit, der R{\"o}ntgensichtbarkeit orientierend an der Norm DIN EN ISO 13116:2014 und der Dichtigkeit im Wurzelkanal.}, subject = {Endodontie}, language = {de} }