@phdthesis{Balonov2023,
  author    = {Balonov, Ilja},
  title     = {Untersuchung des Metaboloms von Patienten mit Adipositas III° vor und nach chirurgischer bzw. konservativer Therapie (W{\"u}rzburg Adipositas Studie) sowie im Tiermodell},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32828},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328286},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die Auswirkungen der chirurgischen und konservativen Adipositastherapie auf das Metabolom sind bisher nicht eindeutig gekl{\"a}rt. Der Ver{\"a}nderung bestimmter Metaboliten, darunter den verzweigtkettigen Aminos{\"a}uren (BCAA) und den langkettigen Phosphatidylcholinen (PC) bzw. Lecithinen, wird eine tragende Rolle im Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsel zugesprochen. Eine Erhebung von metabolomischen Profilen und deren funktionelle Aufteilung in Aminos{\"a}uren- und Lipidprofile bietet eine neue M{\"o}glichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Stoffwechsels. Im Vergleich zu der konservativen Therapie wurde nach der RYGB Operation ein signifikanter Anstieg der Lecithine sowie ein signifikanter Abfall der BCAA festgestellt, welche als m{\"o}gliche Biomarker des Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsels gezeigt wurden. In Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse kann angenommen werden, dass die chirurgische Therapie der konservativen Therapie, wie sie in der WAS durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde, im Hinblick auf den Gewichtsverlust und die Verbesserung des Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsels {\"u}berlegen ist. Die Erhebung des Metaboloms bietet eine neue M{\"o}glichkeit Unterschiede im Stoffwechsel nach Adipositastherapie abzubilden und Metaboliten zu identifizieren, welche mit dem Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsel assoziiert sind.},
  subject      = {Adipositas},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RaheemTawfikeAbdelmohsenetal.2019,
  author    = {Raheem, Dotsha J. and Tawfike, Ahmed F. and Abdelmohsen, Usama R. and Edrada-Ebel, RuAngelie and Fitzsimmons-Thoss, Vera},
  title     = {Application of metabolomics and molecular networking in investigating the chemical profile and antitrypanosomal activity of British bluebells (\(Hyacinthoides\) \(non-scripta\))},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-019-38940-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224935},
  pages     = {2547, 1-13},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Bulb, leaf, scape and flower samples of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) were collected regularly for one growth period. Methanolic extracts of freeze-dried and ground samples showed antitrypanosomal activity, giving more than 50\% inhibition, for 20 out of 41 samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used in the dereplication of the methanolic extracts of the different plant parts. The results revealed differences in the chemical profile with bulb samples being distinctly different from all aerial parts. High molecular weight metabolites were more abundant in the flowers, shoots and leaves compared to smaller molecular weight ones in the bulbs. The anti-trypanosomal activity of the extracts was linked to the accumulation of high molecular weight compounds, which were matched with saponin glycosides, while triterpenoids and steroids occurred in the inactive extracts. Dereplication studies were employed to identify the significant metabolites via chemotaxonomic filtration and considering their previously reported bioactivities. Molecular networking was implemented to look for similarities in fragmentation patterns between the isolated saponin glycoside at m/z 1445.64 [M + formic-H](-) equivalent to C64H104O33 and the putatively found active metabolite at m/z 1283.58 [M + formic-H](-) corresponding to scillanoside L-1. A combination of metabolomics and bioactivity-guided approaches resulted in the isolation of a norlanostane-type saponin glycoside with antitrypanosoma I activity of 98.9\% inhibition at 20 mu M.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YoussifHaggagElshamyetal.2019,
  author    = {Youssif, Khayrya A. and Haggag, Eman G. and Elshamy, Ali M. and Rabeh, Mohamed A. and Gabr, Nagwan M. and Seleem, Amany and Salem, M. Alaraby and Hussein, Ahmed S. and Krischke, Markus and Mueller, Martin J. and Ramadan Abdelmohsen, Usama},
  title     = {Anti-Alzheimer potential, metabolomic profiling and molecular docking of green synthesized silver nanoparticles of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea aqueous extracts},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0223781},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202696},
  pages     = {e0223781},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using plant extracts is an eco-friendly method. It is a single step and offers several advantages such as time reducing, cost-effective and environmental non-toxic. Silver nanoparticles are a type of Noble metal nanoparticles and it has tremendous applications in the field of diagnostics, therapeutics, antimicrobial activity, anticancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, the aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Lampranthus coccineus and Malephora lutea F. Aizoaceae were successfully used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles was early detected by a color change from pale yellow to reddish-brown color and was further confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). The TEM analysis of showed spherical nanoparticles with a mean size between 12.86 nm and 28.19 nm and the UV- visible spectroscopy showed λ\(_{max}\) of 417 nm, which confirms the presence of nanoparticles. The neuroprotective potential of SNPs was evaluated by assessing the antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Metabolomic profiling was performed on methanolic extracts of L. coccineus and M. lutea and resulted in the identification of 12 compounds, then docking was performed to investigate the possible interaction between the identified compounds and human acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and glutathione transferase receptor, which are associated with the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Overall our SNPs highlighted its promising potential in terms of anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity as plant-based anti-Alzheimer drug and against oxidative stress.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Langhammer2018,
  author    = {Langhammer, Romy},
  title     = {Metabolomic Imaging for Human Prostate Cancer Detection using MR Spectroscopy at 7T},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165772},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a major health concern in men of the Western World. However, we still lack effective diagnostic tools a) for an effective screening with both high sensitivity and specificity, b) to guide biopsies and avoid histology sampling errors and c) to predict tumor aggressiveness in order to avoid overtreatment. Therefore, a more reliable, highly cancer-specific and ideally in vivo approach is needed. The present study has been designed in order to further develop and test the method of "metabolomic imaging" using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T to address those challenges. METHODS. Thirty whole prostates with biopsy-proven PCa were in vitro analyzed with a 7T human MR scanner. A voxel grid containing the spectral information was overlaid with the MR image of the middle transverse cross-sectional plane of each case. Subsequent histopathological evaluation of the prostate specimen followed. After the spectral output was processed, all voxels were compared with a metabolomic PCa profile, which had been established within a preliminary study, in order to create a metabolomic map indicating MRS cancer-suspicious regions. Those regions were compared with the histologically identified tumor lesions regarding location. RESULTS. Sixty-one percent of the histological cancer lesions were detected by metabolomic imaging. Among the cases with PCa on the examined slice, 75\% were identified as cancerous. None of the tested features significantly differed between detected and undetected cancer lesions. A defined "Malignancy Index" (MI) significantly differentiated between MRS-suspicious lesions corresponding with a histological cancer lesion and benign lesions (p = 0.006) with an overall accuracy of 70\%. The MI furthermore showed a positive correlation with the Gleason grade (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION. A new approach within PCa diagnostics was developed with spectral analysis including the whole measureable metabolome - referred to as "metabolomics" - rather than focusing on single metabolites. The MI facilitates precise tumor detection and may additionally serve as a marker for tumor aggressiveness. Metabolomic imaging might contribute to a highly cancer-specific in vivo diagnostic protocol for PCa.},
  subject      = {Prostatakrebs},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Cheng2017,
  author    = {Cheng, Cheng},
  title     = {Metabolomics and dereplication-based isolation of novel bioactive natural products from marine sponge-associated actinomycetes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136587},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Marine sponge-associated actinomycetes are considered as promising source for the discovery of novel biologically active compounds. Metabolomics coupled multivariate analysis can efficiently reduce the chemical redundancy of re-isolating known compounds at the very early stage of natural product discovery. This Ph.D. project aimed to isolate biologically active secondary metabolites from actinomycetes associated with different Mediterranean sponges with the assistance of metabolomics tools to implement a rapid dereplication and chemically distinct candidate targeting for further up-scaling compounds isolation. This study first focused on the recovery of actinomycetes from marine sponges by various cultivation efforts. Twelve different media and two separate pre-treatments of each bacterial extract were designed and applied to facilitate actinomycete diversity and richness. A total of 64 actinomycetes were isolated from 12 different marine sponge species. The isolates were affiliated to 23 genera representing 8 different suborders based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four putatively novel species belonging to the genera Geodermatophilus, Microlunatus, Rhodococcus, and Actinomycetospora were identified based on a sequence similarity <98.5\% to validly described 16S rRNA gene sequences. 20\% of the isolated actinomycetes was shown to exhibit diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-Bacillus sp., anti-Aspergillus sp., and antitrypanosomal activities. The metabolomics approaches combined with the bioassay results identified two candidate strains Streptomyces sp. SBT348 and Streptomyces sp. SBT345 for further up-scaling cultivation and compounds isolation. Four compounds were isolated from Streptomyces sp. SBT348. Three of these compounds including the new cyclic dipeptide petrocidin A were previously highlighted in the metabolomics analyses, corroborating the feasibility of metabolomics approaches in novel compounds discovery. These four compounds were also tested against two pathogen microorganisms since the same activities were shown in their crude extract in the preliminary bioassay screening, however none of them displayed the expected activities, which may ascribe to the insufficient amount obtained. Streptomyces sp. SBT345 yielded 5 secondary metabolites, three of which were identified as new natural products, namely strepthonium A, ageloline A and strepoxazine A. Strepthonium A inhibited the production of Shiga toxin produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli at a concentration of 80 μM, without interfering with the bacterial growth. Ageloline A exhibited antioxidant activity and inhibited the inclusion of Chlamydia trachomatis with an IC50 value of 9.54 ± 0.36 μM. Strepoxazine A displayed antiproliferative property towards human promyelocytic HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 16 μg/ml. 11 These results highlighted marine sponges as a rich source for novel actinomycetes and further exhibited the significance of marine sponge-associated actinomycetes as promising producers of novel biologically active compounds. The chemometrics coupled metabolomics approach also demonstrated its feasibility and efficacy in natural product discovery.},
  subject      = {Actinomyces},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wagner2008,
  author    = {Wagner, Silvia},
  title     = {Identifizierung von Biomarkern mittels LC-MS-basiertem Metabonomics - Merkapturs{\"a}uren als Indikatoren f{\"u}r die Bildung toxischer Intermediate},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35760},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Metabonomics bildet das Ende der Omics-Kaskade und stellt eine top-down-Strategie zur Erfassung und Interpretation des Metaboloms, d. h. der Gesamtheit aller niedermolekularen Metaboliten in einem intakten Organismus, dar. Ziel der Technik ist es, mittels geeigneter ungerichteter Screeningverfahren in nicht-invasiv zu gewinnenden biologischen Proben wie Urin oder Blut charakteristische Metabolitenprofile zu bestimmen. Im Kontext des Metabonomics wurde in Anlehnung an den Geno- bzw. Ph{\"a}notyp hierf{\"u}r der Begriff „Metabotyp" gepr{\"a}gt. Durch biostatistische Methoden, die auf Mustererkennung (pattern recognition) basieren, k{\"o}nnen Signaturen gegen{\"u}bergestellt und auf diesem Weg gruppenspezifische Metaboliten, d. h. Biomarker bzw. Metabolitenmuster, extrahiert werden. Metabonomics kann folglich als Fusion klassischer bioanalytischer und biostatistischer Verfahren aufgefasst werden. Seit der Einf{\"u}hrung im Jahr 1999 hat sich das Konzept des Metabonomics in mehrere Richtungen weiterentwickelt. So gab es Bestrebungen, die Technik, die urspr{\"u}nglich zur Pr{\"a}diktion von toxischen Effekten bei der Arzneistoffentwicklung etabliert wurde, auf Fragestellungen zu {\"u}bertragen, die den Menschen im Mittelpunkt haben. Neben pr{\"a}klinischen Anwendungen verfolgt man mit Metabonomics zunehmend das Ziel, einer personalisierten Medizin und Ern{\"a}hrung einen Schritt n{\"a}her zu kommen. Da sich die urspr{\"u}nglich eingesetzte NMR-Technik als zu unempfindlich und die resultierenden Metabolitenprofile als zu anf{\"a}llig gegen{\"u}ber biologischen und analytischen Einflussgr{\"o}ßen (Confoundern) erwiesen haben, wurde parallel auf sensitivere Verfahren wie die Massenspektrometrie gesetzt. Insbesondere die Kopplung mit der Hochdruckfl{\"u}ssigchromatographie erwies sich hierbei f{\"u}r das Metabolitenscreening als geeignet. Schnell wurde allerdings klar, dass aus den klassischen full scan/TOF-Methoden Datens{\"a}tze resultierten, die h{\"a}ufig zu komplex waren, um mit nachgeschalteten chemometrischen Verfahren die „Spreu vom Weizen trennen" zu k{\"o}nnen. Da sich Metabolitendatenbanken bisher noch im Aufbau befinden, ist die Identifizierung der Marker mit zus{\"a}tzlichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden und bedarf aufw{\"a}ndiger analytischer Verfahren. Eine Strategie stellt daher die Beschr{\"a}nkung auf ein Metabolitensubset dar. Indem man sich auf Metabolitenklassen fokussiert, die einen Bezug zum untersuchten Mechanismus haben, k{\"o}nnen die Erfolgsaussichten bei der Identifizierung charakteristischer Biomarker deutlich erh{\"o}ht werden. Aufgrund zahlreicher exogener und endogener Faktoren (Arzneistoffe, Industriechemikalien, Nahrungsbestandteile, Tabakrauchbestandteile, Produkte der Lipidperoxidation etc.) ist der menschliche Organismus stets einer Vielzahl an elektrophilen Verbindungen ausgesetzt. Oxidative Sch{\"a}digungen an Strukturen wie der DNA, Proteinen und Lipiden werden mit einer Reihe von Krankheitsbildern in Zusammenhang gebracht, darunter Parkinson, Alzheimer, Krebs und Volkskrankheiten wie Arteriosklerose, Allergien und koronare Herzerkrankungen. Mit dem Glutathionsystem verf{\"u}gt der K{\"o}rper {\"u}ber einen wirksamen Detoxifizierungsmechanismus. Das Tripeptid Glutathion reagiert als Nukleophil mit den exogen oder endogen gebildeten elektrophilen Intermediaten. Endprodukte sind Merkapturs{\"a}uren (N-Acetyl-L-Cystein-Addukte) bzw. deren Sulfoxide, die in erster Linie mit dem Urin ausgeschieden werden. Folglich besteht zwischen diesen Merkapturs{\"a}urederivaten und der elektrophilen Belastung eines Organismus ein direkter Zusammenhang. Vor diesem Hintergrund war es das Ziel der Arbeit, einen nicht-invasiven Metabonomicsansatz zur Anwendung am Menschen zu entwickeln. Durch die Fokussierung des Metabolitenscreenings auf die Effekt-, Dosis- und Suszeptibilit{\"a}tsmarkerklasse der Merkapturs{\"a}uren sollten hierbei die Erfolgsaussichten im Hinblick auf die Identifizierung potentieller Biomarker f{\"u}r diverse toxikologische sowie medizinische Endpunkte erh{\"o}ht werden.},
  subject      = {Metabolom},
  language  = {de}
}