@phdthesis{Lux2021, author = {Lux, Sophia Ellen}, title = {Einfluss von Tenting Screws auf die bukkale Volumenstabilit{\"a}t nach Augmentation mit zwei verschiedenen Kollagenmembranen - ein in vitro Versuch im Schweinekiefer}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-22954}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229549}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Zahnverlust geht bekannter Weise mit einem Verlust von Hart- und Weichgewebe einher. Mit der relativ neuen Tent-Pole Technik k{\"o}nnte der Volumenverlust durch den Wundverschluss bei Knochenaugmentation nach der GBR-Methode geringer ausfallen. In 10 Schweineunterkiefern wurden mit beiden Methoden augmentiert und mithilfe von Cerec- und DVT-Scans das Volumen vor und nach dem Wundverschluss verglichen. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass bei Verwendung einer Tenting Screw signifikant weniger Volumenverlust als bei Augmentation mit der GBR-Technik resultierte. Ein zus{\"a}tzlicher Vergleich von zwei Kollagenmembranen, OssixPlus und BioGide, im Hinblick auf den Widerstand gegen den Nahtverschluss zeigte im Signifikanztest keinen Vorteil der ribosekreuzvernetzten und steiferen OssixPlus Membran. Zahlreiche klinische Untersuchungen berichten im Zusammenhang mit der Tent Pole-Technik von komplikationslosem Einheilen, suffizientem Knochenaufbau und erfolgreicher Implantation. So k{\"o}nnte sich die Tenting Screw nach weiteren Untersuchungen im in vivo Modell zu einer eventuell ebenb{\"u}rtigen Alternative zum bisherigen Goldstandard, dem Knochenblock entwickeln. Dieser stellt sich im Vergleich als technikintensivere und, gerade bei autologem Material, als f{\"u}r den Patienten weniger komfortable Maßnahme dar.}, subject = {Knochenaufbau}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Demir2010, author = {Demir, Fatih}, title = {Lipid rafts in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53223}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Arabidopsis thaliana (A.th.) mesophyll cells play a pivotal role in the regulation of the drought stress response. The signaling \& transport components involved in drought stress regulation within lipid rafts of the plasma membrane were investigated by DRM isolation from highly purified plasma membranes. Detergent treatment with Brij-98 and Triton X-100 resulted in a total of 246 DRM proteins which were identified by nano HPLC-MS/MS. The majority of these proteins could be isolated by Triton X-100 treatment (78.5 \%) which remains the "golden" standard for the isolation of DRMs. Comparing in-gel and in-solution digestion approaches disclosed additional protein identifications for each method but the in-gel approach clearly delivered the majority of the identified proteins (81.8 \%). Functionally, a clear bias on signaling proteins was visible - almost 1/3 of the detected DRM proteins belonged to the group of kinases, phosphatases and other signaling proteins. Especially leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases and calcium-dependent protein kinases were present in Brij-98 \& Triton X-100 DRMs, for instance the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK21. Another prominent member of DRMs was the protein phosphatase 2C 56, ABI1, which is a key regulator of the ABA-mediated drought stress response in A.th. The lipid raft localization of the identified DRM proteins was confirmed by sterol-depletion with the chemical drug MCD. Proteins which depend upon a sterol-rich environment are depleted from DRMs by MCD application. Especially signaling proteins exhibited a strong sterol-dependency. They represented the vast majority (41.5 \%) among the Triton X-100 DRM proteins which were no longer detected following MCD treatment. AtRem 1.2 \& 1.3 could be shown to be sterol-dependent in mesophyll cells as well as two CPKs (CPK10 \& CPK21) and the protein phosphatase ABI1. AtRem 1.2 \& 1.3 could be proven to represent ideal plant lipid raft marker proteins due to their strong presence in Triton X-100 DRMs and dependency upon a sterol-rich environment. When fluorescence labeled AtRem 1.2 \& 1.3 were transiently expressed in A.th. leaves, they localized to small, patchy structures at the plasma membrane. CPK21 was an intrinsic member of Triton X-100 DRMs and displayed extreme susceptibility to sterol-depletion by MCD in immunological and proteomic assays. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) have already been studied to be involved in drought stress regulation, for instance at the regulation of S-type anion channels in guard cells. Hence, further transient expression studies with the anion channel SLAH3, protein kinase CPK21 and its counterpart, protein phosphatase ABI1 were performed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transient co-expression of CPK21 and the anion channel SLAH3, a highly mesophyll- specific homologue of the guard cell anion channel SLAC1, resulted in a combined, sterol-dependent localization of both proteins in DRMs. Supplementary co-expression of the counterpart protein phosphatase ABI1 induced dislocation of SLAH3 from DRMs, probably by inactivation of the protein kinase CPK21. CPK21 is known to regulate the anion channel SLAH3 by phosphorylation. ABI1 dephosphorylates CPK21 thus leading to deactivation and dislocation of SLAH3 from DRMs. All this regulative events are taking place in DRMs of A.th. mesophyll cells. This study presents the first evidence for a lipid raft-resident protein complex combining signaling and transport functions in A.th. Future perspectives for lipid raft research might target investigations on the lipid raft localization of candidate DRM proteins under presence of abiotic and biotic stress factors. For instance, which alterations in the DRM protein composition are detectable upon exogenous application of the plant hormone ABA? Quantitative proteomics approaches will surely increase our knowledge of the post-transcriptional regulation of gene activity under drought stress conditions.}, subject = {Ackerschmalwand}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bergner2005, author = {Bergner, Annina}, title = {Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur und der Permeationseigenschaften von Polysiloxan-Netzwerken}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-13302}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Permeationseigenschaften von Polysiloxan-Membranen im Hinblick auf ihre definierte Mikrostruktur n{\"a}her zu analysieren. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Mikrostruktur der Membranen einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die Permeationsgeschwindigkeit der untersuchten Substanzen hat. Zum besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis der Permeation wurden auch die Diffusionsvorg{\"a}nge innerhalb der Membran untersucht. Durch den Einsatz der Konfokalen Raman-Spektroskopie ist es gelungen, den Aufbau eines Konzentrationsgradienten innerhalb der Membran zu zeigen. Weiterhin konnte der Einfluss der Mikrostruktur der Membranen auf die Geschwindigkeit des Aufbaus dieses Gradienten nachgewiesen werden.}, subject = {Siloxane}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mousllie2003, author = {Mousllie, Sadiqu Al-}, title = {Die Osseointegration von Implantaten in Extraktionsalveolen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Wundversorgung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4631}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Um die zahn{\"a}rztliche Behandlung mit Implantaten zeitlich zu verk{\"u}rzen, kommt der Sofortimplantation in Extraktionsalveolen in den letzten Jahren immer mehr Bedeutung zu. Nicht nur als knochenerhaltende Maßnahme, sondern auch aus {\"a}sthetischer Sicht gewinnt die Sofortimplantation an Bedeutung. Die Frage, wie die entstandene Inkongruenz zwischen Implantatk{\"o}rper und Extraktionsalveole versorgt werden soll, ist in der Literatur noch nicht endg{\"u}ltig beantwortet worden. Wie die Osseointegration eines Implantats beeinflusst wird, wenn Knochenersatzmaterial oder Membrane zum Einsatz kommen, ist noch unklar. Die vorliegende histologische tierexperimentelle Studie untersucht die Osseointegration von Sofortimplantaten, die mit unterschiedlichen Membranmaterialien versorgt wurden. Bei 12 Affen der Spezies Macaca Fascicularis wurden die oberen und unteren Schneidez{\"a}hne extrahiert. In den Alveolen der mittleren Schneidez{\"a}hne wurden Implantate inseriert. Die Alveolen wurden dann mit einer der folgenden Behandlungskategorien versorgt: 1. Kontrolle ohne Abdeckung, 2. ePTFE Membran, 3. AlloDerm (Hauttransplantat), 4. Kombination aus ePTFE und AlloDerm. Die Affen wurden nach verschiedenen zeitlichen Abst{\"a}nden 2 Wochen, 1 Monat, 3 Monate und 6 Monate geopfert. Parameter wie Implantat-Knochen-Kontakt im neu gebildeten und ortst{\"a}ndigen Knochen, Auff{\"u}llungsrate der Alveole und der prozentuale Anteil an mineralisiertem Gewebe im neu gebildeten Knochen wurden gemessen. Alle Implantate waren histologisch osseointegriert. Der Implantat-Knochen-Kontakt war ca. 45\% und steigerte sich nach 3 Monaten kaum. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse lassen die Schlussfolgerung zu, dass die Versorgung der Alveolen mit Membranen nicht unbedingt zur Verbesserung der Osseointegration und Knochenneubildung f{\"u}hren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Goldau2002, author = {Goldau, Rainer}, title = {Clinical evaluation of novel methods to determine dialysis parameters using conductivity cells}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3125}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2002}, abstract = {During the last two decades an ongoing discussion about the necessary dose of dialysis brought the result that the urea based Kt/V value is significantly correlated to morbidity of the end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Even if it is not completely accepted, it seems to be more and more agreement of the nephrological community that for good dialysis practice Kt/V should be kept above 1.2 to 1.3 in the usual 3X4 hours per week dialysis schedule for patients without own residual clearance to assure long term quality of life, low morbidity and mortality. K is the clearance of urea the dialysis system can apply, t is the treatment time and V is the urea distribution volume of the patient, which is nearly equal to total body water. Kt/V has the unit of a drug dose (ml of drug per ml of patient volume) and therefore sometimes is called dialysis 'dose', even if this is subject of discussion because it implies that the dose can be described with only one urea related number. This work does not participate in this discussion. The premise of this work is more technical: Whatever the final result of the above discussion will be, a patient-friendly, precise cost-neutral and handy technical solution should be given to the hand of the interested nephrologist to continuously supervise the urea based Kt/V that is applied to the patient. Of course this is combined with the hope that the long term mortality can be decreased if a covering online dialysis success control is facilitated. The technical solution that has been chosen is based on the equivalence of the diffusion coefficients of sodium chloride and urea. It is central subject of the investigation if the diffusive behaviour of sodium is equal to that of urea crossing the dialysis filter membrane. The advantage that makes the principle so handy is that sodium can be measured very precise by standard conductivity cells as they are implemented in dialysis machines in large numbers. The only necessary hardware modification is a second conductivity cell downstream the dialyser to be able to measure the mass balance over the filter. This is more complicated with urea that can only be measured undergoing an enzymatic conversion to ammonium ions. The ammonium ions induce a membrane potential, which is measured with very sensitive amplifiers. A cooling chain for the enzyme must be maintained. To find and approve the conductivity based technical solution two in-vivo studies have been conducted. In the first study a conductivity step profile, varying the conductivity in static levels in a baseline - 7 min high - 7min low- baseline shape, was applied that can be utilised to measure the urea clearance very accurate. This principle has been described in 1982 in a patent application. In a sequence of 206 computer recorded dialysis sessions with 22 patients it was found that urea clearance could be electrolytically measured with a mean error+/-standard deviation of -1.46+/-4.75\% , n=494. The measurement of Kt/V according to a single pool model was of similar accuracy: 2.88+/-4.15\% . Although in accordance with other studies these findings at an average confirmed the high correlation of ionic and urea based clearance measurements, an effect was found that was not consistent with the theory that was existent so far. It was found in the first study that the accuracy of the step profile measurements were dependent of the size of the patient, in particular of the urea distribution volume. Moreover it was of relevance which part of the step profile was used: the high-low states, the baseline- low or the baseline-high states. This was a theoretical lack. Careful analysis led to the result that sodium transfer from and into the patient was the reason for the dependence. This led to the enhancement of the theory that seems to correctly describe the nature of the effect. A new demand now was to minimise the sodium transfer. This was limited using static step profiles because in the time it needs to become stable sodium is shifted. In consequence non-stable, dynamic short conductivity boli were developed that allowed to minimise the amount of sodium to be shifted to the limits of the technical resolution of the measurement systems. Also the associated mathematical tools to evaluate the boli had to be suited to the problem. After termination of this process a second study was conducted to approve the new method found. In this study with 10 patients and 93 sessions, 264 step profile measurements and 173 bolus ionic dialysance measurements it was found that the bolus measurements matched their related blood side urea clearance references with the outstanding accuracy of (error+/-SD) 0.06+/-4.76\%. The result was not significantly different (p=0.87) from the reference by student's t-test for paired data. The Kt/V reference according to the single pool variable volume urea kinetic model (sPVVUKM) was found to be matched by the bolus principle with 5.32+/-3.9\% accuracy and a correlation of 0.98. The remaining difference of 5.32\% can be attributed to the neglect of the urea generation rate. Also the step profile was found to be very precise here. The error versus sPVVUKM was 0.05\%+/-5\%, r=0.96. However it did not image the neglect of urea generation correctly. Also a two pool modelling that comprises an internal compartimentation of the fluid pools of the patient was applied to the continuously recorded data. This two pool urea kinetic model (2PUKM) is regarded to be a more precise theoretical approach and now includes the urea generation. It found the bolus principle to deviate -3.04 +/- 14.3\%, n.s., p=0.13. The high standard deviation is due to the complexity of the model. Further from the developed theory a simplified method to roughly measure the sodium distribution volume could be derived. This method was tested in-vitro versus a container with dialysate of known volume and in-vivo versus the urea distribution volume. The in-vitro results were -19.9+/-34\%, r=0.92, n.s, p=0.916. In-vivo they were found to be -7.4+/-23.2\%, r=0.71, n.s., p=0.39. Due to dilution theory the sodium and urea distribution volumes virtually appear to be very similar using this method, although they absolutely differ significantly. Facing the strong simplifications that were made before applying this theory these results seem to be very encouraging that it could be possible to develop a principle to measure not only K but also V electrolytically. This would allow a true Kt/V measurement. The empirical urea distribution volume measurement using anthropometrical formulas has been compared to analytical methods. It has been found that the use Watson's formula with a -13\% correction gives good results. The correction should be applied with great care because it increases Kt/V just on a arithmetical base to the disadvantage of the patient. Also electrolytical plasma sodium measurement was evaluated and can be measured using a mixed analytic-empirical formula with an accuracy of 4.3+/-1.2\%. In summary, conductivity based methods seem to be a convenient method to measure several dialysis parameters of some clinical interest without effort. The results of this work meanwhile are implemented with substantial numbers into commonly available dialysis machines and the experience of the first time shows that the principle is well accepted by the clinicians.}, subject = {H{\"a}modialyse}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weh2002, author = {Weh, Barbara}, title = {Permeationseigenschaften von Polydimethylsiloxan-Membranen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Netzbogenl{\"a}nge}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-2927}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2002}, abstract = {F{\"u}r die definierte und konstante Wirkstofffreigabe aus therapeutischen Systemen sind Kenntnisse der Mikrostruktur vonKontrollmembranen von großer Bedeutung. Durch eine Additionsreaktion k{\"o}nnen Polydimethylsiloxan-Membranen ausvinylendgestoppten linearen Polydimethylsiloxanen und niedermolekularen Si-H-funktionalisierten Polydimethylsiloxanen unterEinfluss eines Platin- Katalysators hergestellt werden. Hierbei ist es durch den Einsatz genau charakterisierterAusgangspolymere m{\"o}glich, Membranen mit einer statistisch definierten Mikrostruktur zu erhalten. Die Mikrostruktur kanndurch die Netzbogenl{\"a}nge charakterisiert werden. Der Abschnitt zwischen zwei Verkn{\"u}pfungspunkten in einem Netzwerk wirdals Netzbogenl{\"a}nge (NBL) bezeichnet. Diese beschreibt die Anzahl der Dimethyl-siloxan-Einheiten zwischen zweiVerkn{\"u}pfungen. Die Permeationseigenschaften wurden mit Hilfe des standardisierten Permeationskoeffizienten untersucht. Derstandardisierte Permeationskoeffizient ist von der mittleren Netzbogenl{\"a}nge der Polydimethylsiloxan-Membranen abh{\"a}ngig. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde an elf Benzoes{\"a}ure- und Naphthalinderivaten als Modellsubstanzen untersucht und best{\"a}tigt.Hierbei wurden Membranen mit den mittleren Netzbogenl{\"a}ngen 65, 99 und 122 Siloxan-Einheiten f{\"u}r die Untersuchungeneingesetzt. Bei allen untersuchten Substanzen stieg der Permeationskoeffizient mit gr{\"o}ßer werdender Netzbogenl{\"a}nge derMembranen geringf{\"u}gig an. Die Permeationskoeffizienten von Membranen mit der Netzbogenl{\"a}nge 122 waren dabei - mitlediglich vier Ausnahmen - stets statistisch signifikant gr{\"o}ßer als von Membranen mit der Netzbogenl{\"a}nge 65. Als m{\"o}gliche weitere Einflussfaktoren auf die Permeationsgeschwindigkeit wurden der Membran/Wasser-Verteilungskoeffizient, dasDipolmoment und das van der Waals-Volumen der elf Modellsubstanzen untersucht. Es konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischendem Membran/Wasser-Verteilungskoeffizienten und dem Permeationskoeffizienten aufgezeigt werden. Das Volumen deruntersuchten permeierenden Molek{\"u}le hat jedoch nur bei Netzbogenl{\"a}ngen kleiner als 122 einen Einfluss auf diePermeationsgeschwindigkeit. Als neue M{\"o}glichkeit zur Untersuchung der Diffusionskinetik vor Erreichen des station{\"a}renZustands in Polydimethylsiloxan-Membranen wurde die konfokale Raman-Spektroskopie eingesetzt. Bei derRaman-Spektroskopie wird das Probensystem w{\"a}hrend der Messung weder zerst{\"o}rt noch ver{\"a}ndert. Weiterhin ist es m{\"o}glich,durch das gekoppelte konfokale Mikroskop gezielt an einem bestimmten Punkt innerhalb der Membran zu messen. Damitk{\"o}nnen nun dynamische Vorg{\"a}nge wie der Aufbau eines Konzentrationsgradienten vor Erreichen des station{\"a}ren Zustandes aneinem bestimmten Punkt in einer Membran {\"u}ber einen l{\"a}ngeren Zeitraum gemessen werden. Anhand von Intensit{\"a}ts{\"a}nderungencharakteristischer Peaks oder der Verschiebung von Banden werden Konzentrations- und Struktur{\"a}nderungen der Membranund der permeierenden Molek{\"u}le sichtbar. Die Untersuchungen mit der konfokalen Raman-Spektroskopie zeigten, dass dieseMethode geeignet ist, Diffusionskinetiken im nicht station{\"a}ren Zustand innerhalb der Membranen zu beobachten.}, subject = {Polydimethylsiloxane}, language = {de} }