@article{vonHertzbergBoelchLuedemannRudertetal.2022,
  author    = {von Hertzberg-Boelch, Sebastian Philipp and Luedemann, Martin and Rudert, Maximilian and Steinert, Andre F.},
  title     = {PMMA bone cement: antibiotic elution and mechanical properties in the context of clinical use},
  series = {Biomedicines},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Biomedicines},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {2227-9059},
  doi       = {10.3390/biomedicines10081830},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281708},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This literature review discusses the use of antibiotic loaded polymethylmethacrylate bone cements in arthroplasty. The clinically relevant differences that have to be considered when antibiotic loaded bone cements (ALBC) are used either for long-term implant fixation or as spacers for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections are outlined. In this context, in vitro findings for antibiotic elution and material properties are summarized and transferred to clinical use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzmeisterWeichholdGrolletal.2021,
  author    = {Holzmeister, Ib and Weichhold, Jan and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Zreiqat,, Hala and Gbureck, Uwe},
  title     = {Hydraulic reactivity and cement formation of baghdadite},
  series = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society},
  volume    = {104},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.1111/jace.17727},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259457},
  pages     = {3554-3561},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this study, the hydraulic reactivity and cement formation of baghdadite (Ca\(_{3}\)ZrSi\(_{2}\)O\(_{9}\)) was investigated. The material was synthesized by sintering a mixture of CaCO\(_{3}\), SiO\(_{2}\), and ZrO\(_{2}\) and then mechanically activated using a planetary mill. This leads to a decrease in particle and crystallite size and a partial amorphization of baghdadite as shown by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and laser diffraction measurements. Baghdadite cements were formed by the addition of water at a powder to liquid ratio of 2.0 g/ml. Maximum compressive strengths were found to be ~2 MPa after 3-day setting for a 24-h ground material. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements showed an incongruent dissolution profile of set cements with a preferred dissolution of calcium and only marginal release of zirconium ions. Cement formation occurs under alkaline conditions, whereas the unground raw powder leads to a pH of 11.9 during setting, while prolonged grinding increased pH values to approximately 12.3.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GeffersGrollGbureck2015,
  author    = {Geffers, Martha and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Gbureck, Uwe},
  title     = {Reinforcement strategies for load-bearing calcium phosphate biocements},
  series = {Materials},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Materials},
  doi       = {10.3390/ma8052700},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148636},
  pages     = {2700-2717},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Calcium phosphate biocements based on calcium phosphate chemistry are well-established biomaterials for the repair of non-load bearing bone defects due to the brittle nature and low flexural strength of such cements. This article features reinforcement strategies of biocements based on various intrinsic or extrinsic material modifications to improve their strength and toughness. Altering particle size distribution in conjunction with using liquefiers reduces the amount of cement liquid necessary for cement paste preparation. This in turn decreases cement porosity and increases the mechanical performance, but does not change the brittle nature of the cements. The use of fibers may lead to a reinforcement of the matrix with a toughness increase of up to two orders of magnitude, but restricts at the same time cement injection for minimal invasive application techniques. A novel promising approach is the concept of dual-setting cements, in which a second hydrogel phase is simultaneously formed during setting, leading to more ductile cement-hydrogel composites with largely unaffected application properties.},
  language  = {en}
}