@article{LeutritzvanBraamPreisetal.2023,
  author    = {Leutritz, Anna Linda and van Braam, Lara and Preis, Katharina and Gehrmann, Andrea and Scherf-Clavel, Maike and Fiedler, Katrin and Unterecker, Stefan and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah},
  title     = {Psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation and early development of exposed children},
  series = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/bcp.15533},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318954},
  pages     = {737 -- 750},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {There is still limited knowledge about alterations of blood concentrations of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy, the transfer of psychotropic drugs into breastmilk and the effects on exposed children. We investigated changes in concentrations of psychopharmacological medication during pregnancy and lactation in serum and breastmilk at different time points in a naturalistic sample of 60 mothers and observed the development of the exposed children in the first 12 months. We found a decrease in serum concentrations from the first to the second trimester of amitriptyline, duloxetine, escitalopram, quetiapine and sertraline. Citalopram stayed rather stable during pregnancy, sertraline levels interestingly increased again from the second to the third trimester. High concentration-by-dose ratios in breastmilk were found for venlafaxine as well as lamotrigine, low for quetiapine and clomipramine. Similarly, clomipramine and quetiapine showed low milk/serum-penetration ratios. Regarding the birth outcome measures in children, we found no significant differences between in utero exposed compared to nonexposed newborns. There were no significant differences in the development in the first 12 months. Psychotropic medication in the peripartum needs a balancing of risks and benefits and a continuous therapeutic drug monitoring can be a guidance for clinicians to monitor drug alteration patterns, which are likely to occur due to physiological pregnancy-associated changes in pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize a medication in pregnancy and lactation with the lowest effective dose.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WunschPfisterHenningetal.2016,
  author    = {Wunsch, Kathrin and Pfister, Roland and Henning, Anne and Aschersleben, Gisa and Weigelt, Matthias},
  title     = {No Interrelation of Motor Planning and Executive Functions across Young Ages},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {1031},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01031},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165281},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The present study examined the developmental trajectories of motor planning and executive functioning in children. To this end, we tested 217 participants with three motor tasks, measuring anticipatory planning abilities (i.e., the bar-transport-task, the sword-rotation-task and the grasp-height-task), and three cognitive tasks, measuring executive functions (i.e., the Tower-of-Hanoi-task, the Mosaic-task, and the D2-attention-endurance-task). Children were aged between 3 and 10 years and were separated into age groups by 1-year bins, resulting in a total of eight groups of children and an additional group of adults. Results suggested (1) a positive developmental trajectory for each of the sub-tests, with better task performance as children get older; (2) that the performance in the separate tasks was not correlated across participants in the different age groups; and (3) that there was no relationship between performance in the motor tasks and in the cognitive tasks used in the present study when controlling for age. These results suggest that both, motor planning and executive functions are rather heterogeneous domains of cognitive functioning with fewer interdependencies than often suggested.},
  language  = {en}
}