@article{VonaNandaShehataDieleretal.2017,
  author    = {Vona, Barbara and Nanda, Indrajit and Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa and Haaf, Thomas},
  title     = {Genetics of Tinnitus: Still in its Infancy},
  series = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
  number    = {236},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnins.2017.00236},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170926},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Tinnitus is the perception of a phantom sound that affects between 10 and 15\% of the general population. Despite this considerable prevalence, treatments for tinnitus are presently lacking. Tinnitus exhibits a diverse array of recognized risk factors and extreme clinical heterogeneity. Furthermore, it can involve an unknown number of auditory and non-auditory networks and molecular pathways. This complex combination has hampered advancements in the field. The identification of specific genetic factors has been at the forefront of several research investigations in the past decade. Nine studies have examined genes in a case-control association approach. Recently, a genome-wide association study has highlighted several potentially significant pathways that are implicated in tinnitus. Two twin studies have calculated a moderate heritability for tinnitus and disclosed a greater concordance rate in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. Despite the more recent data alluding to genetic factors in tinnitus, a strong association with any specific genetic locus is lacking and a genetic study with sufficient statistical power has yet to be designed. Future research endeavors must overcome the many inherent limitations in previous study designs. This review summarizes the previously embarked upon tinnitus genetic investigations and summarizes the hurdles that have been encountered. The identification of candidate genes responsible for tinnitus may afford gene based diagnostic approaches, effective therapy development, and personalized therapeutic intervention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UnnikrishnanSchleicherShahetal.2020,
  author    = {Unnikrishnan, Vishnu and Schleicher, Miro and Shah, Yash and Jamaludeen, Noor and Pryss, Ruediger and Schobel, Johannes and Kraft, Robin and Schlee, Winfried and Spiliopoulou, Myra},
  title     = {The effect of non-personalised tips on the continued use of self-monitoring mHealth applications},
  series = {Brain Sciences},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Brain Sciences},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {2076-3425},
  doi       = {10.3390/brainsci10120924},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219435},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Chronic tinnitus, the perception of a phantom sound in the absence of corresponding stimulus, is a condition known to affect patients' quality of life. Recent advances in mHealth have enabled patients to maintain a 'disease journal' of ecologically-valid momentary assessments, improving patients' own awareness of their disease while also providing clinicians valuable data for research. In this study, we investigate the effect of non-personalised tips on patients' perception of tinnitus, and on their continued use of the application. The data collected from the study involved three groups of patients that used the app for 16 weeks. Groups A \& Y were exposed to feedback from the start of the study, while group B only received tips for the second half of the study. Groups A and Y were run by different supervisors and also differed in the number of hospital visits during the study. Users of Group A and B underwent assessment at baseline, mid-study, post-study and follow-up, while users of group Y were only assessed at baseline and post-study. It is seen that the users in group B use the app for longer, and also more often during the day. The answers of the users to the Ecological Momentary Assessments are seen to form clusters where the degree to which the tinnitus distress depends on tinnitus loudness varies. Additionally, cluster-level models were able to predict new unseen data with better accuracy than a single global model. This strengthens the argument that the discovered clusters really do reflect underlying patterns in disease expression.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchleeSimoesPryss2021,
  author    = {Schlee, Winfried and Simoes, Jorge and Pryss, R{\"u}diger},
  title     = {Auricular acupressure combined with self-help intervention for treating chronic tinnitus: a longitudinal observational study},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10184201},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246209},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Tinnitus is a phantom sound perception in the ears or head and can arise from many different medical disorders. Currently, there is no standard treatment for tinnitus that reliably reduces tinnitus. Individual patients reported that acupressure at various points around the ear can help to reduce tinnitus, which was investigated here. With this longitudinal observational study, we report a systematic evaluation of auricular acupressure on 39 tinnitus sufferers, combined with a self-help smartphone app. The participants were asked to report on tinnitus, stress, mood, neck, and jaw muscle tensions twice a day using an ecological momentary assessment study design for six weeks. On average, 123.6 questionnaires per person were provided and used for statistical analysis. The treatment responses of the participants were heterogeneous. On average, we observed significant negative trends for tinnitus loudness (Cohen's d effect size: -0.861), tinnitus distress (d = -0.478), stress (d = -0.675), and tensions in the neck muscles (d = -0.356). Comparison with a matched control group revealed significant improvements for tinnitus loudness (p = 0.027) and self-reported stress level (p = 0.003). The positive results of the observational study motivate further research including a randomized clinical trial and long-term assessment of the clinical improvement.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchleeNeffSimoesetal.2022,
  author    = {Schlee, Winfried and Neff, Patrick and Simoes, Jorge and Langguth, Berthold and Schoisswohl, Stefan and Steinberger, Heidi and Norman, Marie and Spiliopoulou, Myra and Schobel, Johannes and Hannemann, Ronny and Pryss, R{\"u}diger},
  title     = {Smartphone-guided educational counseling and self-help for chronic tinnitus},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm11071825},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267295},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Tinnitus is an auditory phantom perception in the ears or head in the absence of a corresponding external stimulus. There is currently no effective treatment available that reliably reduces tinnitus. Educational counseling is a treatment approach that aims to educate patients and inform them about possible coping strategies. For this feasibility study, we implemented educational material and self-help advice in a smartphone app. Participants used the educational smartphone app unsupervised during their daily routine over a period of four months. Comparing the tinnitus outcome measures before and after smartphone-guided treatment, we measured changes in tinnitus-related distress, but not in tinnitus loudness. Improvements on the Tinnitus Severity numeric rating scale reached an effect size of 0.408, while the improvements on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) were much smaller with an effect size of 0.168. An analysis of user behavior showed that frequent and intensive use of the app is a crucial factor for treatment success: participants that used the app more often and interacted with the app intensively reported a stronger improvement in the tinnitus. Between study allocation and final assessment, 26 of 52 participants dropped out of the study. Reasons for the dropouts and lessons for future studies are discussed in this paper.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ruether2008,
  author    = {Ruether, Barbara},
  title     = {Der H{\"o}rsturz - nur ein Ph{\"a}nomen des akustischen Systems?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37399},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, die Mitbeteiligung des vestibul{\"a}ren Teils des Labyrinthes beim akuten H{\"o}rsturz an 200 Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, plastische und {\"a}sthetische Operationen der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg n{\"a}her zu untersuchen. Den gr{\"o}ßten Anteil H{\"o}rsturzerkrankter findet man im sechsten Lebensjahrzehnt, wobei M{\"a}nner und Frauen etwa gleich h{\"a}ufig betroffen sind. Die Mehrzahl unserer Patienten ist von einem monauralen H{\"o}rsturz betroffen. Das Verh{\"a}ltnis von einseitigem zu beidseitigem H{\"o}rsturz betr{\"a}gt etwa 4:1. Die Auswertung der kalorischen Vestibularispr{\"u}fung ergibt bei 73,5\% unserer H{\"o}rsturzpatienten einen pathologischen Befund, wobei periphere Vestibularisst{\"o}rungen {\"u}berwiegen, gefolgt von zentralen und kombinierten St{\"o}rungen.},
  subject      = {H{\"o}rsturz},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PryssSchleeHoppenstedtetal.2020,
  author    = {Pryss, R{\"u}diger and Schlee, Winfried and Hoppenstedt, Burkhard and Reichert, Manfred and Spiliopoulou, Myra and Langguth, Berthold and Breitmayer, Marius and Probst, Thomas},
  title     = {Applying Machine Learning to Daily-Life Data From the TrackYourTinnitus Mobile Health Crowdsensing Platform to Predict the Mobile Operating System Used With High Accuracy: Longitudinal Observational Study},
  series = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.2196/15547},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229517},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Tinnitus is often described as the phantom perception of a sound and is experienced by 5.1\% to 42.7\% of the population worldwide, at least once during their lifetime. The symptoms often reduce the patient's quality of life. The TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) mobile health (mHealth) crowdsensing platform was developed for two operating systems (OS)-Android and iOS-to help patients demystify the daily moment-to-moment variations of their tinnitus symptoms. In all platforms developed for more than one OS, it is important to investigate whether the crowdsensed data predicts the OS that was used in order to understand the degree to which the OS is a confounder that is necessary to consider.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Krause2004,
  author    = {Krause, Rorbert},
  title     = {Optokinetischer Afternystagmus bei Tinnituspatienten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14638},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In dieser Dissertation wurden aus dem Patientenstamm der neurootologischen Abteilung der Universit{\"a}ts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik W{\"u}rzburg Daten aus den Jahrg{\"a}ngen November 1994 bis Februar 2002 entnommen. Insgesamt waren es 479 Patienten. Alle Patienten hatten einen beidseitigen optokinetischen Afternystagmus (OKAN) \&\#8805; 10 Schl{\"a}ge pro 30s. Die allgemeinen Symptome der Patienten fielen entsprechend fr{\"u}heren Untersuchungen aus. Es zeigte sich, daß ca. 80\% der Patienten die einen OKAN hatten auch einen Tinnitus hatten, wobei nur etwa 60\% aller Patienten einen subjektiven Tinnitus angaben. Die Patientendaten wurden in verschiedene Kollektive aufgeteilt, um eine deskriptive Statistik zu erhalten. Die Tinnituskollektive wurden mit statistischen Methoden (Mann-Whitney U-Test) gepr{\"u}ft. Es ließen sich aber keine Signifikanzen feststellen, die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Tinnitus und Optokinetik sowie Kalorimetrie sinnvoll beschreiben w{\"u}rden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KraftReichertPryss2021,
  author    = {Kraft, Robin and Reichert, Manfred and Pryss, R{\"u}diger},
  title     = {Towards the interpretation of sound measurements from smartphones collected with mobile crowdsensing in the healthcare domain: an experiment with Android devices},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s22010170},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252246},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The ubiquity of mobile devices fosters the combined use of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and mobile crowdsensing (MCS) in the field of healthcare. This combination not only allows researchers to collect ecologically valid data, but also to use smartphone sensors to capture the context in which these data are collected. The TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) platform uses EMA to track users' individual subjective tinnitus perception and MCS to capture an objective environmental sound level while the EMA questionnaire is filled in. However, the sound level data cannot be used directly among the different smartphones used by TYT users, since uncalibrated raw values are stored. This work describes an approach towards making these values comparable. In the described setting, the evaluation of sensor measurements from different smartphone users becomes increasingly prevalent. Therefore, the shown approach can be also considered as a more general solution as it not only shows how it helped to interpret TYT sound level data, but may also stimulate other researchers, especially those who need to interpret sensor data in a similar setting. Altogether, the approach will show that measuring sound levels with mobile devices is possible in healthcare scenarios, but there are many challenges to ensuring that the measured values are interpretable.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftBirkReichertetal.2020,
  author    = {Kraft, Robin and Birk, Ferdinand and Reichert, Manfred and Deshpande, Aniruddha and Schlee, Winfried and Langguth, Berthold and Baumeister, Harald and Probst, Thomas and Spiliopoulou, Myra and Pryss, R{\"u}diger},
  title     = {Efficient processing of geospatial mHealth data using a scalable crowdsensing platform},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s20123456},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207826},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Smart sensors and smartphones are becoming increasingly prevalent. Both can be used to gather environmental data (e.g., noise). Importantly, these devices can be connected to each other as well as to the Internet to collect large amounts of sensor data, which leads to many new opportunities. In particular, mobile crowdsensing techniques can be used to capture phenomena of common interest. Especially valuable insights can be gained if the collected data are additionally related to the time and place of the measurements. However, many technical solutions still use monolithic backends that are not capable of processing crowdsensing data in a flexible, efficient, and scalable manner. In this work, an architectural design was conceived with the goal to manage geospatial data in challenging crowdsensing healthcare scenarios. It will be shown how the proposed approach can be used to provide users with an interactive map of environmental noise, allowing tinnitus patients and other health-conscious people to avoid locations with harmful sound levels. Technically, the shown approach combines cloud-native applications with Big Data and stream processing concepts. In general, the presented architectural design shall serve as a foundation to implement practical and scalable crowdsensing platforms for various healthcare scenarios beyond the addressed use case.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Dahlem2011,
  author    = {Dahlem, Inga Tamiko},
  title     = {Nah-Infrarot Spektroskopie (NIRS) als objektives Nachweisverfahren bei Patienten mit chronischer Tinnitus-Erkrankung im Rahmen einer Therapie mit repetitiver transkranieller Magnetstimulation (rTMS)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69726},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Subjektiver Tinnitus ist eine akustische Phantomwahrnehmung, d.h. ohne das Vorhandensein einer externen oder internen Ger{\"a}uschquelle. Diese oft sehr belastende St{\"o}rung steht aktuellen Studien zufolge in einem Zusammenhang mit pathologisch gesteigerter Aktivit{\"a}t und Erregbarkeit zentral-nerv{\"o}ser auditorischer Strukturen. Derartige Hyperaktivit{\"a}ten und -exzitabilit{\"a}ten konnten bereits experimentell durch eine repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) reduziert werden. Die vorliegende randomisierte, Placebo-kontrollierte Studie ging zwei Fragestellungen nach. Erstens sollte gepr{\"u}ft werden, ob sich das Aktivierungsmuster auf akustische Stimulation im auditorischen Kortex bei Tinnituspatienten von dem gesunder Kontrollpersonen unterscheidet. Zweitens sollte untersucht werden, ob durch eine rTMS eine Tinnitussymptomatik verbessert werden kann und dies in Form einer reduzierten kortikalen Hyperaktivit{\"a}t auch mit der Nah-Infrarot Spektroskopie (NIRS) nachweisbar ist. In der Verum-Gruppe wurden an 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Werktagen t{\"a}glich je 2000 Stimuli mit einer Frequenz von 1 Hz {\"u}ber dem linken auditorischen Kortex appliziert. Die Tinnitussymptomatik wurde mit dem Tinnitusfragebogen nach G{\"o}bel \& Hiller (TFB), dem Tinnitus-Handicap-Inventory-Score (THI) und dem Tinnitus-Schweregrad-Fragebogen (TSG) erfasst. Die NIRS-Messungen erfolgten vor und direkt nach der letzten Stimulation mit zwei verschiedenen akustischen Paradigmen und einer motorischen Kontrollaufgabe. Es konnten deutliche Unterschiede bez{\"u}glich des Aktivierungsmusters auf akustische Stimulation im auditorischen Kortex zwischen den Tinnituspatienten und gesunden Kontrollpersonen gefunden werden. Die Tinnituspatienten zeigten signifikant st{\"a}rkere Aktivierungen als die gesunden Kontrollpersonen. Diese Ergebnisse unterst{\"u}tzen die „Hyperexzitabilit{\"a}tstheorie" von Melcher et al. (2009). Ferner konnte, wie in der Studie von Melcher et al. (2009), kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Tinnituslateralisation und dem Aktivierungsmuster gefunden werden. Bez{\"u}glich der Effektivit{\"a}t der rTMS gegen{\"u}ber einer Placebo-Stimulation ließ sich kein eindeutiger Therapieerfolg nachweisen. Es konnte zwar anhand von NIRS-Messungen gezeigt werden, dass die rTMS eine kortikale Hyperexzitabilit{\"a}t st{\"a}rker reduzierte als die Placebo-Stimulation. Es ließ sich jedoch kein Zusammenhang zwischen der geringeren Hyperexzitabilit{\"a}t und einer verbesserten Tinnitussymptomatik finden. Da jedoch die Fallzahlen dieser Studie klein waren, sollten diese Ergebnisse mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden. Außerdem deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die NIRS eine erfolgversprechende Methode f{\"u}r den objektiven Nachweis Tinnitus-assoziierter zentral-nerv{\"o}ser Ver{\"a}nderungen und m{\"o}glicherweise auch von Therapieeffekten ist. Sie bietet zahlreiche Vorteile gegen{\"u}ber anderen bildgebenden Methoden: sie ist einfach in der Handhabung, wiederholt anwendbar, risikoarm, preisg{\"u}nstig und nicht invasiv. Um die NIRS jedoch als etablierte Nachweismethode in der Klinik einsetzen zu k{\"o}nnen, sollten weitere Studien mit gr{\"o}ßeren Fallzahlen generiert werden. Auch sollten optimierte, allgemeing{\"u}ltige akustische Stimulationsparadigmen gefunden werden, um die Ergebnisse k{\"u}nftiger Studien besser miteinander vergleichen zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Tinnitus},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Bruckner2005,
  author    = {Bruckner, Thomas},
  title     = {Brain Electrical Activity Mapping vestibul{\"a}r evozierter Potentiale bei Tinnituspatienten - kompetitiv-kin{\"a}sthetische Interaktionstherapie -},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-17797},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Diese Dissertation stellt das Verfahren des Brain Electrical Activity Mappings der sp{\"a}ten Vestibul{\"a}r Evozierten Potentiale (BEAM-VestEP) bei Tinnituspatienten vor im Hinblick auf die therapeutische Wirksamkeit der kompetitiv-kin{\"a}sthetischen-Interaktionstherapie auf der Basis der Br{\"u}gger Therapie im „Murnauer Konzept" und {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft ihre Evidenz.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AllgaierSchleeProbstetal.2022,
  author    = {Allgaier, Johannes and Schlee, Winfried and Probst, Thomas and Pryss, R{\"u}diger},
  title     = {Prediction of tinnitus perception based on daily life mHealth data using country origin and season},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {15},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm11154270},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281812},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Tinnitus is an auditory phantom perception without external sound stimuli. This chronic perception can severely affect quality of life. Because tinnitus symptoms are highly heterogeneous, multimodal data analyses are increasingly used to gain new insights. MHealth data sources, with their particular focus on country- and season-specific differences, can provide a promising avenue for new insights. Therefore, we examined data from the TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) mHealth platform to create symptom profiles of TYT users. We used gradient boosting engines to classify momentary tinnitus and regress tinnitus loudness, using country of origin and season as features. At the daily assessment level, tinnitus loudness can be regressed with a mean absolute error rate of 7.9\% points. In turn, momentary tinnitus can be classified with an F1 score of 93.79\%. Both results indicate differences in the tinnitus of TYT users with respect to season and country of origin. The significance of the features was evaluated using statistical and explainable machine learning methods. It was further shown that tinnitus varies with temperature in certain countries. The results presented show that season and country of origin appear to be valuable features when combined with longitudinal mHealth data at the level of daily assessment.},
  language  = {en}
}