@article{WittbrodtLammersMalitscheketal.1992,
  author    = {Wittbrodt, Joachim and Lammers, Reiner and Malitschek, Barbara and Ullrich, Axel and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase is activated in Xiphophorus malignant melanoma},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61699},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Xmrk encodes a putative transmembrane glycoprotein of the tyrosine kinase family and is a melanoma-inducing gene in Xiphophorus. We attempted to investigate the biological function of the putative Xmrk receptor by characterizing its signalling properties. Since a potential Iigand for Xmrk has not yet been identified, it has been difficult to analyse the biochemical properlies and biological function of this cell surface protein. In an approach towards such analyses, the Xmrk extracellular domain was replaced by the closely related Iigand-binding domain sequences of the human epidennal growth factor receptor (HER) and the ligand-induced activity of the chimeric HER-Xmrk proteinwas examined. We show that the Xmrk protein is a functional receptor tyrosine kinase, is highly active in malignant melanoma and displays a constitutive autophosphorylation activity possibly due to an activating mutation in its extracellular or transmembrane domain. In the focus formation assay the HER-Xmrk chimera is a potent transfonning protein equivalent to other tyrosine kinase oncoproteins.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WittbrodtAdamMalitscheketal.1989,
  author    = {Wittbrodt, J. and Adam, D. and Malitschek, B. and Maueler, W. and Raulf, F. and Telling, A. and Robertson, M. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the melanoma-inducing Tu locus in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61800},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WinklerVielkindSchartl1991,
  author    = {Winkler, Christoph and Vielkind, J{\"u}rgen R. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Transient expression of foreign DNA during embryonic and larval development of the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61743},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Species of small fish are becoming useful tools for studies on vertebrate development. Wehave investigated the developing embryo of the Japanese medaka for its application as a transient expression system for the in vivo analysis of gene regulation and function. The temporaland spatial expression patterns ofbacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and galactosidase reporter genes injected in supercoiled plasmid form into the cytoplasm of one cell of the two-cell stage embryo was promoter-specific. The transient expression was found to be mosaic within the tissue and organs reflecting the unequal distribution of extrachromosomal foreign DNA and the intensive cell mixing movements that occur in fish embryogenesis. The expression data are consistent with data on DNA fate. Foreign DNA persisted during embryogenesis and was still detectable in some 3- and 9-month-old adult fish; it was found in high molecular weight form as weil as in circular plasmid conformations. The DNA was replicated during early and late embryogenesis. Our data indicate that the developing medaka embryo is a powerful in vivo assay system for studies of gene regulation and function.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SebaldWeissJackl1972,
  author    = {Sebald, Walter and Weiss, H. and Jackl, G.},
  title     = {{\"U}ber die Abh{\"a}ngigkeit des Zusammenbaus der Cytochromoxidase von der Anwesenheit der Produkte der mitochondrialen Proteinsynthese},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-84192},
  year      = {1972},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchwabSebaldWeiss1972,
  author    = {Schwab, A. J. and Sebald, Walter and Weiss, H.},
  title     = {Schnelle Markierung eines mitochondrial synthetisiertem Polypeptids einer Cytochromoxidasen-Pr{\"a}paration aus Neurospora},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-84206},
  year      = {1972},
  abstract  = {no abstracts available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchluppParzefallEpplenetal.1992,
  author    = {Schlupp, Ingo and Parzefall, Jakob and Epplen, J{\"o}rg T. and Nanda, Indrajit and Schmid, Michael and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Pseudomale behaviour and spontaneous masculinization in the all-female teleost Poecilia formosa (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61688},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Pseudosexual behaviour is a rare phenomenon associated with unisexuality in vertebrates. In the gynogenetic, all-female teleost Poecilia formosa, rare individuals occur that resemble males of closely related gonochoristic species both in behaviour and external morphology. These masculinized gynogens and normal gynogens are members of the same clone, as demonstrated by DNA-fingerprinting. The behaviour of these masculinized gynogens is described and compared to the behaviour of the gonochoristic species Poecilia mexicana, P. latipinna and their hybrid as weil as androgen-treated individuals of P. formosa. No statistically significant difTerences were found between masculinized gynogens and hormonetreated individuals nor between the gonochoristic P. mexicana and P. latipinna males. Differences exist between gonochoristic and unisexual species. Passihle causes and effects of masculinized gynogens are discussed.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchliewenFrickeSchartletal.1993,
  author    = {Schliewen, U. and Fricke, H. and Schartl, Manfred and Epplen, J{\"o}rg T. and Paabo, S.},
  title     = {Which home for coelacanth?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61606},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlSchmidtAndersetal.1985,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Schmidt, C. R. and Anders, A. and Barnekow, A.},
  title     = {Elevated expression of the cellular src gene in tumors of differing etiologies in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61889},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlSchluppSchartletal.1991,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Schlupp, Ingo and Schartl, Angelika and Meyer, Manfred K. and Nanda, Indrajit and Schmid, Michael and Epplen, J{\"o}rg T. and Parzefall, Jakob},
  title     = {On the stability of dispensable constituents of the eukaryotic genome: Stability of coding sequences versus truly hypervariable sequences in a clonal vertebrate, the amazon molly, Poecilia formosa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61731},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {In dooal unisexual vertebrales, the genes specifying the males become dispensable. To study tbe rate of such geoes the gynogeoetic all-female fisb Poecilillfonnolll was treated with androgens. Phenotypic males were obtained that exbibited the complete set of male cbaracteristics of dosely related gooocboristic species, induding body proportions, pigmentation, the extremely complex insemination apparatus of poecil{\"u}d fish, sexual bebavior, and spermatogeoesls. Tbe apparent stabllity of such genic structures, induding those involved in androgen regulation, is contrasted by high instability of noncoding sequeaces. Frequent mutations, thelr donal transmission, and at least two truly hypervariable Iod leading to individual difl'ereaces between these othenrise donal organisms were detected by DNA fingerprinting. These observations substantiate the concept that also in "ameiotic" vertebrates certain compartments of the genome are more prooe to mutatiooal alterations than others.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlPeter1988,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Peter, R. U.},
  title     = {Progressive growth of fish tumors after transplantation into thymus-aplastic (nu/nu) mice},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61833},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlErbeldingDenkHolteretal.1993,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Erbelding-Denk, Claudia and Holter, Sabine and Nanda, Indrajit and Schmid, Michael and Schroder, Johannes H. and Epplen, J{\"o}rg T.},
  title     = {Reproductive failure of dominant males in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae determined by DNA fingerprinting},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61643},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Hierarchical structures among male indlviduals in a population are frequently reflected ln differences in aggressive and reproductive behavior and access to the females. In general, sodal dominance requires the Investments, which in turn then may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesls has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups (one or two males with one or two females) due to the difficulties of determining paternity by conventional methods. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems by offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups [Borke, T. (1989) Trends Ecol. Evol. 4, 139-144]. We show here that in the poecUiid fish Limia perugitu, in small matlng groups the dominant male has 8 mating success of 100\%, whereas ln larger groups lts contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlBarnekowBaueretal.1982,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, A. and Bauer, H. and Anders, F.},
  title     = {Correlations of inheritance and expression between a tumor gene and the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus-transforming gene in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61937},
  year      = {1982},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, A.},
  title     = {Differential expression of the cellular src gene during vertebrate development},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61893},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, A.},
  title     = {Cellular src gene product detected in the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61904},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlAdam1992,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Adam, Dieter},
  title     = {Molecular cloning, structural characterization, and analysis of transcription of the melanoma oncogene of xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61989},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schartl1988,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {A sex chromosomal restriction-fragment-length marker linked to melanoma-determining Tu loci in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61842},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schartl1990,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Homology of melanoma-inducing loci in the genus Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61757},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {Several species of the genus Xiphophorus are polymorphic for specific pigment patterns. Same of these give rise to malignant melanoma following the appropriate crossings. For one of these pattern Iod from the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus the melanoma-inducing gene has been doned and found to encode a novel receptor tyrosine kinase, designated Xmrk. Using molecular probes from this gene in Southern blot analyses on single fish DNA preparations from 600 specimens of different populations of various species of the genus Xiphophorus and their hybrids, either with or without melanomapredisposing pattern, it was shown that all individuals contain the Xmrk gene as a proto-oncogene. It is located on the sex chromosome. All fish that carry a melanoma-predisposing locus which has been identified by Mendelian genetics contain an additional copy of Xmrk, closely linked to a specific melanophore pattern locus on the sex chromosome. The melanoma-inducing loci of the different species and populations are homologous. The additional copy of Xmrk obviously arose by a geneduplication event, thereby acquiring the oncogenic potential. The homology of the melanomainducing Iod points to a similar mechanism of tumor suppression in all feral fish populations of the different species of the genus Xiphophorus.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlDimitrijevicSchartl1994,
  author    = {Schartl, A. and Dimitrijevic, N. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Evolutionary origin and molecular biology of the melanoma-inducing oncogene of Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61954},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiehlSchartlKollinger1984,
  author    = {Riehl, R. and Schartl, Manfred and Kollinger, G.},
  title     = {Comparative studies on the ultrastructure of malignant melanoma in fish and human by freeze-etching and transmission electron microscopy},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61920},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Malignant melanomas (MM) in the fish Xiphophorus and in humans were studied both by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and freeze-etching (FE). In both fish and human melanomas the cells show interdigitations of the,plasma membranes. The nuclei are large and lobulated and have many nuclear pores. Melanosomes are abundant and melanosome complexes ("compound melanosomes") occur regularly. Pinocytotic vesicles could be demonstrated in fish and human melanomas showing iocal differences in frequency and distribution patterns in the tumor. lntercellular junctions are lacking in MM cells from fish and humans. The FE technique showed considerable advantages in demonstrating membrane-surface peculiarities such as nuclear pores or pinocytotic vesicles. The FE replicas of fish melanomas are like those of humans. These findings may support the hypothesis that melanoma in fish and humans reflect the same biological phenomenon.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiehlSchartl1984,
  author    = {Riehl, R. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {A Transmission Electron Microscopical and Freeze-Etch Study of Malignant-Melanoma in Fish},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61916},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}