@article{NyamekyeThielSchoenbrodtStittetal.2018,
  author    = {Nyamekye, Clement and Thiel, Michael and Sch{\"o}nbrodt-Stitt, Sarah and Zoungrana, Benewinde J.-B. and Amekudzi, Leonard K.},
  title     = {Soil and water conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su10093182},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197653},
  pages     = {3182},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Inadequate land management and agricultural activities have largely resulted in land degradation in Burkina Faso. The nationwide governmental and institutional driven implementation and adoption of soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) since the early 1960s, however, is expected to successively slow down the degradation process and to increase the agricultural output. Even though relevant measures have been taken, only a few studies have been conducted to quantify their effect, for instance, on soil erosion and environmental restoration. In addition, a comprehensive summary of initiatives, implementation strategies, and eventually region-specific requirements for adopting different SWCM is missing. The present study therefore aims to review the different SWCM in Burkina Faso and implementation programs, as well as to provide information on their effects on environmental restoration and agricultural productivity. This was achieved by considering over 143 studies focusing on Burkina Faso's experience and research progress in areas of SWCM and soil erosion. SWCM in Burkina Faso have largely resulted in an increase in agricultural productivity and improvement in food security. Finally, this study aims at supporting the country's informed decision-making for extending already existing SWCM and for deriving further implementation strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZoungranaConradAmekudzietal.2015,
  author    = {Zoungrana, Benewinde Jean-Bosco and Conrad, Christopher and Amekudzi, Leonard K. and Thiel, Michael and Dapola Da, Evariste and Forkuor, Gerald and L{\"o}w, Fabian},
  title     = {Multi-Temporal Landsat Images and Ancillary Data for Land Use/Cover Change (LULCC) Detection in the Southwest of Burkina Faso, West Africa},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs70912076},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125866},
  pages     = {12076-12102},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Accurate quantification of land use/cover change (LULCC) is important for efficient environmental management, especially in regions that are extremely affected by climate variability and continuous population growth such as West Africa. In this context, accurate LULC classification and statistically sound change area estimates are essential for a better understanding of LULCC processes. This study aimed at comparing mono-temporal and multi-temporal LULC classifications as well as their combination with ancillary data and to determine LULCC across the heterogeneous landscape of southwest Burkina Faso using accurate classification results. Landsat data (1999, 2006 and 2011) and ancillary data served as input features for the random forest classifier algorithm. Five LULC classes were identified: woodland, mixed vegetation, bare surface, water and agricultural area. A reference database was established using different sources including high-resolution images, aerial photo and field data. LULCC and LULC classification accuracies, area and area uncertainty were computed based on the method of adjusted error matrices. The results revealed that multi-temporal classification significantly outperformed those solely based on mono-temporal data in the study area. However, combining mono-temporal imagery and ancillary data for LULC classification had the same accuracy level as multi-temporal classification which is an indication that this combination is an efficient alternative to multi-temporal classification in the study region, where cloud free images are rare. The LULCC map obtained had an overall accuracy of 92\%. Natural vegetation loss was estimated to be 17.9\% ± 2.5\% between 1999 and 2011. The study area experienced an increase in agricultural area and bare surface at the expense of woodland and mixed vegetation, which attests to the ongoing deforestation. These results can serve as means of regional and global land cover products validation, as they provide a new validated data set with uncertainty estimates in heterogeneous ecosystems prone to classification errors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KnauerGessnerFensholtetal.2017,
  author    = {Knauer, Kim and Gessner, Ursula and Fensholt, Rasmus and Forkuor, Gerald and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Monitoring agricultural expansion in Burkina Faso over 14 years with 30 m resolution time series: the role of population growth and implications for the environment},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs9020132},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171905},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Burkina Faso ranges amongst the fastest growing countries in the world with an annual population growth rate of more than three percent. This trend has consequences for food security since agricultural productivity is still on a comparatively low level in Burkina Faso. In order to compensate for the low productivity, the agricultural areas are expanding quickly. The mapping and monitoring of this expansion is difficult, even on the basis of remote sensing imagery, since the extensive farming practices and frequent cloud coverage in the area make the delineation of cultivated land from other land cover and land use types a challenging task. However, as the rapidly increasing population could have considerable effects on the natural resources and on the regional development of the country, methods for improved mapping of LULCC (land use and land cover change) are needed. For this study, we applied the newly developed ESTARFM (Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model) framework to generate high temporal (8-day) and high spatial (30 m) resolution NDVI time series for all of Burkina Faso for the years 2001, 2007, and 2014. For this purpose, more than 500 Landsat scenes and 3000 MODIS scenes were processed with this automated framework. The generated ESTARFM NDVI time series enabled extraction of per-pixel phenological features that all together served as input for the delineation of agricultural areas via random forest classification at 30 m spatial resolution for entire Burkina Faso and the three years. For training and validation, a randomly sampled reference dataset was generated from Google Earth images and based on expert knowledge. The overall accuracies of 92\% (2001), 91\% (2007), and 91\% (2014) indicate the well-functioning of the applied methodology. The results show an expansion of agricultural area of 91\% between 2001 and 2014 to a total of 116,900 km\(^2\). While rainfed agricultural areas account for the major part of this trend, irrigated areas and plantations also increased considerably, primarily promoted by specific development projects. This expansion goes in line with the rapid population growth in most provinces of Burkina Faso where land was still available for an expansion of agricultural area. The analysis of agricultural encroachment into protected areas and their surroundings highlights the increased human pressure on these areas and the challenges of environmental protection for the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WalzWegmannDechetal.2015,
  author    = {Walz, Yvonne and Wegmann, Martin and Dech, Stefan and Vounastou, Penelope and Poda, Jean-Noel and N'Goran, Eli{\´e}zer K. and Raso, Giovanna and Utzinger, J{\"u}rg},
  title     = {Modeling and Validation of Environmental Suitability for Schistosomiasis Transmission Using Remote Sensing},
  series = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0004217},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125845},
  pages     = {e0004217},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Schistosomiasis is the most widespread water-based disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Transmission is governed by the spatial distribution of specific freshwater snails that act as intermediate hosts and human water contact patterns. Remote sensing data have been utilized for spatially explicit risk profiling of schistosomiasis. We investigated the potential of remote sensing to characterize habitat conditions of parasite and intermediate host snails and discuss the relevance for public health. Methodology We employed high-resolution remote sensing data, environmental field measurements, and ecological data to model environmental suitability for schistosomiasis-related parasite and snail species. The model was developed for Burkina Faso using a habitat suitability index (HSI). The plausibility of remote sensing habitat variables was validated using field measurements. The established model was transferred to different ecological settings in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire and validated against readily available survey data from school-aged children. Principal Findings Environmental suitability for schistosomiasis transmission was spatially delineated and quantified by seven habitat variables derived from remote sensing data. The strengths and weaknesses highlighted by the plausibility analysis showed that temporal dynamic water and vegetation measures were particularly useful to model parasite and snail habitat suitability, whereas the measurement of water surface temperature and topographic variables did not perform appropriately. The transferability of the model showed significant relations between the HSI and infection prevalence in study sites of C{\^o}te d'Ivoire. Conclusions/Significance A predictive map of environmental suitability for schistosomiasis transmission can support measures to gain and sustain control. This is particularly relevant as emphasis is shifting from morbidity control to interrupting transmission. Further validation of our mechanistic model needs to be complemented by field data of parasite- and snail-related fitness. Our model provides a useful tool to monitor the development of new hotspots of potential schistosomiasis transmission based on regularly updated remote sensing data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zirkel2011,
  author    = {Zirkel, Janina},
  title     = {Malaria in Burkina Faso - Chancen f{\"u}r eine neue Strategie mit Hilfe von Methylenblau},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72583},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Trotz betr{\"a}chtlicher Anstrengung Malaria zu kontrollieren bzw. zu eradizieren, stellt die Krankheit weiterhin eines der gravierendsten Gesundheitsprobleme unseres Jahrtausends dar. Malaria fordert j{\"a}hrlich zwischen 0,7 und 2,7 Millionen Menschenleben, beeintr{\"a}chtigt schulische und soziale Entwicklung und hemmt erheblich das Wirtschaftswachstum der betroffenen L{\"a}nder. In Burkina Faso, einem der {\"a}rmsten L{\"a}nder der Welt, ist Malaria eines der gr{\"o}ßten Gesundheitsprobleme und ca. ein Drittel aller Todesf{\"a}lle werden hier Malaria angelastet. Die sich weiter ausbreiteten Resistenzen gegen die g{\"a}ngigen Malariamedikamente machen die Bek{\"a}mpfung der Malaria zunehmend schwierig. Artemisinin basierende Kombinationstherapien sind aktuell, trotz relativ hoher Therapiekosten und erster Resistenzen, die Erstlinien Behandlung. Effektive und billige neue Kombinationstherapien werden dringend ben{\"o}tigt. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurde das Resistenzpotential von Artemisinin modelliert. Die Homologiemodellierungen unterst{\"u}tzen die These von Krishna und Kollegen von SERCA als einzige Zielstruktur von Artemisinin. Des Weiteren wurde Methylenblau als neues altes Malariamittel evaluiert. Methylenblau ist das erste gegen Malaria eingesetzte Medikament, agiert als ein prooxidatives Agens und inhibiert selektiv und nicht-kompetitiv die P. falciparum Glutathion Reduktase. Die additiven und multiplen Zielprotein Effekte von Methylenblau wurden experimentell untersucht und hier in einem bioinformatischem Modell getestet. Unter dem Einfluss von Methylenblau werden einige Schl{\"u}sselenzyme des Redoxstoffwechsels in ihrer Aktivit{\"a}t beeintr{\"a}chtigt und der Parasit wird verst{\"a}rkt oxidativem Stress ausgesetzt. Des Weiteren konnte in dieser Dr. Arbeit eine starke Kooperationsbereitschaft der urbanen und l{\"a}ndlichen Bev{\"o}lkerung an zuk{\"u}nftigen Malaria Projekten gezeigt werden.},
  subject      = {Methylenblau},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{TiegnaZante2021,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Tiegna, Janneke and Zant{\´e}, Nestor},
  title     = {Forschung {\"u}ber B{\"u}rgerwehren in Burkina Faso: Herausforderungen und Strategien des Feldzugangs},
  issn      = {2698-2684},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24057},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240575},
  pages     = {37},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Dieses Working Paper veranschaulicht, wie sich die beiden Forscher*innen Janneke Tiegna und Nestor Zant{\´e} des Teilprojekts F „Lokale Selbstregelungen f{\"u}r die Herstellung von Sicherheit: B{\"u}rgerwehren in Burkina Faso", w{\"a}hrend ihres bisherigen Forschungsaufenthalts von September 2019 bis Februar 2020 Zugang in ihre Forschungsgemeinden im Westen und S{\"u}den Burkina Fasos verschafft haben. Zant{\´e} forschte zu der Selbstverteidigungsgruppe Koglw{\´e}ogo und Tiegna zu den Dozo-J{\"a}ger*innen. Dieses Working Paper erkl{\"a}rt zun{\"a}chst die Zielgruppe und die Forschungsgebiete und geht dabei kurz auf das Forschungsinteresse ein. Es folgen Erl{\"a}uterungen zur Vorbereitung auf den Feldaufenthalt. Ausf{\"u}hrlich werden die Herausforderungen der Forschung {\"u}ber diese sensible Thematik erl{\"a}utert sowie Abwehrreaktionen und Widerst{\"a}nde im Feld dargestellt. Anschließend erkl{\"a}ren Tiegna und Zant{\´e}, mit wel-chen Strategien sie diesen Herausforderungen begegnet sind.},
  subject      = {Burkina Faso},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SteinCoulibalyStenchlyetal.2017,
  author    = {Stein, Katharina and Coulibaly, Drissa and Stenchly, Kathrin and Goetze, Dethardt and Porembski, Stefan and Lindner, Andr{\´e} and Konat{\´e}, Souleymane and Linsenmair, Eduard K.},
  title     = {Bee pollination increases yield quantity and quality of cash crops in Burkina Faso, West Africa},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {17691},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-017-17970-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169914},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Mutualistic biotic interactions as among flowering plants and their animal pollinators are a key component of biodiversity. Pollination, especially by insects, is a key element in ecosystem functioning, and hence constitutes an ecosystem service of global importance. Not only sexual reproduction of plants is ensured, but also yields are stabilized and genetic variability of crops is maintained, counteracting inbreeding depression and facilitating system resilience. While experiencing rapid environmental change, there is an increased demand for food and income security, especially in sub-Saharan communities, which are highly dependent on small scale agriculture. By combining exclusion experiments, pollinator surveys and field manipulations, this study for the first time quantifies the contribution of bee pollinators to smallholders' production of the major cash crops, cotton and sesame, in Burkina Faso. Pollination by honeybees and wild bees significantly increased yield quantity and quality on average up to 62\%, while exclusion of pollinators caused an average yield gap of 37\% in cotton and 59\% in sesame. Self-pollination revealed inbreeding depression effects on fruit set and low germination rates in the F1-generation. Our results highlight potential negative consequences of any pollinator decline, provoking risks to agriculture and compromising crop yields in sub-Saharan West Africa.},
  language  = {en}
}
@masterthesis{Marx2020,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Marx, Philipp},
  title     = {Aus der Isolation zur Regionalmacht - Eine Analyse der Außenpolitik Burkina Fasos unter Blaise Compaor{\´e}},
  issn      = {2199-4315},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-20464},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204647},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {1-50},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Ganze 27 Jahre lang regierte Blaise Compaor{\´e} die westafrikanische Republik Burkina Faso. Am 15. Oktober 1987 putschte er sich mit Hilfe eines von ihm angeleiteten Staatsstreichs, bei dem sein Vorg{\"a}nger Thomas Sankara ermordet wurde, an die Macht. Die außenpolitische Ausgangssituation Burkina Fasos zu Beginn der Amtszeit Blaise Compaor{\´e}s war verheerend: Die anti-kapitalistische Außenpolitik Sankaras hatte den rohstoffarmen Binnenstaat von seinen wichtigsten politischen und wirtschaftlichen Partnern isoliert und die neue Regierung war durch den gewaltt{\"a}tigen Staatsstreich international gebrandmarkt. Trotz dieser außenpolitisch schwierigen Ausgangslage entwickelte sich Blaise Compaor{\´e} im Zeitverlauf seiner pr{\"a}sidialen Amtszeit zu der zentralen Figur der regionalen Diplomatie in Westafrika. Er konnte in den 2000er Jahren durch Konfliktmediationen im unmittelbaren geografischen Umfeld Burkina Fasos eine F{\"u}hrungsrolle in der westafrikanischen Subregion einnehmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die außenpolitischen Entwicklungen Burkina Fasos w{\"a}hrend der pr{\"a}sidialen Amtszeit Blaise Compaor{\´e}s. Der Fokus der Analyse liegt auf der Frage, wie sich Burkina Faso unter Blaise Compaor{\´e} als Regionalmacht in Westafrika etablieren konnte. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die außenpolitischen Mittel, mit denen Blaise Compaor{\´e} die Grundsituation der politischen Isolation seines Amtsantritts in eine regionale F{\"u}hrungsrolle in Westafrika umwandeln konnte, herausgestellt.},
  subject      = {Burkina Faso},
  language  = {de}
}