@phdthesis{Siller2023, author = {Siller, Benjamin}, title = {Influence of Lead Time and Emission Policies on the Design of Supply Chains - Insights from Supply Chain Design Models}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29671}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296713}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Companies are expected to act as international players and to use their capabilities to provide customized products and services quickly and efficiently. Today, consumers expect their requirements to be met within a short time and at a favorable price. Order-to-delivery lead time has steadily gained in importance for consumers. Furthermore, governments can use various emissions policies to force companies and customers to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis investigates the influence of order-to-delivery lead time and different emission policies on the design of a supply chain. Within this work different supply chain design models are developed to examine these different influences. The first model incorporates lead times and total costs, and various emission policies are implemented to illustrate the trade-off between the different measures. The second model reflects the influence of order-to-delivery lead time sensitive consumers, and different emission policies are implemented to study their impacts. The analysis shows that the share of order-to-delivery lead time sensitive consumers has a significant impact on the design of a supply chain. Demand uncertainty and uncertainty in the design of different emission policies are investigated by developing an appropriate robust mathematical optimization model. Results show that especially uncertainties on the design of an emission policy can significantly impact the total cost of a supply chain. The effects of differently designed emission policies in various countries are investigated in the fourth model. The analyses highlight that both lead times and emission policies can strongly influence companies' offshoring and nearshoring strategies.}, subject = {Supply Chain Management}, language = {en} } @techreport{BaumgartBredebachHermetal.2022, author = {Baumgart, Michael and Bredebach, Patrick and Herm, Lukas-Valentin and Hock, David and Hofmann, Adrian and Janiesch, Christian and Jankowski, Leif Ole and Kampik, Timotheus and Keil, Matthias and Kolb, Julian and Kr{\"o}hn, Michael and Pytel, Norman and Schaschek, Myriam and St{\"u}bs, Oliver and Winkelmann, Axel and Zeiß, Christian}, title = {Plattform f{\"u}r das integrierte Management von Kollaborationen in Wertsch{\"o}pfungsnetzwerken (PIMKoWe)}, editor = {Winkelmann, Axel and Janiesch, Christian}, issn = {2199-0328}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29335}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293354}, pages = {248}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das Verbundprojekt „Plattform f{\"u}r das integrierte Management von Kollaborationen in Wertsch{\"o}pfungsnetzwerken" (PIMKoWe - F{\"o}rderkennzeichen „02P17D160") ist ein Forschungsvorhaben im Rahmen des Forschungsprogramms „Innovationen f{\"u}r die Produktion, Dienstleistung und Arbeit von morgen" der Bekanntmachung „Industrie 4.0 - Intelligente Kollaborationen in dynamischen Wertsch{\"o}pfungs-netzwerken" (InKoWe). Das Forschungsvorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gef{\"o}rdert und durch den Projekttr{\"a}ger des Karlsruher Instituts f{\"u}r Technologie (PTKA) betreut. Ziel des Forschungsprojekts PIMKoWe ist die Entwicklung und Bereitstellung einer Plattforml{\"o}sung zur Flexibilisierung, Automatisierung und Absicherung von Kooperationen in Wertsch{\"o}pfungsnetzwerken des industriellen Sektors.}, subject = {Blockchain}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lauton2021, author = {Lauton, Felix}, title = {Three Essays on the Procurement of Essential Medicines in Developing Countries}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-22063}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220631}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The first problem is that of the optimal volume allocation in procurement. The choice of this problem was motivated by a study whose objective was to support decision-making at two procurement organizations for the procurement of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), an injectable contraceptive. At the time of this study, only one supplier that had undergone the costly and lengthy process of WHO pre-qualification was available to these organizations. However, a new entrant supplier was expected to receive WHO qualification within the next year, thus becoming a viable second source for DMPA procurement. When deciding how to allocate the procurement volume between the two suppliers, the buyers had to consider the impact on price as well as risk. Higher allocations to one supplier yield lower prices but expose a buyer to higher supply risks, while an even allocation will result in lower supply risk but also reduce competitive pressure, resulting in higher prices. Our research investigates this single- versus dual-sourcing problem and quantifies in one model the impact of the procurement volume on competition and risk. To support decision-makers, we develop a mathematical framework that accounts for the characteristics of donor-funded global health markets and models the effects of an entrant on purchasing costs and supply risks. Our in-depth analysis provides insights into how the optimal allocation decision is affected by various parameters and explores the trade-off between competition and supply risk. For example, we find that, even if the entrant supplier introduces longer leads times and a higher default risk, the buyer still benefits from dual sourcing. However, these risk-diversification benefits depend heavily on the entrant's in-country registration: If the buyer can ship the entrant's product to only a selected number of countries, the buyer does not benefit from dual sourcing as much as it would if entrant's product could be shipped to all supplied countries. We show that the buyer should be interested in qualifying the entrant's product in countries with high demand first. In the second problem we explore a new tendering mechanism called the postponement tender, which can be useful when buyers in the global health industry want to contract new generics suppliers with uncertain product quality. The mechanism allows a buyer to postpone part of the procurement volume's allocation so the buyer can learn about the unknown quality before allocating the remaining volume to the best supplier in terms of both price and quality. We develop a mathematical model to capture the decision-maker's trade-offs in setting the right split between the initial volume and the postponed volume. Our analysis shows that a buyer can benefit from this mechanism more than it can from a single-sourcing format, as it can decrease the risk of receiving poor quality (in terms of product quality and logistics performance) and even increase competitive pressure between the suppliers, thereby lowering the purchasing costs. By considering market parameters like the buyer's size, the suppliers' value (difference between quality and cost), quality uncertainty, and minimum order volumes, we derive optimal sourcing strategies for various market structures and explore how competition is affected by the buyer's learning about the suppliers' quality through the initial volume. The third problem considers the repeated procurement problem of pharmacies in Kenya that have multi-product inventories. Coordinating orders allows pharmacies to achieve lower procurement prices by using the quantity discounts manufacturers offer and sharing fixed ordering costs, such as logistics costs. However, coordinating and optimizing orders for multiple products is complex and costly. To solve the coordinated procurement problem, also known as the Joint Replenishment Problem (JRP) with quantity discounts, a novel, data-driven inventory policy using sample-average approximation is proposed. The inventory policy is developed based on renewal theory and is evaluated using real-world sales data from Kenyan pharmacies. Multiple benchmarks are used to evaluate the performance of the approach. First, it is compared to the theoretically optimal policy --- that is, a dynamic-programming policy --- in the single-product setting without quantity discounts to show that the proposed policy results in comparable inventory costs. Second, the policy is evaluated for the original multi-product setting with quantity discounts and compared to ex-post optimal costs. The evaluation shows that the policy's performance in the multi-product setting is similar to its performance in the single-product setting (with respect to ex-post optimal costs), suggesting that the proposed policy offers a promising, data-driven solution to these types of multi-product inventory problems.}, subject = {Entwicklungsl{\"a}nder}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kloos2020, author = {Kloos, Konstantin}, title = {Allocation Planning in Sales Hierarchies}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-19373}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193734}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Allocation planning describes the process of allocating scarce supply to individual customers in order to prioritize demands from more important customers, i.e. because they request a higher service-level target. A common assumption across publications is that allocation planning is performed by a single planner with the ability to decide on the allocations to all customers simultaneously. In many companies, however, there does not exist such a central planner and, instead, allocation planning is a decentral and iterative process aligned with the company's multi-level hierarchical sales organization. This thesis provides a rigorous analytical and numerical analysis of allocation planning in such hierarchical settings. It studies allocation methods currently used in practice and shows that these approaches typically lead to suboptimal allocations associated with significant performance losses. Therefore, this thesis provides multiple new allocation approaches which show a much higher performance, but still are simple enough to lend themselves to practical application. The findings in this thesis can guide decision makers when to choose which allocation approach and what factors are decisive for their performance. In general, our research suggests that with a suitable hierarchical allocation approach, decision makers can expect a similar performance as under centralized planning.}, subject = {Supply Chain Management}, language = {en} } @techreport{HermJaniesch2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Herm, Lukas-Valentin and Janiesch, Christian}, title = {Anforderungsanalyse f{\"u}r eine Kollaborationsplattform in Blockchain-basierten Wertsch{\"o}pfungsnetzwerken}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-18886}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188866}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In our globalized world, companies operate on an international market. To concentrate on their main competencies and be more competitive, they integrate into supply chain networks. However, these potentials also bear many risks. The emergence of an international market also creates pressure from competitors, forcing companies to collaborate with new and unknown companies in dynamic supply chain networks. In many cases, this can cause a lack of trust as the application of illegal practices and the breaking of agreements through complex and nontransparent supply chain networks pose a threat. Blockchain technology provides a transparent, decentralized, and distributed means of chaining data storage and thus enables trust in its tamper-proof storage, even if there is no trust in the cooperation partners. The use of the blockchain also provides the opportunity to digitize, automate, and monitor processes within supply chain networks in real time. The research project "Plattform f{\"u}r das integrierte Management von Kollaborationen in Wertsch{\"o}pfungsnetzwerken" (PIMKoWe) addresses this issue. The aim of this report is to define requirements for such a collaboration platform. We define requirements based on a literature review and expert interviews, which allow for an objective consideration of scientific and practical aspects. An additional survey validates and further classifies these requirements as "essential", "optional", or "irrelevant". In total, we have derived a collection of 45 requirements from different dimensions for the collaboration platform. Employing these requirements, we illustrate a conceptual architecture of the platform as well as introduce a realistic application scenario. The presentation of the platform concept and the application scenario can provide the foundation for implementing and introducing a blockchain-based collaboration platform into existing supply chain networks in context of the research project PIMKoWe.}, subject = {Blockchain}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-18064, title = {Lieferketten im Einzelhandel}, editor = {Franz, Martin}, publisher = {Verlag MetaGIS Infosysteme}, address = {Mannheim}, isbn = {978-3-936438-46-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180644}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {173}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Lieferketten im Einzelhandel haben sich in den letzten Jahren stark gewandelt. Die wachsenden Marktanteile von Einzelhandelsunternehmen oder -genossenschaften, die gr{\"o}ßer werdenden Einzelhandelsformate und die Erweiterung der Produktbreite und -tiefe f{\"u}hrten zu fr{\"u}her kaum vorstellbaren Quantit{\"a}ten. Gleichzeitig haben die Einf{\"u}hrung von Informationstechnologie, die intensive Kooperation zwischen H{\"a}ndlern und Lieferanten durch Informationsaustausch oder vertikale Integration von Teilen der Lieferketten sowie die globale Ausbreitung von Lieferbeziehungen Prozesse des Supply-Chain-Managements auch qualitativ erheblich ver{\"a}ndert. Parallel dazu wurden Ans{\"a}tze entwickelt, wie diese Entwicklungen analysiert und konzeptionalisiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Dabei haben Analyserahmen wie die Ans{\"a}tze der Globalen Warenketten oder der Globalen Produktionsnetzwerke die komplexe Aufgabe, Prozesse zu erfassen, die einerseits immer globaler werden, andererseits lokal und regional stark eingebettet sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt der vorliegende Band aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus einer geographischen Perspektive vor. Insgesamt acht Beitr{\"a}ge beleuchten Lieferketten im Einzelhandel aus unterschiedlichen theoretischen Perspektiven und analysieren Fallstudien aus Australien, Deutschland, Indien, S{\"u}dafrika und den USA. Dabei bezieht sich ein Großteil der Beitr{\"a}ge auf den Handel mit Lebensmitteln.}, subject = {Einzelhandel}, language = {de} } @techreport{GriefAltmannBogaschewsky2017, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Grief, Lukas and Altmann, Michael and Bogaschewsky, Ronald}, title = {The impact of sustainable supply chain management practices on performance metrics - A meta-analysis}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-15383}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153833}, pages = {105}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels einer Meta-Analyse den Zusammenhang zwischen nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivit{\"a}ten und der Unternehmensperformance. Es sollen auf Grundlage einer breiten Datenbasis aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2013 fundierte und aussagekr{\"a}ftige Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen {\"o}kologisch nachhaltigen Supply Chain Aktivit{\"a}ten und deren Wirkung auf unterschiedliche Bereiche der Unternehmensperformance hergestellt werden}, subject = {Supply Chain Management}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Heinrich2013, author = {Heinrich, Christian}, title = {Situative Entscheidung in Produktionsbetrieben durch integrierte Planung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114153}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Im Umfeld von Unternehmenssoftware, Planung und Entscheidung in Wertsch{\"o}pfungsnetzen sind verschiedene Schlagw{\"o}rter weit verbreitet. Technologisch getriebene Themen wie Real-Time-Enterprise-Management, Big Data, Business Intelligence, Corporate Performance Ma-nagement und die dazugeh{\"o}rige Software werden in diversen Anwendungskontexten verwen-det. In Unternehmen jedoch werden die klassischen betriebswirtschaftlichen Aufgaben wie Unternehmens-, Absatz- und Produktionsplanung rein methodisch und funktional durchge-f{\"u}hrt. Eine abteilungs{\"u}bergreifende Prozessbetrachtung kann nicht als gegeben betrachtet werden. Das Zusammentreffen von technologischem Fortschritt durch Standardanwendungs-software verbunden mit innovativen Datenspeicher- und Informationsverarbeitungsmethoden und den organisatorischen Strukturen in global agierenden Produktionsunternehmen, bewirkt einen nie da gewesenen Anstieg der Komplexit{\"a}t. Folglich m{\"u}ssen sich die Organisation und Informationssysteme im Sinne der Integration aneinander ann{\"a}hern, um Koordinations-schwierigkeiten bei bereichs{\"u}bergreifenden Arbeitsabl{\"a}ufen und deren Informationsfl{\"u}ssen zu reduzieren. Die zunehmende Automatisierung inner- und zwischenbetrieblicher Planungsabl{\"a}ufe sowie der Anstieg der Informationsquellen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Gesch{\"a}ftsentscheidungen hat eine große Datenmenge zur Folge. Um den unbestrittenen Mehrwert von richtiger Information am richti-gen Ort zur richtigen Zeit f{\"u}r Unternehmen nutzbar zu machen und die daraus abgeleiteten Entscheidungen umzusetzen, bedarf es einer pr{\"a}zisen Beschreibung der relevanten Gesch{\"a}fts-prozesse und der spezifischen Informationen. Deshalb ver{\"a}ndern sich die Planungs- und Ent-scheidungsprozesse durch die Konsolidierung moderner Informationstechnologie massiv. Hierf{\"u}r wird ein innovativer und praxiserprobter Ansatz entwickelt: Unter integrierter Planung- und Entscheidung (IPE) ist die Standardisierung der dezentralen Entscheidungsfindung unter Einbeziehung aller relevanten Informationen im Absatz-, Pro-duktionsgrob- und Finanzplanungsprozess zu verstehen. Basis ist die zentrale Informations-administration. Der Autor entwickelt ein Vorgehensmodell zur Standardisierung des integrierten Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesses, das alle wesentlichen Funktionen und Abteilungen eines produ-zierenden Unternehmens verbindet. Dabei werden die relevanten Informationen identifiziert und in ein ganzheitliches IPE-Rahmenwerk eingebettet. Dies zeigt das Zusammenspiel der allgemeinen informationstechnologischen und organisatorischen Anforderungen mit den auf-gabenbezogenen Zielsetzungen im taktischen Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozess auf. Das Modell l{\"o}st die Planungsproblematik im Anwendungsfall eines multinationalen Unterneh-mens. Anwender erhalten mit der Arbeit einen praxisgerechten Leitfaden zur Einf{\"u}hrung standardi-sierter Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse. Dabei wird die Automatisierung insofern be-r{\"u}cksichtigt, dass das Vorgehensmodell auch f{\"u}r Unternehmen mit heterogenen Informations-systemlandschaften Nutzen stiftet. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus, kann das IPE-Modell f{\"u}r Software-Firmen als Ausgangspunkt zur Weiterentwicklung von Standardanwendungssoftware im taktischen Managementbereich dienen.}, subject = {Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystem}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Altmann2014, author = {Altmann, Michael}, title = {Environmentally conscious supply chain design}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107760}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Sustainability has become a critical topic in all areas of supply chain management. As discussed earlier, drivers for this development can be identified as both internal and external phenomena. Since customers are one of the key stakeholders in supply chain management, special attention is paid to the impact of costumers´ behavior on sustainable supply chain design decisions. In this context, two main research questions were analyzed: 1.What is the appropriate way to design a supply chain according to environmentally-oriented requirements of customers? 2.What is the impact of customer´s behavior regarding both usage and return of products on supply chain design decisions in an environmentally conscious closed-loop supply chain environment? Therefore, three different optimization models with various main aspects are developed. To illustrate how the presented models can be applied in practical problem cases, guidelines for implementing an environmentally supply chain design project are presented.}, subject = {Supply Chain Management}, language = {en} }