@phdthesis{Saleh2019,
  author    = {Saleh, Ahmed},
  title     = {The emerging role of stress speckle tracking in viability world},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18053},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180536},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Speckle-tracking echocardiography has recently emerged as a quantitative ultrasound technique for accurately evaluating myocardial function by analyzing the motion of speckles identified. Speckle-tracking obtained under stress may offer an opportunity to improve the detection of dynamic regional abnormalities and myocardial viability. Objective: To evaluate stress speckle tracking as tool to detect myocardial viability in comparison to cardiac MRI in post-STEMI patients. Methods: 49 patients were prospectively enrolled in our 18-month's study. Dobutamin stress echocardiography was performed 4 days post-infarction accompanied with automated functional imaging (Speckle tracking) analysis of left ventricle during rest and then during low dose stress. All patients underwent a follow up stress echocardiography at 6 weeks with speckle tracking analysis. Cardiac MRI took place concomitantly at 4 days post-infarction and 6 weeks. We carried out an assessment of re-admission with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after one year of enrollment. Results: Investigating strain rate obtained with stress speckle tracking after revascularization predicted the extent of myocardial scar, determined by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. A good correlation was found between the global strain and total infarct size (R 0.75, p< 0.001). Furthermore, a clear inverse relationship was found between the segmental strain and the transmural extent of infarction in each segment. (R -0.69, p<0.01). Meanwhile it provided 81.82\% sensitivity and 82.6\% specificity to detect transmural from non-transmural infarction at a cut-off value of -10.15. Global stress strain rate showed 80\% sensitivity and 77.5\% specificity at a cut-off value of -9.1 to predict hospital re-admission with ACS. A cut-off value of -8.4 had shown a 69.23\% sensitivity and 73.5\% specificity to predict the re-admission related to other cardiac symptoms. Conclusion: Strain rate obtained from speckle tracking during stress is a novel method of detecting myocardial viability after STEMI .Moreover it carries a promising role in post-myocardial infarction risk stratification with a reasonable prediction of reversible cardiac-related hospital re-admission.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wajant2019,
  author    = {Wajant, Harald},
  title     = {Molecular mode of action of TRAIL receptor agonists—common principles and their translational exploitation},
  series = {Cancers},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Cancers},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.3390/cancers11070954},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201833},
  pages     = {954},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors TRAILR1/death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAILR2/DR5 trigger cell death in many cancer cells but rarely exert cytotoxic activity on non-transformed cells. Against this background, a variety of recombinant TRAIL variants and anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Despite promising results from mice tumor models, TRAIL death receptor targeting has failed so far in clinical studies to show satisfying anti-tumor efficacy. These disappointing results can largely be explained by two issues: First, tumor cells can acquire TRAIL resistance by several mechanisms defining a need for combination therapies with appropriate sensitizing drugs. Second, there is now growing preclinical evidence that soluble TRAIL variants but also bivalent anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies typically require oligomerization or plasma membrane anchoring to achieve maximum activity. This review discusses the need for oligomerization and plasma membrane attachment for the activity of TRAIL death receptor agonists in view of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of how TRAIL death receptors trigger intracellular cell death signaling. In particular, it will be highlighted which consequences this has for the development of next generation TRAIL death receptor agonists and their potential clinical application.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{vonEhrlichTreuenstaett2019,
  author    = {von Ehrlich-Treuenst{\"a}tt, Viktor Heinrich},
  title     = {Die Einfl{\"u}sse des Ionenkanals Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 4 (TRPC4) auf die Kalzium-Hom{\"o}ostase in Kardiomyozyten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18680},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186806},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Kationenkan{\"a}le der Canonical Transient Receptor (TRPC)-Familie spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der pathologischen Herzhypertrophie. Neben anderen Isoformen besitzt TRPC4 die Potenz, den strukturellen und funktionellen Umbau des Herzens im Rahmen der pathologischen Hypertrophie {\"u}ber Ca2+-Transienten zu best{\"a}rken. TRPC4-Kan{\"a}le sind nicht-selektive Kationenkan{\"a}le, die f{\"u}r Na+ und Ca2+ durchl{\"a}ssig sind. Sie setzen sich in der Plasmamembran zu Homo- oder Heterotetrameren zusammen. Die TRPC4-Kanalaktivit{\"a}t wird durch die Stimulation von Gq-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCR) reguliert und f{\"u}hrt zu einem Ca2+-Einstrom, der f{\"u}r die Aktivierung von Calcineurin und des nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) notwendig ist. Eine weitere Aktivierungsform l{\"a}sst sich {\"u}ber die Entleerung von intrazellul{\"a}ren Ca2+-Speichern (SOCE) aus dem Sarkoplasmatischen Retikulum (SR) nachweisen. Die funktionelle Wirkung des TRPC4 ist von der Expression der beiden Splice-Varianten TRPC4α und TRPC4β abh{\"a}ngig. Um diese funktionelle Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Splice-Variante C4β genauer zu charakterisieren, wurden in der vorliegenden Studie zytosolische Ca2+-Signale und deren Aktivierungsmechanismen analysiert. F{\"u}r die Untersuchungen wurden neonatale Rattenkardiomyozyten (NRC) verwendet, die mit adenoviralen Vektoren infiziert wurden und TRPC4beta (Ad-TRPC4β), TRPC4alpha (Ad-TRPC4α) und beta-Galaktosidase (Ad-ßgal) als Kontrolle exprimierten. Es erfolgte eine Auswertung der Ca2+-Transienten, in der gezeigt werden konnte, dass TRPC4β den Ca2+-Einstrom in schlagenden Kardiomyozyten beeinflusst. Dies machte sich in einer erh{\"o}hten Ca2+-Amplitude unter basalen Bedingungen bemerkbar. Ebenfalls konnte deutlich gemacht werden, dass eine Ca2+-Entleerung des SR TRPC4β als sogenannten SOC (speicher-regulierten Kanal, store-operated channel) aktiviert. Außerdem reagierten TRPC4β-infizierte NRCs mit einem gesteigerten Ca2+-Maximalspitzenwert (peak) unter Stimulation mit dem GPCR-Agonisten Angiotensin II. Die Amplitude der Ca2+-Transienten bei {\"U}berexpression von Ad-TRPC4β war im Vergleich zur Ad-ßgal-Kontrollgruppe deutlich gesteigert. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus war der Abfall der Ca2+-Transienten der TRPC4β-exprimierenden Zellen beschleunigt. Dies l{\"a}sst einen kompensatorischen Mechanismus vermuten, mit dem Ziel, einer Ca2+-{\"U}berladung der Zelle durch den TRPC4β-induzierten Ca2+-Einstrom entgegenzuwirken. In zus{\"a}tzlichen Experimenten zeigte sich TRPC4β ebenfalls deutlich sensitiver gegen{\"u}ber der Angiotensin II-Stimulation als TRPC4α. Weiterf{\"u}hrende Untersuchungen ließen erkennen, dass TRPC4β, im Gegensatz zu anderen TRPC-Isoformen, keinen pro-hypertrophen, sondern vielmehr einen pro-apoptotischen Einfluss auf Kardiomyozyten aus{\"u}bt. Zusammenfassend zeigt die vorliegende Studie, dass eine erh{\"o}hte Aktivit{\"a}t der Splice-Variante TRPC4β mit kritischen Ver{\"a}nderungen zytosolischer Ca2+-Signale verbunden ist und somit ein entscheidender Faktor f{\"u}r die Entstehung und Progression kardialer Pathologien sein k{\"o}nnte.},
  subject      = {Herzhypertrophie},
  language  = {de}
}