@article{WillekeJansonZinketal.2021,
  author    = {Willeke, Kristina and Janson, Patrick and Zink, Katharina and Stupp, Carolin and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Bergh{\"o}fer, Anne and Ewert, Thomas and King, Ryan and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Zapf, Andreas and Wildner, Manfred and Keil, Thomas},
  title     = {Occurrence of mental illness and mental health risks among the self-employed: a systematic review},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {16},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph18168617},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245085},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {We aimed to systematically identify and evaluate all studies of good quality that compared the occurrence of mental disorders in the self-employed versus employees. Adhering to the Cochrane guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and searched three major medical databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase), complemented by hand search. We included 26 (three longitudinal and 23 cross-sectional) population-based studies of good quality (using a validated quality assessment tool), with data from 3,128,877 participants in total. The longest of these studies, a Swedish national register evaluation with 25 years follow-up, showed a higher incidence of mental illness among the self-employed compared to white-collar workers, but a lower incidence compared to blue-collar workers. In the second longitudinal study from Sweden the self-employed had a lower incidence of mental illness compared to both blue- and white-collar workers over 15 years, whereas the third longitudinal study (South Korea) did not find a difference regarding the incidence of depressive symptoms over 6 years. Results from the cross-sectional studies showed associations between self-employment and poor general mental health and stress, but were inconsistent regarding other mental outcomes. Most studies from South Korea found a higher prevalence of mental disorders among the self-employed compared to employees, whereas the results of cross-sectional studies from outside Asia were less consistent. In conclusion, we found evidence from population-based studies for a link between self-employment and increased risk of mental illness. Further longitudinal studies are needed examining the potential risk for the development of mental disorders in specific subtypes of the self-employed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TischerStuppJansonetal.2021,
  author    = {Tischer, Christina and Stupp, Carolin and Janson, Patrick and Willeke, Kristina and Hung, Chu-Wei and Fl{\"o}ter, Jessica and Kirchner, Anna and Zink, Katharina and Eder, Lisa and Hackl, Christina and M{\"u}hle, Ursula and Weidmann, Manfred and Nennstiel, Uta and Kuhn, Joseph and Weidner, Christian and Liebl, Bernhard and Wildner, Manfred and Keil, Thomas},
  title     = {Evaluation of screening tests in Bavarian healthcare facilities during the second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {14},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph18147371},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242637},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Due to the lack of data on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive persons in healthcare institutions, they represent an inestimable risk. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the first 1,000,000 reported screening tests of asymptomatic staff, patients, residents, and visitors in hospitals and long-term care (LTC) facilities in the State of Bavaria over a period of seven months. Data were used from the online database BayCoRei (Bavarian Corona Screening Tests), established in July 2020. Descriptive analyses were performed, describing the temporal pattern of persons that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or antigen tests, stratified by facility. Until 15 March 2021, this database had collected 1,038,146 test results of asymptomatic subjects in healthcare facilities (382,240 by RT-PCR, and 655,906 by antigen tests). Of the RT-PCR tests, 2.2\% (n = 8380) were positive: 3.0\% in LTC facilities, 2.2\% in hospitals, and 1.2\% in rehabilitation institutions. Of the antigen tests, 0.4\% (n = 2327) were positive: 0.5\% in LTC facilities, and 0.3\% in both hospitals and rehabilitation institutions, respectively. In LTC facilities and hospitals, infection surveillance using RT-PCR tests, or the less expensive but less sensitive, faster antigen tests, could facilitate the long-term management of the healthcare workforce, patients, and residents.},
  language  = {en}
}